A severe outbreak of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) was recorded in 30 chicken flocks in different districts in Sharkia governorate during 2019, with high mortalities (up to 30%) and severe immunosuppression. Attempts to control IBD by an antiviral iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite was conducted. Eighty 21-day-old Baladi broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups. Group A; served as the negative control group, group B; was the challenge control group, group C; was the nanocomposite treatment group, and group D; received nanocomposite. The treatment contained 1 mg/ 100ml IC50 of iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite via the oral route administered for 3 days post-infection (PI). Results revealed that the iron oxide chitosan nanocomposite nano-size was 35.1±5nm with a stable state, zeta potentials16.8 ± 10.9, the PDI 0.91 and iron concentration in nanocomposite was 2625 mg/L. The virus shedding showed a significant decrease (P

Campylobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic enteric disease that poses a threat to both human health and animal productivity. Poultry is known as the primary reservoir of Campylobacter, and 90% of human Campylobacteriosis is caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. This is complicated by the worldwide emergence of Campylobacter strains that are resistant to commonly used antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter coli isolated from cloacal swabs collected from broilers and layers in Mwanza and Arusha, Tanzania. We collected 402 cloacal swabs from broilers and layers. Then, samples were enriched into Bolton Broth supplemented with 5% laked horse blood. Campylobacter was isolated and confirmed by PCR. Antibiogram was done by disk diffusion method using six antibiotics i.e., ampicillin, nalidixic acid, gentamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Of the 402 samples, 31 (7.71%) were confirmed to be Campylobacter coli by PCR. In Mwanza, the overall prevalence was 6.5% (6% and 7% in broilers and layers, respectively), while in Arusha, the overall prevalence was 8.9% (10.8% and 7% in broilers and layers, respectively). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 80.6%, 16.1%, 9.7%, 9.7%, 6.5%, and 3.2% were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin, respectively. The rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to at least one antimicrobial was 100%. Eight out of thirty-one (12.9%) isolates were multi-drug-resistant to four different antimicrobial compounds, each with different patterns. Wise use of existing antimicrobials is necessary to curb the increasing trend of AMR strains.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has serious animal welfare and economic consequences worldwide. In mammals, this stealthy intracellular pathogen causes abortion and infertility, and in humans, it produces a terrible febrile illness that can progress into a long-term condition with serious implications. The pathogenicity of brucellae is based on their ability to survive and replicate in host cells, which allows them to escape from the immune system. The gold standard test for diagnosis, which demands competence, is still isolation and identification. Advancements in diagnostic procedures and screening of recently infected animals are required to achieve effective control. Despite their drawbacks, the most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and relevant abortions in cattle are B. abortus strains S19 and RB51 and in small ruminants is B. melitensis Rev1. However, there are no safe vaccine candidates for humans. Therefore, it is critical needs to improve vaccine production using advanced techniques such as subunit vaccines that are both effective and safe. Studying the overview of the Brucella immune response mechanism and advances in the diagnosis procedures allow more understanding of effective control strategies. The current review provides an overview on the immune response and updates on the diagnosis and control of brucellosis based on published literature on different search engines

The current study aimed to evaluate the objectivity of the vertebral heart scale in the right, left, and generalized cardiomegaly. The correlation between vertebral heart scale and cardiomegaly was determined by conventional methods using a detailed evaluation form of vertebral heart scale and main stem bronchus spine distance measurements and radiographic findings. For this reason, a detailed radiographic evaluation form, including cardiac shape alterations, tracheal displacement, the ratio of the width of the heart to the thorax, and effusive findings due to cardiac failure, was compiled to provide gradation and detection of both-sided alterations in latero-lateral and dorso-ventral view. X-rays of 189 symptomatic dogs with cardiac disorders were included in the study and evaluated by experienced staff. X-ray findings were classified as left-right and both-sided enlargement and graded as mild, moderate, or severe enlargement. Using statistical analysis, the vertebral heart scale method was found to be correlated with findings of left and generalized enlargement, and a significant difference was found between the moderate and severe class (respectively P

Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been gaining acceptance in agriculture applications as alternatives to incandescent light sources. Daylength intensity and spectral wavelength are important in poultry production and also, in some cases, serve as the only mean of light in some facilities. Therefore, Large White turkey hens of the same strain were reared to market weights using two different housing facilities in combination with different LED light treatments. Each treatment within the environmentally controlled facility (ECF) consisted of four replicate rooms, 16 rooms total in the facility. LED bulbs consisted of 5,000 Kelvin (K) or 2,700K LED in conjunction with a high or low foot-candle (FC) intensity level. Daylength was fixed at 14L:10D. Additionally, birds were reared in a natural curtain-sided facility (6 replicate pens) with exposure to natural light with a 75W incandescent bulb to maintain daylength consistency with the ECF. Performance parameters were measured at 0, 5th, 9th, and 12th week (wk) of age. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and right eye measurements were taken at the 5th and 9th wk of age. Feather coverage was assessed at the 9th and 12th wk old as indicators of bird wellbeing. Novelty interactions for visual or nutritional items were recorded at 7th wk old. Spectral output within the same Kelvin temperature was significantly altered during dimming to achieve intensity levels. There were mixed performance results; however, cumulatively, birds reared under LED lighting, regardless of LED type or intensity level, had consistently increased body weight. Bird wellbeing was altered under 5,000K LED in combination with 2 FC as measured by a significant elongation of the anterior-posterior distance. However, the same effect was not measured in the 5,000K, 10 FC treatment, or in the 2,700K treatments, regardless of FC measurement. There were no differences among treatments for T3, feather coverage, or latency to approach or interact with novel items. When LED lights are used in environmentally controlled facilities, coupled with novelty interactions, birds maintained and excelled in performance parameters when compared to birds reared with natural light and ventilation conditions.

