The impact of surgical correction of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles (CCDS) on the 3-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the canine stifle has been sparsely evaluated. Tightrope (TR) cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) has been proposed to restore baseline 3D kinematics in CCDS by using isometric points. We hypothesized that TR would restore baseline 3D kinematics of the stifle in our model. Ten pelvic limbs were used with a previously validated apparatus. Three experimental conditions were evaluated: i) intact stifle, ii) cranial cruciate ligament transection (CCLt), and iii) CCLt stabilized with TR; kinematic data was recorded. Tightrope CCL in CCDS did not limit sagittal flexion. Tightrope CCL neutralized internal rotation without restoring baseline curves, but it did not restore abduction, nor did it neutralize or restore cranial translation, but it did restore latero-medial and proximo-distal translations. In our model, TR without pre-conditioning of the FiberTape strands did not restore baseline stifle 3D kinematics and residual cranial translation could result in frequent meniscal tears.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that once-daily oral administration of atenolol would attenuate the heart rate response to isoproterenol for 24 hours. ANIMALS 20 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted. Dogs were assigned to receive atenolol (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) or a placebo for 5 to 7 days. After a washout period of 7 days, dogs then received the other treatment. Heart rate at rest (HRr) and heart rate induced by administration of isoproterenol (HRi) as a constant rate infusion (0.2 μg/kg/min for 5 to 7 minutes) were obtained by use of ECG 0, 0.25, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after administration of the final dose of atenolol or the placebo. A mixed-model ANOVA was used to evaluate effects of treatment, time after drug or placebo administration, treatment-by-time interaction, period, and sequence on HRr and HRi. RESULTS Effects of sequence or period were not detected. There was a significant effect of treatment and the treatment-by-time interaction on HRi. Atenolol significantly attenuated HRi for 24 hours but did so maximally at 3 hours (least squares mean ± SE, 146 ± 5 beats/min and 208 ± 5 beats/min for atenolol and placebo, respectively). The effect at 24 hours was small (193 ± 5 beats/min and 206 ± 5 beats/min for atenolol and placebo, respectively). Atenolol had a small but significant effect on HRr. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study of healthy dogs receiving atenolol supported a recommendation for a dosing interval < 24 hours.

OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of esophageal insufflation CT (EICT) for evaluation of the esophagus in dogs. ANIMALS 7 clinically normal adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized twice with 1 week between anesthesia sessions. Dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency during all CT scans. During the first anesthesia session, a CT scan was performed before the esophagus was insufflated (insufflation pressure, 0 mm Hg) and unenhanced and contrast-enhanced EICT scans were performed after CO(2) was insufflated into the esophageal lumen to achieve a pressure of 5 mm Hg. For the contrast-enhanced scan, each dog received iohexol (600 mg/kg, IV), and the scan was performed 30 seconds later. During the second anesthesia session, unenhanced and contrast-enhanced EICT scans were performed in the same manner except the insufflation pressure achieved was 10 mm Hg. The esophageal luminal cross-sectional area and wall thickness were measured at each of 5 segments, and mean values were compared among the 3 insufflation pressures and between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. RESULTS Mean esophageal luminal cross-sectional area increased and esophageal wall thickness decreased as insufflation pressure increased. Measurements did not differ significantly between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images. The stomach became distended with CO(2) at an insufflation pressure of 10 mm Hg but not at 5 mm Hg. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested EICT was feasible for esophageal evaluation in dogs. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal insufflation pressure for the procedure and its diagnostic efficacy in diseased patients.

OBJECTIVE To assess effects of nitrogen and helium on efficacy of an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) for improving pulmonary mechanics and oxygen exchange in anesthetized horses. ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Horses were anesthetized twice in a randomized crossover study. Isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency were ventilated with 30% oxygen and 70% nitrogen (treatment N) or heliox (30% oxygen and 70% helium; treatment H) as carrier gas. After 60 minutes, an ARM was performed. Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure was identified and maintained for 120 minutes. Throughout the experiment, arterial blood pressures, heart rate, peak inspiratory pressure, dynamic compliance (C(dyn)), and Pao(2) were measured. Variables were compared with baseline values and between treatments by use of an ANOVA. RESULTS The ARM resulted in significant increases in Pao(2) and C(dyn) and decreases in the alveolar-arterial gradient in the partial pressure of oxygen in all horses. After the ARM and during the subsequent 120-minute phase, mean values were significantly lower for treatment N than treatment H for Pao2 and C(dyn). Optimal positive end-expiratory pressure was consistently 15 cm H(2)O for treatment N, but it was 10 cm H(2)O (4 horses) and 15 cm H(2)O (2 horses) for treatment H.

The objective of this study was to assess veterinarians' understanding of nutraceutical use in humans and companion animals and their motivation and circumstances for recommending nutraceuticals to clients. We administered a cross-sectional survey to veterinarians attending continuing education sessions at the University of Georgia (USA) College of Veterinary Medicine from 2012 to 2015 (N = 126). Information regarding veterinarians' age, year of graduation, practice focus, and typical approaches to nutraceutical use was compiled from the returned surveys. The results indicated that veterinarians are more familiar with nutraceutical use in animals than in humans and primarily recommend nutraceuticals to their clients for preventative purposes and/or due to client interest. Veterinarians believed that nutraceuticals were most useful for osteoarthritis and therefore use omega-3 fatty acid and glucosamine/chondroitin products more often than other products for both their patients and their own pets. Safety and efficacy were the most important considerations when deciding which nutraceuticals to recommend to clients. The survey results show that veterinarians are familiar with nutraceuticals and open to their use in patients when they perceive these products to be safe and efficacious.

