The study was conducted to investigate the effect of add supplement (FCS andE2) on culture media (Ham’s F-10 and DMEM) on in vitro maturation , in vitrofertilization(IVF) and embryo development. This study was conducted at thelaboratories of Theriogenology, Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College ofVeterinary Medicine, Basrah University, during the period extended from January2017 to the end of April 2018. The samples of study were female reproductive systemand male testis (150 Ovaries and 30 testes) collected from (Al-Basrah abattoir house)after slaughter at fifteen minutes. All samples were transported in sterilize and cleancool boxes at (4-8ºC) within 1-2hrs to the center research unit. Oocytes were collectedby aspiration method. Only grad A and B quality oocytes were selected and incubatedin an appropriate maturation medium (Ham’s F-10 and DMEM) at (38.5 C), 5% CO2and 95% relative humidity for 24-28 hrs. Spermatozoa were obtained by slicing ofcaudal epididymal of buffalo's bull. Sperms with matured oocytes were incubated inan appropriate maturation medium at (38.5 C), 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidityfor 16 -20 hrs. then the fertilized ova were re-incubated in fresh media with changes50% of media every day and examined every 24hrs for( 4) days to follow embryonicdevelopment The results showed:There was high significant (P<0.01) difference in the percentage of Oocytesmaturation in Ham’s F-10 and DMEM with supplement (FCS and E2) media groupscompared with control media groups. The results also showed highsignificant(P<0.01) difference in the percentage of Oocytes fertilized in Ham’s F-10 and DMEM supplement (FCS and E2) media groups compared with control mediagroups.

The present study was designed to determine the adverse effect of sodium benzoate(SB), vitamin C (Vit.C) alone and of their combination on reproductive functions inrabbits. Thirty-six adult male rabbits were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group1 (Control group) received orally distal water, group 2: Vit.C (200mg/kg BW/day)received orally, group 3: received orally SB (60 mg/kg BW/day), group 4: received orallySB (120 mg/kg BW/day). Group 5: received orally SB+Vit.C (60+200 mg/ kg BW/day)and group 6: received orally SB+Vit.C (120+200 mg/ kg BW/day). The result revealed asignificant decrease in serum testosterone concentrations in all treated groups ascompared with Vit.C and control group. Significant differences were observed in spermconcentration, viability, abnormality and significant decrease in sperm motility in groupstreated with combination of SB and Vit.C as compared with control. A significantimprovement in sperm concentration, sperm motility, viability and abnormality in G2(Vit.C) group compared with all-treated groups. Histopathological changes in testiculartissues in groups treated with SB+Vit.C showed marked vacuolation and degeneration ofseminiferous tubules, with arresting of spermatogenesis.

This study was designed to assign the effectiveness of experimental epiphysiodesis withphemister technique on the epiphyseal plate of the longest bone in puppies.Eight puppies local breed male , aged between 1.5-2.5 mouths, and weighing 4-6 kg wereused .The animals were divided into two groups ;-The first group was treated in the proximaltibia of epiphyseal plate .with epiphysiodesis and second group treated in the distal tibial ofepiphyseal plate . All animals observed clinically and radiographically for 3 months postoperation .The animal was anesthetized by giving pre-medication with atropin sulphat .0.04mg/kg B.wintramuscullary after 10 minute injection of a mixture of xylazine Hcl 5 mg/kg B.w andketamine Hcl 15 mg/kg B.w .An incision from medial aspectunder knee joint after that separatethe superficial digital flexor muscle and gastrocnemius muscle then remove the osteum by bluntobject . Also high exposure the distal tibia epiphyseal plate above the metatarsal joint. Whencomplete exposure the epiphyseal plate drilling with phemister technique called epiphysiodesis.The clinical and radiographaical results show in two groups the treated limb supporting andcarry the weight in normal position , lameness ,in two days after operation , then disappear forone , two months according the lameness appear again after one and two months of operationin second and first group respectively .The conclusions of this study the epiphysiodesis is very important to correct the deformity oflimb lengthening and shortening in dogs

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of chitosan in the immunopathology of osteomyelitis in diabetic rabbits; therefore, the experimental design was carried out on 40 rabbits. They were  divided into 5 groups each of 8 animals, diabetes mellitus was induced in rabbits , then infected by Staphylococcus aureus and treated as following: First group (G1) was induced diabetes mellitus then immunized by whole sonicated S. aureus antigens (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis. The second group (G2) was induced diabetes mellitus, then immunized by (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Third group (G3) was induced diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis only. Fourth group (G4) was induction of diabetes mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing chitosan. Fifth group (G5) was induced experimentally osteomyelitis only without diabetes mellitus induction. Then at day 28th - 30th post immunization, skin test was performed to each of the immunized groups, and at day 30th the antibodies titer was measured by passive hemagglutination assay and phagocytic activity, then the animals were sacrificed and the treated bone taken for histopathological examination. In the present study , a significant increase was noted in the value of skin thickness of G2 at 48 and 72 hrs PI.  A significant increase was also noted in the value of antibodies titers of G2. We also showed a marked decrease   in the t1/2 of carbon clearance of G2. The histopathological results of G2 showed normal periosteal surface and compact bone with active osteoblasts lining the trabecular bones 30 days PI. However, other groups showed many histopathological lesions like infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in G1, G3, and G4.The results also showed necrotic bone, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in G5. Taken together, these findings indicate that the chitosan had a beneficial effect in bone healing of diabetic animals after infection in S. aureus.

