Dog personality research has a long history. By analyzing the most current experimental studies, we gave an overview of the theories and approaches used to research dog personality in this study. The last couple of years have seen a fair amount of research into dog personality using several methods. One of the methods employed in the study involves gathering data directly from dog owners through questionnaires to analyze the personality traits of the dogs, with the reported findings derived from these assessment tools. “The Dog Personality Questionnaire†(DPQ) was used in this study because, when all study results were considered, it was the most trustworthy questionnaire. The Dog Personality Questionnaire (DPQ) assesses dogs on 5 factors: Aggression towards People, Fearfulness, Aggression towards Animals, Responsiveness to Training, and Activity/Excitability. In this study, we tested the age, breed, and sex groups of a sample of 200 males and females’ dogs representing 22 different breeds from different breed groups living in dog farms in the greater Cairo region (Cairo, Giza, and Qalyubia cities) in Egypt. Our findings indicate that dogs exhibit variations in mean personality trait levels informed by their age group, breed, and sex. In conclusion, we found a strong correlation between dog age, breed, and sex.

Wild animals such as bats usually do not receive antibiotic therapy, however bats can have bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics due to water contamination from pharmaceutical factory waste disposal, expired medicines that are thrown away carelessly, feces and urine that pollute the environment. This research aimed to look at cases of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bats on the island of Lombok, Indonesia. A total of 135 bat rectal swab samples were taken using sterile cotton buds. Isolation of E. coli bacteria using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar media then looking at morphology and biochemical tests. The bacterial sensitivity test used the disk diffusion method using seven antibiotics, namely the antibiotics amoxicillin, ciprofloxacine, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, cefotaxime and azithromycin. The research results showed that from 135 samples tested, 97 samples were positive for E. coli. Samples that were positive for E. coli were tested for sensitivity, showing that 41 (41/97, 42.26%) samples were still sensitive to all tested antibiotics and 56 samples experienced resistance with the results of samples experiencing resistance to the antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) as many as 40 samples ( 41.2%), amoxicillin (AML) 25 samples (25.7%), tetracycline (TE) 23 samples (23.7%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) 21 samples (21.6%), ciprofloxacine (CIP) 14 samples (14.4%), gentamicin (CN) 1 sample (1%), and for cefotaxime (CTX) 0 samples experienced resistance (0%), and 15 samples experienced multidrug resistance. These results explain that bats in caves on the Indonesian island of Lombok act as transmitters of MDR E. coli to public health.

A serious problem within the poultry sector is avian colibacillosis, which can be found either as a primary or secondary infection, inducing huge financial losses in poultry production and posing a zoonotic threat to humans. Escherichia coli (E. coli) avian pathogenic strains have recently demonstrated multi-drug resistance. Therefore, this investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against avian pathogenic E. coli O78 in broiler chickens. Thus, 147 broiler chicks were allocated into seven groups, each with 21 birds with triplicates of seven birds each. In group G1, control birds are negative; in group G2, control-positive infected birds are positive for E. coli O87; G3, infected-supplied with 1 mg/L ZnO-NPs in drinking water; G4, infected-treated with 2 mg/L ZnO-NPs in drinking water; G5, infected-treated with antibiotics; G6, supplied for continuous 35 days with 1 mg/L ZnO-NPs; and G7 treated for continuous 35 days with 2 mg/L ZnO-NPs. Durin 5 weeks observation duration, bird performance, mortalities were monitored, and serum samples were gathered to evaluate the immune system. It was noticed that the birds treated with ZnO-NPs (G6 and G7) gained more weight (P = 0.017) and weighed significantly more than the control-infected birds (G2). On days 1 through 35, there was a significant improvement in the FCR of the infected birds that supplied with ZnO-NPs (G4, G6, and G7) (P =0.034). HI titers did not differ between the groups at 21 and 28 days. In conclusion, in comparison to the non-treated group, treatment with both doses of ZnO-NPs led to reduction in the colonization of E. coli in the intestine and cecum, a reduction in the severity of clinical signs, & mortalities, as well as improve birds' performance but no significant differences in humoral immune response against ND vaccine among different groups.

