In order to determine the toxic effects of anastrazol and its relationship to the incidence of osteoporosis, this study was conducted (56 females laboratory rats ) aged (3-4 month) divided into (7 groups) each group composed 8 female rats as follows: The first group was treated with a anastrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) for a 60 days. The second group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) and fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight) for 60 days. The third group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight), and phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for 60 days. The fourth group was treated with anstrazol (0.02 mg/1 kg body weight) , fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight)  and phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60 Day. The fifth group is treated with a drug phytoestrogen (genstien) (20 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60-day. The sixth group were treated with fish oil (3750 mg/1 kg of body weight) for a 60-day. The seventh group is a group control are not treated by any drugs for a 60 days. The biochemical results showed a significant decline in value of estrogen in the GI (43.925±2.895) compared with GII, GIII and GIV while significant improvement observed in the estrogen level of GII, GIII and GIV respectively (70.308±2.140), (67.42±3.812) and (74.15± 3.603) compared with the first group (43.925±2.895). Also  the GIV showed the optimal improvement in estrogen level (74.15±3.603), as well, the biochemical results showed significant increase in the level of the alkaline phosphatase in the GI which showed (190.02±3.98) compared with GII, GIII and GIV while showed significant improvement of alkaline phosphatase values in the GII, GIII and GIV respectively (180.57±1. 89), (181.37±5. 03), (176. 8±2, 41).In Real-Time PCR RANK in the first group showed up-regulation (12.157±1.59) compared with the second, third and fourth groups (5.50±90.601), (6.903±0.130) and (3.018±0.027) respectively. The results also showed an up-regulation RANKL in Group I (8.458±0.766) compared with the second, third and fourth groups respectively (6.071±0.53), (4.970±0.228) and (3.398±0.114). While the results showed an up-regulation OPG in the second, third and fourth respectively (1.924±0.08), (1.014±0.064) and (5.567±1.419) compared in the first group (0.009±0.0076).We concluded that the derivatives like genestein and fish oil lead to ameliorate the toxic effect of anastrazole, also these derivatives may minimized the risk of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency

AN experiment conducted at the department of veterinary public health, college of veterinary medicine, Mosul-Iraq,  during September to October 2009 to study the effect of Mycofix ® plus (MY)  on broiler health performance during aflatoxicosis   Eighty, one- day- old commercial male broiler chicks (Ross 308), were distributed to 4 dietary treatment groups with 2 replicates of 10 chicks each. Birds were reared for 35 days. All birds were fed on diet with or without aflatoxin (AF), and with or without (MY) in feed. The treatment groups were as follow: G1 (0 part per million (ppm) AF without MY); g2 (2.5 ppm AF without MY ); g3 (0 ppm AF & 0.25% MY ); G4 (2.5 ppm AF & 0.25 % MY ). Body weights and feed intake were recorded weekly. At 35 of bird’s age, five birds were randomly selected from each group for estimation of WBCs, RBCs, HB and ESR; glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides; serum levels of AST,ALT and ALP enzymes; antibody titers and CV% against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine;  relative weights of  bursa of Fabricious , thymus, spleen, proventriculus, gizzard, kidney, liver, heart and pancreas, in addition to recording liver lesions. Results show that MY was effective in ameliorating the negative effect of AF on growth performance (body weight gain ,feed consumption and feed conversion ratio); on  relative weights of affected internal body organs and  the score lesion of liver; on blood picture (WCS, HB and  glucose); serum enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP); antibody titer and CV%  against ND vaccine in comparison to AF contaminated feed and control groups.     

Our radiological studyof the mandibular salivary gland was aimed to investigate the intraglandular ducts systemin both gazelle and sheep.  Eight mandibular  glands and three types of contras media were used.The  radiological parameters wereKv. 80 ,  time exposure  10 msec and focus film distance  80 cm . Our result showed that the mandibular salivary gland in gazelle made up of three lobes (dorsal ,middle and ventral lobes). The duct system appeared as highly branched and the main execratory duct was made of  the unitedof three lobar ducts . While in sheep, the gland made up of four lobes (cranial ,middle ,caudal and accessory) andthe  mainexceratory duct formed from united offour lobar ducts.

In this study a total number of 22 organ samples (including trachea, lung and kidney) from 22 broiler farms from northern Upper Egypt were collected from Mars 2017 to June 2018 from chickens showing clear clinical and pathological signs of Infectious Bronchitis. The samples were prepared and examined by real time RT-PCR for diagnosis of IBV. A total number of 11 samples were positive (50%) which were used for further isolation on SPF eggs by three blind serial passages. Positive samples that showed the pathogenic lesions of IB (curling and dwarfing of embryos) were collected and tested with real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for more confirmation then a part from S1 gene sequence was amplified by RT-PCR and the product was sequenced and the data have been compared with other related IBV strains. The results indicate that the Egyptian virus in this study has an identity percent reached up to 89% with other recent Egyptian isolates. However, it reached 67% with classical vaccine strains like H120 and variant I like CR88 strain. The lowest identity was observed with M41 strain (59%) in this study. The phylogenetic tree compared to other isolates from Middle East and worldwide showed that this isolate is related to the IBV variant 2 group closely related to IBVEg/1265B/2012 strain and the Israeli strain IS/1494/06.

