Objective: This study aimed to make an inventory of animal diseases that affect milk production and the plants locally used against these diseases. Materials and methods: A survey was carried out from April to August 2013 in 41 farms in department of Collines, 40 in Alibori, 40 in Borgou and 21 in Mono using questionnaires. SAS software was used with Chi-square test and bilateral Z test. Results: The study revealed twelve main pathologies that limit milk production. Among these pathologies, foot-and-mouth disease and trypanosomiasis were the most mentioned pathologies. To fight these pathologies, 60 medicinal plants of 32 families were recorded. The most cited families were Leguminosae (31.67%), Combretaceae (6.67%), Meliaceae (5%) and Rubiaceae (5%), whereas the predominant species used by animal keepers were Khaya senagalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Securidaca longipedunculata. The 60 listed species were used in 85 recipes which varied from one department and farmer to another. The most used organs were plant barks (41.06%) and roots (31.13%), while the most common methods of preparation were decoction (37.5%), maceration (32.5%) and powders (22.5%). Oral route was the main route of administration. Conclusion: The inventory has shown that the important pathologies are foot-and-mouth disease and trypanosomiasis. This needs immediate actions. Barks and roots were the commonly employed plant organs used as infusion (decoction and maceration) and powder that farmers administer orally to animals. The harvest did not require a special season or time. Furthermore, farmers inherited most of these recipes from their parents and they use them because of their effectiveness. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(1.000): 1-14]

Objective: This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. in ice cream sold at Qena city (Egypt) with special reference to H. pylori, and to study the antimicrobial effect of mastic gum essential oil on H. pylori. Materials and methods: A total of 60 small and large scale ice cream samples (30 each) were investigated for the presence of Helicobacter spp. Then, the essential oil of mastic gum was added to lab prepared ice cream inoculated with H. pylori isolate in a count of Log6 using 2 concentrations of 0.8 and 1.6% and one group was kept as a control group. Each group was subdivided into 2 sub-groups; one was kept at -5°C and another one was kept at -20°C. Results: Helicobacter spp. could be isolated from 11.7%, while, H. pylori could be found in 3.3% of the total examined ice cream samples. Regarding the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of mastic gum essential oil added to lab prepared ice cream, in samples kept at -5°C it was found that after hardening the count fall into Log5 in both control and 0.8% groups and log4 in 1.6% essential mastic oil concentration. Reduction in H. pylori at the first week and third day of storage reached 100% where H. pylori couldn’t be counted or isolated from both 0.8 and 1.6% concentrations, respectively. While in ice cream samples stored at -20°C, the reduction in H. pylori load was rapid at first, it was log4 and log3 in groups of 0.8% and 1.6% concentrations, respectively versus log5 in control samples. At the third day H. pylori was not able to be counted or isolated at third day of storage for both concentrations. Conclusion: All isolates recovered from small scale ice cream samples reflexing the hygienic conditions under which samples were produced. Mastic gum essential oil exhibited a powerful anti-H. pylori effect recommending its addition to food matrix for therapeutic purposes or as a functional food. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(2.000): 132-139]

Objective: This study was conceived to investigate the pathogenicity of relapsed (Diminazene aceturate-resistant), field (original) and mixed (relapsed and field) isolates of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in rats. Materials and methods: Twenty eight healthy adult albino rats of both sexes weighing between 149-177 gm were used to compare the pathogenicity of relapsed, field and the mixed isolates of T. brucei brucei infections. The rats were separated into four groups (A-D); where, group A was kept as uninfected control, and group B was infected with 1x103 trypanosomes of the field isolate and 1x103 trypanosomes of the diminazene aceturate resistant isolate. The rats of groups C and D were infected with 1x106 trypanosomes of the diminazene aceturate-resistant isolate and 1x106 trypanosomes of the field isolate, respectively. Results: The infected rats became parasitemic within 4 to 8 days post-infection. The mean pre-patent periods (PP) were 4.1&plusmn;1.1, 6.0&plusmn;2.0 and 9.1&plusmn;1.1 days in groups B, C and D respectively, while the mean survival time (ST) in groups B, C and D were 21.4&plusmn;10.1, 27.1&plusmn;13.2 and 34.0 &plusmn;12.8 days, respectively. The PP and ST were shortest (P<0.05) in group B (mixed infections), and level of parasitemia was higher (P<0.05) in group B (mixed infections) as compared to groups C and D. The level of anemia was comparable (P>0.05) in groups C and D and more severe (P<0.05) in group B. Conclusion: Mixed infections exhibit shortest PP, ST, higher level of parasitemia and more severe anemia, and appear to be more pathogenic. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(1.000): 97-103]

