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Characterization of dairy farms in a family-farm system in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre State, Western Amazon 全文
2023
Luane Pereira Linhares | Eduardo Mitke Brandão Reis | Marcos Aurélio Lopes | Camilla Birenbaum Nobile | Antonia Valcemira Domingos de Oliveira
National dairy production is characterized by significant heterogeneity in production techniques and herd and farmer profiles. Our objective was to characterize 18 dairy farms under family farming in Senador Guiomard, Acre State, from January to December 2019. Data were gathered through 255 question semi-structured forms applied to farmers in monthly visits. The data were then stored in Excel® spreadsheets and subjected to descriptive statistics. A joint analysis showed the following characteristics: farmers with low schooling level (89%); farmers of advanced age (61%); nonadoption of good dairy practices (100%); inadequate milk transport (72%); adequate brucellosis vaccination (100%); non specialized herds (40%); pasture production system (100%); low productivity per area (873 L/ha/year) and per cow (4.0 liters/cow/day); low number of lactating cows (53%); and gross milk income (29,466.65 R$/year) representing 69% of the total gross income. The region studied has positive factors such as market guarantees, proximity to large market centers, reasonable land prices, suitable climate, ease of credit, rural education, and technical assistance. Overall, the farms are managed under a traditional production system, with low use of technology and unsatisfactory zootechnical indexes. However, the region has favorable conditions for dairy farming development.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The Effect of Addition Star Fruit Juice (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) with Different Concentrations and Lengths of Soaking Time Against Decay of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) 全文
2023
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar | Rastina Rastina | Nurliana Nurliana | Hennivanda Hennivanda | Azhari Azhari | Putri Distyana Yolanda
One of the fishery products that decomposes very rapidly is shrimp. Utilizing natural preservatives, such as Averrhoa bilimbi L. juice, is one method for maintaining the quality of food ingredients. This study aims to determine the effect of adding A. bilimbi L. juice with different concentrations and soaking times on vannamei shrimp decay. In this study, an experimental laboratory was used to examine decay using the Postma and H2S tests. As much as 500 g of vannamei shrimp were divided into four treatment groups and two repetitions, with 5 g of each sample soaked in A. bilimbi L. juice with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Early decay was observed at 0 and 3 hours after soaking vannamei shrimp in solutions with concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. At concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, there was no initial decay after soaking vannamei shrimp for six hours at a concentration of 0% and 2.5%. During 9 hours of soaking at concentrations of 0%, 2.5%, and 5%, initial decay occurred, whereas there was no initial decay at concentrations of 7.5% and 10%. The conclusion of this research is A. bilimbi L. juice with concentrations of 7.5% and 10% for 6 and 9 hours inhibits the decomposition of vannamei shrimp.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The number of Leydig cells in high‑fat diet-fed rats after administration of kepok banana peel extract 全文
2023
Baidillah Zulkifli | Muslim Akmal | Sri Wahyuni | Gholib Gholib | Mulyadi Adam | Zainuddin Zainuddin | Triva Murtina Lubis | Nora Usrina | Fadya Nirmala
The impact of free radicals on testicular Leydig cells can result in the disruption of male reproductive health. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on Leydig cells and the potential of kepok banana peel extract as a medication to mitigate these effects. In total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups and treated with standard feed (P1), high-fat feed (P2), high-fat feed with simvastatin (P3), and high-fat feed with banana peel extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW (P4 and P5). After 60 days of treatment, the number of Leydig cells was determined using HE staining methods. Data were analyzed using an One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the administration of 100 mg/kg BW of kepok banana peel extract (P4) was able to maintain the number of Leydig cells and counteract the negative effects of a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that kepok banana peel extract may have the potential as a herbal medicine for supporting male reproductive health.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Bird Diversity in Paddy Field Habitats During The Paddy Ripening Phase (Oryza sativa L.) Jurong Peujeura Village, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia 全文