Camel Trypanosomiasis, or Surra, or El Debab as better known, caused by Trypanosoma evansi constitutes an economically important disease that affects the health and production of camels. Two-hundred and ninety-five samples from camels of different ages and sexes were collected from five geographic locations in Egypt (Behera, Cairo, South Sinai, Matrouh, Halayeb and Shalateen). Giemsa-stained smears that were prepared from blood samples were examined microscopically, while PCR coupled with DNA sequencing was applied for molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis. Microscopic and molecular findings revealed a prevalence of 0.34% and 50.51% in the examined camels through stained blood smears and PCR techniques, respectively. T. evansi is enzootic in Egypt, and the PCR technique could preferably be applied in surveillance studies as a more sensitive detection method.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting about 75% of hepatic neoplasia, making it the most common kind of liver cancer worldwide. So, this study was planned to evaluate the beneficial chemopreventive efficacy of hesperidin (Hes) in experimental model of Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) / Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) –induced HCC in rats. Thirty male rats were divided into 3 equal groups. Group 1 (normal control): rats didn't receive any treatment. Group 2 (HCC): HCC was induced in rats by injection of DEN (200mg/kg b.w/i.p), then 2 weeks later of DEN injection rats received 3 weekly successive doses of CCl4 (3ml/kg b.wt/ orally) at 1:1 dilution in corn oil as a promoter of carcinogenic effect. DEN and CCl4 administration were repeated once again after 5 weeks. Group 3 (HCC+ hesperidin): 15 weeks after HCC induction, rats treated with Hes (150 mg/kg b.wt), orally and continued for 6 weeks. A significant increase in serum ALT, AST and ALP activities were observed in HCC-induced rats.  However, significant downregulation of liver Nrf2, Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and MicroRNA-34a with upregulation of FGF-2 and MicroRNA-221 with Global DNA hyper-methylation were observed in HCC group. Hesperidin treatment exhibited downregulation of microRNA-221 and FGF-2 with upregulation of Nrf2, Bcl-2, caspase 3 gene and Global DNA hypo-methylation. Interestingly, improvement of liver histopathological alterations supported the chemopreventive activity of Hesperidin. Conclusively, Hesperidin ameliorates the progression of HCC and has promising chemopreventive, and antiangiogenic activity, inhibiting growth promoting oncogene and initiation of gene regulating apoptosis and protects the liver from oxidative damage and inflammation.

The objective of this work was to study the impact of deficiency of certain macro and microelements on clinical, hematobiochemical and electrocardiographic changes in sheep. The survey study was carried out on a total of 300 sheep, of which 250 suffered from mineral deficiency and 50 apparent healthy were used as control. Clinical investigations of diseased sheep revealed change wool color, easily detached wool, alopecia, pale mucous membrane, and diarrhea. Clinical examination showed significant elevation (p< 0.05) of respiratory rate and heart rate. Hematological examination revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in Hb, RBCs, WBCs and HCT, with increase in MCV, MCH. Biochemically, there was a statistically significant (P<0.05) decline in Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, TP and albumin, whereas ALT, ALP, LDH, cTnI, and creatinine levels increased significantly (P<0.05). Electrocardiographic examination showed different changes, including abnormal T-waves (wide and enlarged), premature ventricular depolarization and cardiac arrhythmia. It was concluded that macro- micro element deficiency is associated with clinical, biochemical, hematological and ECG alterations. In addition, they have been related to dysfunctions of internal organs including liver, heart and kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to prescribe a proper feeding management program containing the necessary macro- and micro elements for sheep flocks and do not rely only on the grazing as a main source of feed to maintain the health and production of sheep.

No abstract available.