The increase in the house fly population (Musca domestica) indicates pollution from chicken farms due to the chicken feces produced. The house fly population from farms can be reduced by using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, but the exact number of BSF larvae has yet to be discovered to reduce the house fly population. This study aims to determine the presence of BSF larvae in chicken feces waste media in inhibiting the population of house flies. The research sample used 7-day-old BSF larvae from fishing for BSF flies from nature using organic waste to lay eggs and produce larvae. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment without the addition of larvae (P0), 100 grams (P1), 200 grams (P2) and 300 grams (P3) into 1 kg of chicken feces stocked in a 50 cm x 50 cm container. The variable observed was the number of house flies perched on each treatment's feces. The results showed that the number of flies that landed on chicken feces with the addition of 0 g, 100 g, 200 g, and 300 g BSF larvae was 34.3312.09, 22.3310.21, 16.33 2.08 tails, 11.002.64 individuals. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was found that the population of the house fly was significantly reduced (P0.05) between the addition of 0 grams of BSF larvae, 100 grams, 200 grams and 300 grams. The results of the study concluded that the more BSF larvae added, the less population of house flies perched around chicken feces. The presence of BSF larvae weighing 200 g per kg of chicken feces can reduce the population of flies that perch on chicken feces by 52%.

The leaves of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) are a plant thought to have antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of Bandotan leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study used a stock extract of Bandotan leaves from the Pharmacology Laboratory and a bacterial isolate of P. aeruginosa in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, which was identified by Gram staining, indole test, Methyl Red test, and confectionery test. The research method was carried out by planting the re-identified bacterial isolates on Nutrient Broth (NB) media, incubated at 37C for 24 hours. Then the turbidity composition of the isolates was arranged to match the turbidity in 0.5 McFarland solution. Furthermore, the sensitivity test of the extract on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media was carried out by levelling the bacterial isolates on the surface of the media and attaching a disc containing bandotan leaf extract with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and gentamicin disk as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. All treatments were incubated at 37C for 24 hours, and then the inhibition zone was measured using millimeters (mm) callipers. The results showed that concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75%, respectively, had an inhibition zone of 8.16 mm, 9.82 mm, and 16.08 mm, respectively. In contrast, the average inhibition zone for gentamicin was 25, 30 mm and 0 mm distilled water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bandotan leaf extract is sensitive to growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa bacteria.

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or hyaline membrane disease is the most frequent cause of respiratory failure and mortality in preterm infants. As a result, many infants are brought to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). There may also be other factors that affect the incidence rate of RDS as well. Our research goals are to find out the incidence rate of RDS among three preterm groups and its related factors. In a cross-sectional-descriptive analytical study, newborn data was gathered and assessed by using hospital medical records. One hundred forty-two preterm infants with gestational age 36 weeks were hospitalized in the NICU. All participants were divided into three groups: extremely preterm ( 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), and moderate-to-late preterm (32 to 36 weeks). The frequency of RDS and some related factors were compared among three groups. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between variables by SPSS statistics software version 19. The level of significance was considered P 0.05. Respiratory distress syndrome was observed in 64.68% of all participants; RDS is more common in infants within 28-32 weeks of gestation (81%), while infants with 28 weeks of gestation and 33-36 weeks of gestation have lower rates (50% and 52 Our study shows a positive correlation between birthweight and RDS as well as between birthweight and gestational age. (P value: 0.001, 0.003). Infants between 28 to 32 gestational age have a higher risk of RDS. The risk of RDS also increases in low birth weight and male infants.

The COVID-19 cases in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi, have has risen significantly daily. This significant increase in cases illustrates that the people are less than optimal in complying with the health protocols established by the government. This phenomenon concluded that public compliance in efforts to prevent COVID-19 has a vital role in preventing the spread. This study aims to describe the level of compliance towards prevention efforts of COVID-19 in the community. We use a descriptive survey method with probability sampling techniques to obtain the data. The subjects in this study were the community of Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Regency, who were17 years old with a sample size of 400 samples. Collecting data using a questionnaire in a validated form and distributed to the public via social media. The data analysis in this study is the frequency distribution analysis (univariate analysis). The results of this study shown were that 172 respondents (43.0%) had a good level of compliance, 146 respondents (36.5%) had a sufficient level of adherence, and as many as 82 respondents (20.5%) had a good level of compliance to prevent COVID-19 spreads.

This study aims to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in rendang meat, fried chicken, fried fish, and omelets, as well as in the hands of food handlers in the Food Management Place (TPM). Ulee Lheue Sea Port by using laboratory tests. The study used five samples of food and five samples of food handlers' hands taken from the Food Management Place (TPM) of Ulee Lheue Seaport. Bacterial analysis on food samples in the laboratory using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Meanwhile, the Replicate Organism Direct Agar Contact (RODAC) method was used to examine food handlers' hands. Laboratory tests resulted from five food samples and five food handlers' hand samples that Salmonella sp. was found in omelets, and Staphylococcus aureus was found in beef rendang, fried chicken, fried fish, omelets, and hand samples of food handlers. It is necessary to conduct hygiene and environmental sanitation counseling at TPM around Port of Ulee Lheue.