2023
Mardiana Putri | Aida Fithri Fithri | Zuriana Siregar
Birds are organisms that can be found in a variety of habitats. One of the bird habitats is paddy fields. Birds found in paddy fields generally carry out activities such as foraging, breeding, and competing. This study aims to determine the diversity of birds in paddy field habitats during the paddy ripening phase (Oryza sativa L.). The study was conducted from April to June 2022. The location of the study was Jurong Peujera Village, Ingin Jaya District, Aceh Besar Regency. This study used the Point Count method with a radius of 50 m and a distance between points of 150 m. Observations were made at 9 observation points with 4 repetitions, in which the duration of observations was 10 minutes at each observation point. The observation was conducted in the morning and evening at 06.30-10.00 AM and 03.30-05.00 PM. The results obtained were 2586 bird individuals consisting of 14 species from 11 families. The species with the highest number of individuals are Lonchura punctulata with 1535 individuals and Bubulcus ibis with 637 individuals. The highest percentage of families by species is Ardeidae (22%), and Estrildidae (15%). The Shannon-Wiener bird species diversity index in the paddy field area during paddy ripening phase was obtained H'=1.24 which indicates the level of diversity of the bird species is moderate. Meanwhile, based on the dominance index, Simpson shows a value of C=0.42 which indicates a low bird dominance level. The low level of bird dominance is due to the moderate diversity of species in the paddy field area.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Isolation and Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria on Cattle Farms Indicated by Mastitis 全文
2023
Siti Rani Ayuti | Zahwa Amelia Pratiwi | Masda Admi | Darniati Darniati | M Isa | Herrialfian Herrialfian
Mastitis is one of the causes of diseases that can reduce livestock production. Mastitis can be caused by various types of bacteria that cause a decrease in livestock production that is difficult to cure with antibiotics has been reported resistance. This study aims to determine gram-negative bacteria that can be the cause of mastitis in cows. The study used samples taken from folk farms by means of livestock udder swabs. Bacterial isolation is carried out by planting in Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media and identifying by Gram staining and biochemical tests (maltose and lactose). The data analysis used is descriptive analysis, namely the types of bacteria as the causative agents of mastitis. The results of the study obtained bacteria that cause mastitis of gram-negative species Klebsiella sp and Enterobacter sp yang classified as Gram-negative bacteria. It can be concluded that in cows indicated mastitis there are Gram-negative bacteria, these are morphologically identified, namely Klebsiella sp and Enterobacter sp.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of bovine subclinical mastitis on milk production and economic performance of Brazilian dairy farms 全文
2023
Goncalves, Juliano L. | Freu, Gustavo | Garcia, Breno L.N. | Barcelos, Melina M. | Alves, Bruna G. | de Freitas Leite, Renata | Pedrosa Monteiro, Camylla | Martins, M. | Tomazi, Tiago | Hogeveen, Henk | Veiga dos Santos, Marcos
Effect of bovine subclinical mastitis on milk production and economic performance of Brazilian dairy farms 全文
2023
Goncalves, Juliano L. | Freu, Gustavo | Garcia, Breno L.N. | Barcelos, Melina M. | Alves, Bruna G. | de Freitas Leite, Renata | Pedrosa Monteiro, Camylla | Martins, M. | Tomazi, Tiago | Hogeveen, Henk | Veiga dos Santos, Marcos
This review summarized the significant results from Brazilian studies published in peer-reviewed scientific papers about the effect of bovine subclinical mastitis (SM) on economic performance and milk production. Different approaches were considered for (i) disease detection (indirect measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and directly using microbiological culture) and (ii) milk sampling strategy (mammary quarters, composite cow samples, and bulk milk tank). Globally, bovine mastitis is the most common disease of dairy herds, and the subclinical presentation is the most frequent. Dairy farmers usually underestimate the economic losses associated with SM because no visual changes in milk and quarters, udder, and systemic symptoms are observed. SM reduces milk yield and quality, reducing dairy herds’ profitability. The estimation of losses depends on the causative pathogen, the lactation stage, and the parity of affected cows. Thus, estimating the economic caused by SM in milk production and economic performance in dairy herds can be used to decide which mastitis control strategies to adopt. Mastitis control involves adopting specific measures associated with the characteristics of each herd, the period of the highest frequency of cases, the transmission form, and the profile of the pathogens involved in cases of intramammary infection. Thus, using individual SCC, the microbiological identification of pathogens causing SM, adopting efficient drying-off protocols, and other management practices are essential for mastitis control, improved milk quality, and greater profitability of dairy herds.