Objective: This study aims to present Chromobacterium violaceum isolated from a pleural effusion in an indoor-outdoor cat. Materials and Methods: A 3-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was brought to the hospital with dyspnea. The thoracic radiographs and ultrasound showed the presence of a pleural effusion. The thoracic fluid was sent for cytological analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and bacterial culture. Results: Cytological findings illustrated the protein-rich modified transudate. Albumin: globulin ratio was 0.4. RT-PCR testing for FIP was negative. The bacterial culture presented a pure growth of violet-pigmented colonies on both sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolation was identified and further confirmed as C. violaceum. The isolation was susceptible to drugs in aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamide groups. Conclusion: Chromobacterium violaceum, a saprophytic Gram-negative bacterium, commonly inhabits stagnant water and soil in tropical and subtropical areas. It is considered an opportunistic bacterium in both veterinary and human medicine. Although C. violaceum infection is rare, the disease is extremely fatal. In Thailand, a few cases of humans infected with C. violaceum were reported; however, the bacterial infection has never been discovered in animals. This case report highlighted a rare opportunistic infection of C. violaceumin a cat in Thailand and suggested drugs of choice for clinical treatments. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 297-302]

Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to reveal the hematology, serum biochemistry, and reproductive behavior of free-roaming cats in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Overall, 130 free-roaming cats were captured, of which 52 were Tom (male), 69 were Queen (female), and 9 were kittens. Regarding their ages, the cats were divided into three groups: [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 70-79]

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differences between conventional and brown midrib (BMR) Sorghum in terms of biomass, nutrient quality, nutrient digestibility, and animal performance. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive database was created by integrating 73 datasets from 29 articles. The different studies were denoted as random effects, while the BMR Sorghum variety was described as a fixed component. Afterward, these two aspects were calculated utilizing a linear mixed model. Results: According to the findings of the present meta-analysis, conventional Sorghum produces higher quantities of forage and grain biomass in comparison to BMR (p < 0.001). As expected, BMR Sorghum has a lower content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, and lignin compared to conventional Sorghum (p < 0.001). The digestibility of BMR Sorghum performed better than conventional Sorghum (p < 0.001), especially for NDF digestibility (54.98% vs. 47.37%). BMR shows suitability as a fodder option for dairy cows due to its superior milk yield compared to conventional Sorghum (15.04 vs. 14.06 kg/day; p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, BMR Sorghum produces higher biomass compared to conventional Sorghum. Nevertheless, in terms of nutrient quality and digestibility, BMR Sorghum is the most optimal choice. The results will significantly improve animal performance. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 157-168]

Objective: The increasing antibiotic resistance in poultry pathogens presents a significant public health risk, leading to the exploration of effective alternatives in broiler feed, particularly probiotics such as Bacillus subtilis. This study aimed to isolate B. subtilis strains from indigenous chicken feces that can inhibit Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium strains, common causes of diarrhea in poultry. Materials and Methods: Bacillus strains were isolated from chicken feces and screened for antibacterial activity using an agar well diffusion assay. Bacillus strains were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Their probiotic potential was assessed through in vitro assays measuring extracellular enzyme production, adhesion properties, and resilience to acidic and bile salt conditions. Freeze-drying techniques were applied to evaluate strain viability and stability. In vivo studies determined the colonization ability of selected strains in the chicken intestine. Results: From 121 B. subtilis isolates, six B. subtilis strains demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. typhimurium. Five strains were confirmed as B. subtilis through sequencing. Based on their probiotic attributes, B. subtilis H1 and B. subtilis BSn5 were identified as the most promising candidates. Notably, B. subtilis BSn5 exhibited stable viability when freeze-dried, surviving for up to two months, and successfully colonized the chicken intestinal tract in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that B. subtilis BSn5 may serve as a viable probiotic alternative to antibiotics in poultry, with regular supplementation necessary to sustain its benefits. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 53-63]

Objective: This study aims to explore mutation based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) gene of Pelung chickens. Materials and Methods: We collected DNA samples from 48 Pelung roosters that had won the crowing competition. The CCKBR target encompasses exon 3, intron 3, exon 4, and a part of intron 4, a long 601 bp. This target was replicated using PCR with specific primers that were designed by Primer-BLAST from NCBI. We generated the nucleotide sequence from the PCR product's sequencing results. The SNP analysis was done by BioEdit and MEGA. Genotyping and haplotyp¬ing were done based on nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on exons 3 and 4. We calculated allele and genotype frequency, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) using POPGENE 32 programs. Results: This study found three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. The nsSNP in exon 3 alters the coding for the 210th amino acid from serine to asparagine (g.1290 G > A/S210N), while the SNPs in exon 4 alter the coding for the 232nd amino acid from valine to phenylalanine (g.1423G > T/V232F) and the 243rd amino acid that changes the amino acid valine to glycine (g.1457T > G/V243G). The frequency of the mutated alleles is lower than the unmutated alleles. However, the mutation at position g.1457T > G/V243G produces a higher frequency than the unmutated allele. The allele and genotype frequency were not in HWE. It was caused by intensive selection in Pelung chickens, especially for growing capacity. Conclusion: Nonsynonymous mutation on CCKBR may cause variations in the crowing and other traits such as the growth of Pelung chickens. Further studies are needed to explore the CCKBR gene, including the relationship of the gene with the vigor and/or stress level of Pelung chickens. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 141-148]