Pneumonic pasteurellosis is the main cause of severe respiratory tract infections in calves and causing great economic losses. The objective of this research was to study the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida and M. haemolytica and detection the effect of Lysozyme and Nitric oxide; as immune parameters, on most important bacteria causing pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle calves. A total number of 406 deep nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from 406 bovine calves suffered from respiratory manifestations. Bacteriological examination revealed that the overall prevalence of both P. multocida and M. haemolytica was of 26.6%; 18.2% for P. multocida and 8.4%for M. haemolytica. P. multocida was singly isolated from 4.9% of cases. While it was mixed with S. aureus, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., both S. aureus and E. coli, both S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. and both E. coli and Streptococcus spp. with percentages of 4%, 1.2%, 2.2%, 1.7%, 3.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, M. haemolytica was isolated as a single isolate from 1.7% of cases while it was mixed with S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., both S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. and both E. coli and Streptococcus spp. with percentages of 2.7%, 1.2%, 2.5% and 0.2%, respectively. The in in-vitro sensitivity testing of all isolates showed high susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. On the other hand, high resistances were obtained against tetracyclines, penicillins and aminoglycosides. On the immunological level, the data of the existing research show that all respiratory affected calves record significant elevation of nitric oxide level in compare with normal control calves. However, all infected calves elucidate significant reduction of lysozyme activity.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a good useful imaging tool for diagnosing foot lameness in equine. Seventeen donkeys of age (6–12 years), gender admitted to the clinic unit of our collage with owners complained that the animals were suffered from incurable lameness in their forelimbs. All forelimb foots were collected at the level of fetlock joint after euthanasia for performing MR imaging .The results showed that, both normal anatomy to the foot using T1-weighted image sequence and detection of different lesions involving many parts of the foot such as collateral ligaments of the DIP joint, both DDFT core and border, both navicular bone medullary cavity and cortex, articular cartilage of DIP joint, distal sesamoidean impair ligament (DSIL) and suspensory ligament of the navicular bone that could not be diagnosed by other diagnostic tools such as X- ray, ultrasound and Computed Tomography. In conclusion, Using MRI in examination of donkey foot lameness is considered as a definitive and accurate diagnostic tool for design suitable treatment regimens for all affections.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food-borne disease worldwide and food poisoning. This study reports the effect of nisin (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) against Staphylococcus aureus in manufactured kareish cheese. Nisin was effective in reducing S. aureus count in cheese; a reduction of S. aureus count was observed from the 2nd day of storage period. S. aureus in kareish cheese decreased gradually from 4x108 to (8×107, 6.5×107, 5.8×107 CFU/gm.) in the 1st week till reached at the end of storage period of the 4th week to (4 ×104, 1.1×103, 1×102 CFU/gm.) for cheese containing (0, 10 and 12.5 ppm) of nisin, respectively during manufacture and storage for a month in the refrigerator at 4 ˚C. The data obtained in this study suggested that the use of nisin-containing cheese can be an effective method of controlling the growth and multiplication of S. aureus in cheese.

E coli infection in poultry is one of the principle causes of mortality and morbidity in chickens and turkeys resulting in retardation of growth and decreased feed conversion rate . The most common form of collibacillosis is characterized as an initial respiratory infection (air sacculitis) followed by generalized septicemia, perihepatitis and pericarditis. The present study aimed to identify the bacteria associated with pericarditis , airsacculitis and perihapatitis in Egyptian broiler chickens. A total 300 samples of diseased and dead broilers from 3-6 weeks age were collected. The isolated bacteria included E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp. And Enterobacter spp. Sero-grouping of the isolated E. coli strains revealed O125, O158, O55,O129, O20 , O6 , O8 , O27, O115, O142 and un-typed strains with prevalence of 16%, 12%, 8%, 8%, 8% , 8% , 8% , 8% ,4%,4% and 16% respectively. The majority of E coli isolates were sensitive to colistin sulphate (38%) and Norofloxacin (38%) followed by ciprofloxacin (19%), cefotaxim (19%) and Ofloxacin (19%). On the other hand, E coli were resistant (100%)to amoxicillin, clindamycin , Erythromycin and streptomycin. PCR analysis for antibiotic resistance genes of E coli detected that 12 serogroups isolates were positive using the specific primers for Aada2 , BlaCTX and TetA(A) genes. The current study demonstrated the high prevalence of E. coli indeed broilers suffered from pericarditis , perihepatitis and airsacculitis . Measures are needed to control E. coli contamination in poultry farms to reduce economic losses caused by infection of E.coli.

Bacterial disease still has serious problem in the intensive poultry production. In the recent years, particular concern has been raised by high incidence of poultry infections by E. coli. Analyses of antibacterial properties of essential oils have been carried out by range of researches. This experiment aimed to study the effect of immunomodulators on the immunogenicity of vaccine E. coli O78. In this study 250 broiler chickens were used. They were divided into 5 separated groups all groups vaccinated with E. coli O78 cebel coarse spray vaccine, except control group, 2 groups treated with immunomodulators, 3 groups challenged with untyped E. coli strain, all chickens housed in separated anavar. First group was control, 2nd group was vaccinated only, 3rd group was vaccinated and challenged, 4th group was vaccinated and received immunomodulators and 5th group was vaccinated, received immunomodulators and challenged. All chickens were observed daily food consumption, weight gained mortality rate, lesion, bioavailability, and weekly collected blood samples from 2-5 birds. The results were summarized as follows; immunomodulators have positive effect on B.W.G, decreased mortality and morbidity rate. The challenge enhanced the effect of E. coli O78 vaccine and there was marked improvement in bioavailability, B.W.G and immune defense against bacterial and respiratory diseases. Also, immunomodulators increased immunogenicity against bacterial disease through enhancing immune response system, and had synergistic effect with vaccination against E. coli.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of virgin olive oil on some blood parameters in male Albino rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, (90-110 g), were used in the present study and were divided into three groups (10 in each), 1st group (control), received basal diet and supplemented with 1ml saline. 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, and supplemented daily with 1ml/100gm B.W and 2ml/100 gm B.W of virgin olive oil (VOO), respectively. Blood samples were collected weekly from all rats. Whole blood was obtained for determination of some haematological parameters, while sera were collected for the assay of T3 and T4 hormone.