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of bovine subclinical mastitis on milk production and economic performance of Brazilian dairy farms 全文
2023
Juliano Leonel Gonçalves | Gustavo Freu | Breno Luís Nery Garcia | Melina Melo Barcelos | Bruna Gomes Alves | Renata de Freitas Leite | Camylla Pedrosa Monteiro | Cristian Marlon de Magalhães Rodrigues Martins | Tiago Tomazi | Henk Hogeveen | Marcos Veiga dos Santos
This review summarized the significant results from Brazilian studies published in peer-reviewed scientific papers about the effect of bovine subclinical mastitis (SM) on economic performance and milk production. Different approaches were considered for (i) disease detection (indirect measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and directly using microbiological culture) and (ii) milk sampling strategy (mammary quarters, composite cow samples, and bulk milk tank). Globally, bovine mastitis is the most common disease of dairy herds, and the subclinical presentation is the most frequent. Dairy farmers usually underestimate the economic losses associated with SM because no visual changes in milk and quarters, udder, and systemic symptoms are observed. SM reduces milk yield and quality, reducing dairy herds’ profitability. The estimation of losses depends on the causative pathogen, the lactation stage, and the parity of affected cows. Thus, estimating the economic caused by SM in milk production and economic performance in dairy herds can be used to decide which mastitis control strategies to adopt. Mastitis control involves adopting specific measures associated with the characteristics of each herd, the period of the highest frequency of cases, the transmission form, and the profile of the pathogens involved in cases of intramammary infection. Thus, using individual SCC, the microbiological identification of pathogens causing SM, adopting efficient drying-off protocols, and other management practices are essential for mastitis control, improved milk quality, and greater profitability of dairy herds.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Comparison of The Effectiveness of Campylobacter Growth Ability in Culture Media Added Supplements Lysed Sheep's Blood with Lysed Cow's Blood in Chicken Meat Samples 全文
2023
Yezzi Irmanora | Elisa Julianti | Faisal Faisal | Desriwan Angga Putra
Blood is a good growth medium for bacteria by preventing the accumulation of toxic oxygen (peroxide and superoxide) and increasing the growth ability of these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of lysed sheep blood and lysed cow blood as a substitute for lysed horse blood on Campylobacter growth media, as well as evaluate the growth of Campylobacter from chicken meat samples on culture media supplemented with lysed sheep blood and lysed cow blood compared to the media cultures using lysed horse blood supplements. The concentration of lysed sheep blood, lysed cow blood, and lysed horse blood used was 5% each. The chicken meat samples used in this study were 30 samples. Based on the results, 14 samples of C. jejuni bacteria showed the ability to grow up to 107 and 16 samples up to 106. In the media added with lysed cow blood supplement only one sample was able to grow up to 106, 17 samples grew up to 105, and 12 samples grew up to 104. These results statistically used the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicating a significant difference significant (P0.05). Further tests using post hoc least significance different (LSD) showed a comparison of the average growth in lysed horse blood, lysed sheep blood, and lysed cow blood significantly different (P 0.05), while the average value of each treatment was the addition of lysed horse blood supplements, lysed sheep blood, and cow blood consecutive lysis was 8.551 ± 0.340, 7.117 ± 0.544, and 5.265 ± 0.548. The addition of lysed sheep blood and lysed cow blood to bolton broth media in this study can be used for C. jejuni isolation. However, the blood of lysed sheep had a higher effectiveness in the ability to grow C. jejuni, which was close to the ability to grow with the addition of lysed horse blood as a control, compared to the addition of lysed cow blood.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Histopathological Lesions in Gastric and Duodenum Organs in Dogs (Canis familaris) Suspected of Escherichia coli Infection 全文