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of infectious diseases in Sonali chickens at Bogra Sadar Upazila, Bogra, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 258 sick and dead Sonali chickens were examined for the diagnosis of different infectious diseases based on history, clinical findings and postmortem lesions of dead and sacrificed birds. Results: Infectious Bursal disease (IBD) was recorded in 14.72% (n=38/258) cases. Similarly, Newcastle disease (ND), Coccidiosis, Colibacillosis and Mycoplasmosis were recorded in 11.24% (n=29/258), 13.95% (n=36/258), 14.72% (n=38/258), 12.79% (n=33/258) cases, respectively. Mixed infection of IBD, ND and Coccidiosis found in 16.67% (n=43/258) birds. On the other hand, mixed infection of IBD, ND and colibacillosis was recorded in 15.89% (n=41/258) cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that several infectious diseases are commonly present in Sonali chicken in the study area of Bangladesh. Mixed infections are more prevalent as compared to single infection. Proper hygienic management and appropriate vaccination should be taken in consideration for effective control the diseases. Further microbiological and molecular diagnoses are suggested for detail studies of these diseases and their pathogens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(1.000): 39-44]

Objective: Postoperative complication of extramural ectopic ureters (EEUs) with persistent urinary incontinence (UI) is common in Siberian Huskies. This case report was aimed at reporting the successful correction procedure of EEU in Siberian Huskies by surgical procedure. Materials and methods: A three-month-old and weighing 7.9 kg Siberian Husky dog was presented with history of an acute dermatitis around the genitals, swelling of the genitals and dribbling urination. Abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography, and 3D computed tomography scanning revealed presence of the ectopic ureter with urinary incontinence. Ureteroneocystostomy was applied as the first choice of corrective procedure in this case, and clinical sings were corrected apparently after surgery. Unfortunately, UI with cystitis was developed two months postoperatively. To correct the condition, surgical procedure of colposuspension with ovarianhystectomy and cystopexy was opted. Results: Post-operative progression showed good prognosis and the dog recovered fully. Follow up checkup of the patient after 4 months postoperative and follow up phone call 27 months later did not reveal any abnormalities. Conclusion: This case report recommends surgical procedure of modified colposuspension following ureteroneocystostomy to correct EEUs and its postoperative complication. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(3.000): 301-306]

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic potency of marigold flower (Calendula officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome paste in wound healing. Materials and methods: Thirty six aseptic surgical wounds were tooled in six non-pregnant black Bengal goats dividing them in 3 groups. Month long information and follow-up examinations along with complications such as edema, wound dehiscence, suture abscess, exudation etc. were studied. Wound healing was assessed by observing some morphological characters as well as histopathological changes of the wounded area. Results: Results revealed that negligible elevation of suture line (1.17±0.11 mm) and significant (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(4.000): 333-342]

Objective: Cattle are regarded as the principle reservoir of O157 and non-O157 shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). Spreading of the STEC to human is primarily happens through contaminated meat, milk and their byproducts. The present study was aimed to explore the occurrence of STEC in the rectal swab of apparently healthy cattle. Materials and methods: A total of 60 E. coli isolates that were previously isolated from the rectal swab of cattle were used in this study. DNA were extracted from the isolates and screened by PCR to detect E. coli stx (stx1, stx2), ehxA and rfbO157 genes. Representative amplicons of the PCR products were sequenced. The prevalence of the STEC was determined based on the detection of STEC specific stx genes. The prevalence data were further analyzed by SPSS to elucidate any difference among different demographic groups of the study population. Results: Overall, 43.33% (n=26/60) of the isolates were found carrying stx genes. Based on the presence of stx and ehxA genes, 6 different types of STEC were identified, of which 20% (n=12/26) were carrying both stx1 and stx2 genes. None of the isolates was positive for rfbO157. The PCR amplicons were sequenced, and the nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession: KM596779-KM596784). Conclusion: In this study, non-O157 STEC were found highly prevalent in the local cattle. This study suggests that the apparently healthy cattle may act as a potential source of STEC infection for humans. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(2.000): 194-199]