     In the current study, 16 rabbits was divided into two groups.  Animals of Group I (untreated control) were maintained without any treatment. Group 2 animals (treated group), the gentamicin were injected in thigh muscle /I.M. at 25 mg/kg body weight twice a day (morning and evening) for two months. During the experimental period anorexia, emaciation, and death some animals were seen. Histopathological examination showed that there was proliferated of cortical renal tubules cells and degeneration with necrosis of some them as well as congestion of sinusoid in liver and proliferation of bile duct. There was also vacuolated and congestion of myocardial tissue.  In conclusion, the administration of gentamycin for a long time could serve as a source of harm to animal organs such as kidney, liver, bile duct, and heart

  About 50 samples were collected from November 2016 to March 2017 in city of Basra , from healthy farm animals  the samples were taken from feces and rumen of animals  at  different age ( male and female) and study the antibiotics susceptibility for  five different antibiotics.                  . (six) isolates (12%) of  salmonella spp were identified by using selective media ( xylose medium and macConky agar), The identification of this bacteria was achieved by using morphological and biochemical characterization (Api20 E system). The total isolation was four samples (20%) from healthy goats, (10%) from sheep and (10%) from cows.All isolates are resistant for ampicillines and Bacitracin ,penicillines but of sensitivity to other antibiotics.  

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of red laser irradiation on testicular and epididymis tissue. Twenty rabbits, male mature were used in the present study. The animals were divided into four groups. First group as control and second, third and fourth groups exposed to red laser irradiation 5 min, 15 min, 30 min respectively. The histological sample was taken after necropsy method of all experimental animals for preparation slide processes to examine under a light microscope. The result of the experiment showed histological changes induced by exposure the animals to red laser (650nm-10w) which present as versus changes and these pathological changes are directly fit with period of exposure which appears as degeneration, oedematous, hyperemia and necrosis into testicular and epididymis.         

An identified local virulent Egyptian strain of turkey pox virus (TPV) was attenuated on specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) for production of specific turkey pox vaccine. Forty serial passages of the virus were applied on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of SPF ECE, so titration of the serial passages were undergone in which the highest titres (107.0, 107.1 and 107.1 EID50/ml) were recorded for the passages 30, 35 and 40, respectively. The pathogenicity of the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th passages were tested by inoculation in susceptible turkeys. The passage of 30th and 40th passages produced the most acceptable post vaccinal reaction (pvr) beside giving the highest virus titre of the attenuated passages. The selected field dose which gave only takes (swelling of the skin) at the site of injection in susceptible turkeys and withstood challenge with the virulent turkey pox virus one month later was 104.0 EID50/ml. The prepared vaccine tested for sterility, safety and potency tests and proved to be potent for the vaccinated turkeys which resisted the challenge for 9 months post vaccination. Antibody levels in the serum of vaccinated turkeys were estimated by serum neutralization test, where neutralizing antibodies expressed as neutralizing index were appeared from the 1st week (1.0 NI) and reached its peak on the 3rd week (2.2 NI) post vaccination

Nanoparticles have many characteristics that make them suitable for biological and medical applications. Uptake of thesenano particulates into animals and humans bodiesthrough different routes may exhibit potential side effects. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a common additivethat is increasingly used in consumer products, food,pharmaceutical dosage forms and cosmetic articles. In this study, the effects of oral administration of TiO2 nanoparticles (500 mg| kg .bw) for 60 days were investigated on kidney function and histopathological changes. The body weight gain and kidney/body weight ratio showed no significant changes in comparison with control group. There was a significant decrease in total thiol levels in kidney homogenate, the biochemical changes was supported by histopathologicalultration. In conclusion the data shows that the oral administration of TiO2 NPs may lead to renal toxicity in experimental rats.

This work was planned to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from animal and human sources. Ten isolates of E. faecalis recovered from urinary tract infections in humans, as well as, ten isolates of E. faecalis were recovered from diarrheic dairy cattle studied for their antimicrobial sensitivity to 7 different antibacterial agents. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern proved that most isolates were resistant to most of the tested antimicrobial agents. All isolates of human E. faecalis were 100 % resistant to rifamycin, gentamicin and penicillin G. Resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and vancomycin was 80.0%, 90.0%, 90.0% and 70.0% respectively. However animal E. faecalis were completely (100%) resistant to penicillin G and ciprofloxacin. Resistance to gentamicin, amikacin, levofloxacin, rifamycin and vancomycin was 70.0%, 40.0%, 20.0%, 20.0% and 0.0% respectively. PCR was applied on MDR for detection of aminoglycosides resistance genes. All human E. faecalis isolates were negative for aph(2‖)-Ia, aph(2‖)-Ib, aph(2‖)-Ic and aph(2‖)-Id. 40.0% of isolates were proved to harbour aph(3‖)-IIIa and 10.0% (one isolate) harboured ant(4‖)-Ia. However all animal E. faecalis isolates were negative for aph (2‖)-Ib, aph(2‖)-Ic, aph(2‖)-Id. Two isolates (20.0%) harboured aph(2‖)-Ia and ant(4‖)-Ia and four isolates (40.0%) harboured aph(3‖)-IIIa. In conclusion, the increased antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis isolated from animal and human sources complicate treatment decisions and increase public health hazard.