2023
Olan Rahayu Puji Astuti Nussa | Arya Surya Kuswantos | Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani
It is widely known that Escherichia coli (E. coli) can infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals and damage some tissue organs. Through histopathological examination of the gastric and duodenal organs can provide valuable information relating to how the E. coli infection impacts the animal. On February 6th, 2023, euthanasia and necropsy of a dog belonging to Mr. Kamo Agil were carried out, which is located at Jl. Meyjend Sungkono, Gresik. Anamnesa is known to be a male dog, age ±1.5 months, body weight 0.6 kg. One kennel is filled with 9 dogs, dirty cage, in the house is not unused, damp and close to the warehouse area and furniture office. The dog has never been vaccinated and has not been dewormed. Temporary diagnosis of dogs with colibacillosis. Examination of pathology is carried out macroscopically and microscopically. Microbiological examination with isolation of escherichia coli bacteria and eosin methylene blue agar media. Followed by Gram staining and biochemical tests. The results of anatomical pathology examination showed that the dog had gastroenteritis. The results of microbiological examination showed that isolated and identified escherichia coli from duodenal organs. Based on the results of examinations showed that the dog had gastroenteritis caused by caused by escherichia coli infection.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in dairy animals and their owners in selected sites, Central Highlands of Ethiopia 全文
2023
Temesgen Kassa Getahun | Beksisa Urge | Gezahegn Mamo
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2019 to May, 2020 with the aim of determining seroprevalence and identifying the potential risk factors of brucellosis in dairy cows with recent cases of abortion and their owners and farm workers in selected sites in the central highland of Oromia, Ethiopia. The overall seroprevalence of bovine and human brucellosis was 0.61% (95%CI: 0.016–2.09) and 1.21% (95%CI: 0.032–4.27) using combined RBPT and CFT tests, respectively. The late stage of abortion (OR = 14.74, p =0.0002), retained fetal membrane (OR = 32.74, p=0.006), market-based stock replacement (OR = 16.55, p=0.002), and presence of parturition pen (OR = 11.511, p=0.027) were found to be significantly associated with seropositivity for Brucella infection in dairy cattle. Human housing (OR = 1.8, p = 0.002), contact with aborted fetus (OR = 21.19, p = 0.017), and drinking raw milk from aborted (OR = 5.72, 0.019) and retained fetal membrane (OR = 4.22, p= 0.029) cows all had a significant influence on human brucellosis seropositivity. A structured interview question was administered to 284 respondents. Accordingly, most respondents had no knowledge of bovine brucellosis and their zoonotic effects (93.3%) in contrast most of them drink raw milk. Implementation of a test and slaughter strategy with compensation is recommended with this low prevalence. In the case of human brucellosis, implementing one health approach framework should be practiced.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Prevalence of Cases of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) in Patients Treated at Veterinary Teaching Hospital During 2022 全文
2023
Rumi Sahara Zamzami | Budianto Panjaitan | Nanda Yuliansyah | Riyan Ferdian | Wahyu Eka Sari | Nurliana Nurliana | Awaluddin Awaluddin | Maurina Rizki | Adyar Hasyimi
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a complex patient condition caused by many factors. This case is the reason why pet owners always need veterinary assistance. Cats with urinary tract disorders show almost similar symptoms such as pollakiuria, hematuria, stranguria, urethral obstruction, and even urination outside the litter box. Urethral obstruction is a common complication in cases of FUS, which often occurs in male cats. Based on this, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of FUS in the cat patient population at RSHP in 2022. The total number of patients treated at Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) Prof. Dr. Noerjanto Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala was 849, and 38 cases of cat patients experiencied FLUTD. This research is an observational study to see the prevalence rate of FLUTD in a population of cat patients treated at the VTH. Based on the research that has been done, the prevalence value of animals experiencing FLUTD is 4.47. The number of cases of FLUTD in male cats is (97.3%) and for female cats (2.63%). The incidence of FLUTD that occurred in cats aged 2 to 4 years old.
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