Objective: This study envisages dynamics and factors affecting fecal oocyst counts (FOC) in natural infection in goats in semi-arid India. Materials and methods: A total of 1152 fecal samples from Jamunapari goats in semi-arid India were collected, processed and examined for fecal oocysts over a period of 3 years for prevalence and severity of the disease through FOC using modified Mc Master Technique. The log transformed FOC data on 912 animals from 59 sires were used for subsequent analyses for genetic and non-genetic factors affecting FOC. Fixed effects included were years of collection (1-3), seasons of collection (summer, rainy, winter), sex (male, female), age group (0-3, >3-6, >6-12, adults). Least squares analysis of variance for fitting constant was applied to data set. Results: The overall prevalence of coccidian infection in goats was 86.71%(n=999/1162). Highest incident was found in winter season (91.74%) and >6-12 M age (97.95%). Eimeria arloingi and E. ninakohlyakimovae were the most frequently occurring species. The heritability of FOC was found to be 0.06&plusmn;0.06. The effect of sire on FOC was not significant; however, effects of animal age, year, season of collection and sex on FOC were found to be significant. Conclusion: Coccidiosis in goats is seasonally occurring disease, most commonly affecting animals of less than one year age. FOC in coccidiosis affected animals is lowly inherited trait for selection of goat against this disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(1.000): 52-57]

Objective: This case report describes the surgical management of a clinical case of sertoli cell tumor in a Lhasa Apso breed of dog Materials and methods: A 4-year old sexually intact Lhasa apso was presented with complaints of alopecia, shivering, reduced appeteite and swelling of the inguinal region. The dog was subjected to thorough physical, Hematological, Histopathological and Radiographic evaluations. Results: The vital parameters were within normal values. Hematological analysis revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia as the common findings. Abdominal radiography showed a soft tissue mass in the inguinal region. Histopathology revealed testicular hypoplasia with poorly developed seminiferous tubule with no discernible lumen or spermatozoa and several proliferating sertoli cells on the lining of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules which is diagnostic of sertoli cell tumor. Decision to surgically excise the tumor was arrived at. The anesthetic protocol involved premedication with atropine sulphate dosed at 0.04 mg/kg bwt and xylazine dosed at 2 mg/kg bwt intramuscularly (IM). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol dosed at 6 mg/kg bwt intravenously (IV). The tumor mass was surgically excised. Broad spectrum antibiotics (penstrep) and analgesic (pentazocine) were administered for 5 days IM. Conclusion: The condition of the dog improved remarkably and it was discharged on postoperative day 10. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(4.000): 394-398]

Objecitve: Maggot wound is common in domestic and pet animals but report on maggot wound treatment in wildlife species is scanty. The study reported here the surgical and conservative management of maggot wounds including anesthetic protocol and postoperative care in two Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris). Materials and methods: One female and one male tiger were presented with maggot wounds for treatment at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Tigers were anesthetized with combined injection of xylazine (dosed at 1.0 mg/kg bwt, IM) and ketamine hydrochloride (dosed at 3.5 mg/kg bwt, IM). Superficial maggots were removed from wounds using sterile tissue forceps. Gauze soaked in oil of turpentine was allowed to remain in each wound pocket for 5 min for the removal of deep-seated maggots. Finally, wounds were dressed with tincture iodine to clean out the dead tissue debris and to induce inflammation for rapid healing. A single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (dosed at 200 &micro;g/kg bwt, IM) was given in each tiger. In addition, long acting oxytetracycline (dosed at 10 mg/kg bwt, IM) on 48 h interval for six days, chlorpheniramine maleate (dosed at 1 mg/kg bwt, IM) once daily for three days, and ascorbic acid (dosed at 250 mg/tiger, IM) once daily for seven days were administered in both tigers. Results: The tigers were recovered successfully without any complications in two weeks following treatment. Conclusion: Surgical management using oil of turpentine and tincture iodine along with parenteral administration of ivermectin, long acting oxytetracycline and chlorpheniramine maleate are effective for successful management of maggot wounds in Bengal tigers. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2017; 4(1.000): 104-109]