&nbsp;This study was conducted at poultry house in the Veterinary medicine college,University of Basrah ,with period 1/11/2017 - 5/12/2017 .The present work aimedto evaluate the effect of using three types of drinking water on broiler chicksperformance and some blood traits .A total of 90 Ross strain broiler chicks, one dayold, used in this study. The chicks were randomly distributed into three groups; 30chicks for each group with three replicate of each group .The treated groups T1(chicks drinking Tab water ) ,T2 chicks drinking magnetically treated water by device1500 Gauss , and T3chicks drinking RO water .The present study , showedsignificant effect (p&lt;0.05) in live body weight ,weight gain, feed conversion ratioand feed intake of treated groups(T2 &amp;T3) compared with T1 (control group) , Alsothe current study showed significantly rise (p&lt;0.05) on RBC,WBC,HB and PCV ratio in T2 and T3 compared with T1(tab water) &nbsp;

This study was undertaken to isolate alkaloids from Haloxylon Salicornicum plant to show the curative effect after short-term daily orall administration for 10 days (300 mg/Kg B.W.) on gastric ulcer,hematological parameters and some biochemical parameters in gastric ulceration rabbits induced by indomethacin.Moreover,some qualitative chemical analysis,thin layer chromatography,UVspectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify alkaloid compound .Rabbits were divided randomly into three groups,6 rabbits in each.Group one received 3 ml normal saline orally (control group).Group two was treated with indomethacin (75 mg/Kg B.W.) (gastric ulceration group).Third group gastric ulceration rabbits post-treated with isolated alkaloid (300 mg/Kg B.W.).The results of the present study indicated that isolated alkaloid has Rf= 0.86,high significant decreased (p&le;0.001) in RBC,Hb,PCVand mucin,(P &le; 0.01) in MCHC and PH,no significant difference (P &ge; 0.05) in MCH in gastric ulceration rabbits compared with control group and observed high significant increased (p&le;0.001) in MCV, MDA and gastric juce volume,WBCcount appeared high significant increased (P&le;0.01).While, observed high significant increased(P&le; 0.001) in Hb,PCVand mucin,(P&le; 0.01) in RBC,MCHC and pH.Significant increased(P&le;0.05) in MCH after treated with isolated alkaloid and high significantly decrease (P &le; 0.001)in MCV,gastric juce volume and MDA &nbsp; and significant decrease (p&le;0.05) inWBC count compared with gastric ulceration group .This study concluded that isolated alkaloid from Haloxylon Salicoricum plant can be used to treat gastric ulcer effectively . &nbsp;&nbsp;

The study designed to investigates the anatomical and histological structures of the thymus gland in broiler chick embryos. &nbsp;Ten healthy, normal embryos at 12th and 20th days old chick embryos was used, divided into five embryos for each age. The thymus was well developed at 12th day chick embryo, Anatomically consisted of 6-8 lobes which are similar in both sides .small, translucent bean shaped lobes that became pale in color at 20th day old embryo, these lobes located in both sides of the neck, positioned parallel to the jugular vein and vagus nerve. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Histological structures of thymus gland were composed of capsule, cortex and medulla.&nbsp; At 12th day old of chick embryo the thymus was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule, which septa extends into the gland stroma to form a lobulation for each lobe, the cortex and medulla was not differentiated at this age. At 20th day old chicks embryo, the lobules start to recognize and composed of external dark stained cortex with a high population of lymphocytes and internal light stained medulla with less abundant of lymphocytes , reticular fiber and epithelial reticular cells with the appearance of Hassall's corpuscles.

Postpartum an estrus in cows is regarded as one of the most important causes of functional infertility after parturition during reproductive lifespan. Therefor the present study was conducted to induce fertile estrus in anestrus cows which suffered from inactive ovaries (IO) or persistent corpus luteum(PCL) after parturition. The results of current study showed the efficiency of using GnRH or FSH as a hormonal medication to induce fertile estrus with pregnancy which reach 71.42 and 72.22 % respectively, as well as decreasing the length of days open (DO) to lesser than 150 day in both programs in 70.00 and 76.92 % respectively from induced estrus cows. Also the results revealed that the role of PGF2&alpha; in induction of fertile estrus with 83.33% of pregnancy in cows which suffered from postpartum PCL and decrease the length of DO in 80.00% from induced estrus cows. The present study improved the efficacy of uterine massage (UM) through rectal palpation to treat cases of PCL in postpartum anestrus cows with 71.42% of pregnancy, and its effect to decrease the length of DO in 60.00% from induced estrus cows.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Ticks are an important external parasite have a mechanical affect through an imbibing blood of the host and transferring a pathogenic bacteria or a virus. The present &nbsp;study was focusing on the isolation of bacteria from the ticks parasitized cattle in north of Basra city,This study was conducted in north of Basrah (Qurna district) from February to July 2017Atotal number of 80cattle parasitized with ticks were samplesIsolated ticks were identified as Hyalomma to recognize what types of bacteria might be existed in these ticks, some of the cultures and biochemical tests were used. As a consequence, Staphylococcus aureus being identified in 14 of cattle sampled that infected with ticks. Regarded to present study, Staphylococcus aureusis one of the most pathogenic bacteria that can have an &nbsp;impact on an animal health production and&nbsp; this study that conducted from little studies in Iraq especially in Basrah about diagnosis of bacterial infection from Ticks. &nbsp;