Objective: This study intended to figure out the effects of fixed effects and genes such as beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG), prolactin (PRL), annexin A9 (ANXA9), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) on the structure of fatty milk acids in Awassi ewes, as well as any potential genotype-genotype interactions. Materials and Methods: Fatty acid (FA) profile and other milk components were examined from 116 Awassi ewes in total. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to extract and genotype their DNA, and either sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis came next. Results: Saturated, medium-chain, and long-chain FA proportions were not significantly impacted by the genotypes of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2. Conversely, ewes with the β-LG AA genotype displayed higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), while the β-LG AB genotype was linked to the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). It has been demonstrated that PUFA levels are impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ANXA9, while VLCFA and PUFA levels are changed by SNPs of ACAA2. The PRL AA genotype showed the greatest influence on VLCFA. Furthermore, milk exhibited the highest levels of MUFA and PUFA due to the interac¬tion between β-LG and PRL. The interaction PRL-ANXA9 exhibited the greatest levels of VLCFA. Additionally, Dam lambing weight affected the levels of MUFA, MCFA, and long-chain fatty acids. Conclusion: To increase the levels of MUFA and PUFA constituents, the selection program should effectively harness and integrate the synergistic benefits of β-LG, PRL, ANXA9, and ACAA2 as well as their interaction. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 238-251]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate how well fresh broiler meat may be preserved in cold storage using chitosan–stearin as an edible coating. Materials and Methods: A completely randomized design with a 3 x 5 factorial arrangement and three replications was employed. Factor I represented the formula dosage (FD) (FD0 = 0% chitosan + 0% stearin; FD1 = 1.5% chitosan + 1% stearin; FD2 = 3% chitosan + 1% stearin), while Factor II represented storage time (ST) (ST0 = 0 days; ST1 = 3 days; ST2 = 6 days; ST3 = 9 days; ST4 = 12 days). Results: The results showed that the water content, cooking loss, protein content, and fat content of broiler meat were significantly affected (p < 0.01) by the FD and ST. Nonetheless, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the meat's ability to hold water. The broiler meat's pH was significantly affected (p < 0.01) by the FD, but it was not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by the ST. Furthermore, no treatment underwent testing, which revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Conclusion: Chitosan–stearin edible coatings with different formula doses FD and ST consistently preserve the quality of fresh broiler meat during cold storage, with average values of water content ranging from 48.97% to 53.73%, water-holding capacity from 17.52% to 34.30%, cooking loss from 10.03% to 33.19%, pH levels from 4.93 to 5.53, protein content from 14.54% to 17.46%, fat content from 20.55% to 24.21%, and no detectable presence of E. coli and Salmonella sp. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 99-105]

Objective: This study aimed to compare two approaches to the brachial plexus: the traditional blind method and an additional technique, both of which use anatomical landmarks to guide needle insertion. Materials and Methods: The traditional and additional approaches were performed on both thoracic limbs of 24 cadavers (24 for each approach). Methylene dye is used for injection and nerve staining. We counted the nerves that successfully stained (staining less than 1 cm). The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare approaches. Results: The findings indicated that all cadavers were successfully used. The traditional approach and the additional approach revealed success rates of 45.83% and 54.17%, respectively. We found no significant differences between the two techniques (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The additional approach presents a viable alternative to the traditional method for performing the brachial plexus block in goats. Further research into the clinical differences between these techniques could lead to useful insights that help make them more accurate and useful. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 64-69]

Objective: This study aimed to use the potential chitosan processing waste from shrimp heads as a premix to improve the production performance of laying chickens. Materials and Methods: This research uses shrimp head waste, NaOH, hydrochloric acid, Na₂SeO₃, and NaCl solutions. Processing shrimp head waste into chitosan is done in three ways, namely demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. Each of the resulting liquid wastes is then mixed until a neutral mixture is obtained. The data observed were the nutrient and amino acid content of liquid waste from the deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation processes, as well as the neutral mixture. Results: The results showed liquid waste from the process of making chitosan from shrimp head waste using deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation methods, as well as a neutral mixture containing little energy, protein, and fat but is rich in minerals. The most abundant and complete amino acid content is found in deproteination process wastewater and neutral mixtures. Conclusion: In conclusion, the waste from making chitosan from shrimp head waste through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, and the neutral mixture contains enough minerals and amino acids needed by livestock, so it has the potential to be used as a premix. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 117-122]

Objective: The present study aims to investigate molecular confirmation for Cryptosporidium species in fish handlers in Baghdad City, central Iraq. Materials and Methods: Sixty stool samples were collected between early November 2023 and late April 2024. All samples were examined phenotypically using a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and genotypically (nested polymerase chain reaction technique) based on a partial sequence of 18S rRNA genes with sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. Results: The total molecular results identified Cryptosporidium parvum with an infection rate of 45% (27/60). A higher infection rate of 51.9% (14/27) was found in the age group between 15 and 35 years, and male handlers recorded a lower infection rate (45%) than females (41.6%). April had a higher elevation in the infection rate of 60% (6/10) than other months. Conclusion: The C. parvum was the only species found in fish handlers, and these local isolates have higher similarity with other isolates of China and Iran. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025; 12(1.000): 1-7]