A crucial first step in preventing the introduction and spread of harmful microorganisms in poultry farms is biosecurity. The objectives of this investigation were to assess biosecurity measures and the prevalence of different E. coli species in commercial chicken farms in Sharkia province, Egypt. Sensitivity of E. coli strains was identified, and their susceptibility to antibiotics and disinfection was evaluated as well. Four farms provided 21 samples each, for a total of 84 samples. Three samples of each were collected for water, feed, litter, cloaca, wall, hand, and foot boots. All the studied farms obtained a "poor biosecurity" grade, meaning that their overall biosecurity score, which is comprised of 40% external and 36.54% internal biosecurity, was less than 50%. Escherichia coli species were found in 79.76% of the samples. It was isolated from water, feed, litter, cloaca, walls, hands, and foot boots with percentages of 91.6; 83.3; 91.6; 100; 58.3; 58.3 and 75%, respectively. Biosecurity level had significant negative correlations with the isolated E. coil species. Escherichia coli O119 was the most common serotype in litter and the cloaca, while E. coli O1 was the most prevalent serotype in walls and hands. Additionally, serotypes for E. coli O26, O159, O128 and O78 were included. According to the patterns of antibiotic sensitivity, amikacin, nitrofurantoin, gentamycin, and levofloxacin showed intermediate sensitivity, whereas E. coli O119 bacteria were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. In the absence and presence of organic matter, Virocid, Cid 2000 and finally Virkon S were the most efficient against E. coli O119. According to this study, there were differences in the investigated farms' biosecurity levels in relation to the occurrence of Escherichia coli. To reduce the introduction and persistence of E. coli in poultry farms, several biosecurity practices and management, including stringent cleaning and disinfection measures should be applied.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incubated egg and nurturing squab numbers on breeding pigeon behaviour and performance. Fifteen pairs of mature Egyptian Baladi Pigeons (12-18 months) were divided into 3 groups (one pair x 5 replicates for each group). Group1 (G1): each pair incubated one egg and reared one squab, Group2 (G2): parents incubated 2 eggs and reared 2 squabs and Group3 (G3): incubated 3eggs and reared 3 squabs. Maintenance and reproductive behaviour were recorded for each pair of parents using a digital camera and then analysed. In addition, the performance of adults and brooded squabs was evaluated. Results showed that the frequency of foraging and walking behaviour of females was significantly higher in G3. On the other hand, the other comfort behaviour was significantly higher for both parents in G1 compared to other groups indicating more welfare they had. No a significant impact was observed on other maintenance behaviour of breeding pigeons. Nest defence behaviour and prolactin level were increased with increasing the reared chicks or incubated eggs, while nest building was significantly decreased. Besides the prolonged incubation period & egg laying intervals in G3, the body weight (at 7 days old) and body weight gain (BWG) of squab at 7 and 14 days old declined significantly. A significant increase in body weight loss of female and male with increasing the number of reared chicks, moreover, raising the prolactin level in G3 compared to G1&G2. It concluded that, neither adult behaviour nor squab performance were adversely affected by increasing nurturing squab or incubated egg up to 3 squabs or 3 eggs which could be recommended practice for raising the economic profit in addition to feed supplements for a breeding pigeon to alleviate the loss in body mass at brooding period.

A five week feeding study was carried out to assess the effects of phytase enzyme with different level of calcium and available phosphorus on Ross 308 broilers on performance, carcass traits and deposition of calcium and phosphorus on serum and tibia of broiler chickens. One hundred and sixty-eight one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. The birds were weighed and assigned to equal six treatment groups with fixed calcium to phosphorus ratio 2:1. Each two treatments have the same value of available phosphorus according feeding stage but one of them with supplementation of Hiphos GT (100gm/ton phytase enzyme unit FTU/Kg) and the other one without supplementation in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had four replicates and each replicate contains seven chicks. The results showed that phytase enzyme supplementation with available phosphorus 0.5% and 0.45% significantly elevated (P < 0.05) body weight, body weight gain and feed intake, and reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in starter period. All parameters in grower, finisher period and overall showed non-significant for all groups. Moreover, the highest significant value from all other groups in liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, founded in broilers fed the diet with phytase enzyme and available phosphorus 0.40% and without phytase enzyme in creatinine. Calcium value with available phosphorus 0.35% with phytase enzyme showed high significance. In Phosphorus we found that usage of phytase enzyme with available phosphorus 0.30% and 0.35% as same as 0.35% without phytase. In weight, eviscerated and dressing usage of phytase enzyme with available phosphorus 0.4% revealed the highest significant difference from all groups. Thigh, breast and drumstick value showed non-significant difference from all other groups.