The COVID-19 cases in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi, have has risen significantly daily. This significant increase in cases illustrates that the people are less than optimal in complying with the health protocols established by the government. This phenomenon concluded that public compliance in efforts to prevent COVID-19 has a vital role in preventing the spread. This study aims to describe the level of compliance towards prevention efforts of COVID-19 in the community. We use a descriptive survey method with probability sampling techniques to obtain the data. The subjects in this study were the community of Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Regency, who were17 years old with a sample size of 400 samples. Collecting data using a questionnaire in a validated form and distributed to the public via social media. The data analysis in this study is the frequency distribution analysis (univariate analysis). The results of this study shown were that 172 respondents (43.0%) had a good level of compliance, 146 respondents (36.5%) had a sufficient level of adherence, and as many as 82 respondents (20.5%) had a good level of compliance to prevent COVID-19 spreads.

The COVID-19 cases in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi, have has risen significantly daily. This significant increase in cases illustrates that the people are less than optimal in complying with the health protocols established by the government. This phenomenon concluded that public compliance in efforts to prevent COVID-19 has a vital role in preventing the spread. This study aims to describe the level of compliance towards prevention efforts of COVID-19 in the community. We use a descriptive survey method with probability sampling techniques to obtain the data. The subjects in this study were the community of Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Regency, who were17 years old with a sample size of 400 samples. Collecting data using a questionnaire in a validated form and distributed to the public via social media. The data analysis in this study is the frequency distribution analysis (univariate analysis). The results of this study shown were that 172 respondents (43.0%) had a good level of compliance, 146 respondents (36.5%) had a sufficient level of adherence, and as many as 82 respondents (20.5%) had a good level of compliance to prevent COVID-19 spreads.

Primates are known to harbour different gastrointestinal parasite species that affect their survival and reproductive activity. Entamoeba histolytica infects humans predominantly as well as non-human (NH) primates causing amoebiasis. Amoebic dysentery is common amongst non-human primates in captive sites. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in captive NH primates of the Mefou Primate Sanctuary (MPS) in Cameroon. The faecal samples of 277 NH primates were analysed by qualitative (direct smear and evergreen kit sedimentation technique) coprology from January to July 2019. Factors such as habitat type, keeper’s age and level of education were assessed to evaluate their effect on the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 46.2% (P=0,079 and χ2=18.13). E histolytica was the most predominant parasite species detected and it was present in all instances of mixed parasite infections. Amongst the NH primates positive for E. histolytica, 28 suffered from amoebic dysentery giving a prevalence of 21.9% and one of the infected primates (Cercopithecus pogonias) actually died from amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of mixed infections was significantly lower amongst NH primates living in outdoor enclosures compared to those living in other habitat types (P=0.015, χ2=10.46). The rate of re-infection was significantly higher amongst NH primates under the care of keepers with the lowest (primary school) level of education (P=0.001, χ2=13.09) on one hand and of older keepers (≥50s) (P = 0.008, χ2=13.708) on the other hand. This study shows that amoebic dysentery is a cause for a major concern in the MPS. The housing conditions of the NH primates at the sanctuary, the keeper’s age and level of education were important factors that influenced the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. Adequate measures should be put in place to address the situation.

Primates are known to harbour different gastrointestinal parasite species that affect their survival and reproductive activity. Entamoeba histolytica infects humans predominantly as well as non-human (NH) primates causing amoebiasis. Amoebic dysentery is common amongst non-human primates in captive sites. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of amoebic dysentery in captive NH primates of the Mefou Primate Sanctuary (MPS) in Cameroon. The faecal samples of 277 NH primates were analysed by qualitative (direct smear and evergreen kit sedimentation technique) coprology from January to July 2019. Factors such as habitat type, keepers age and level of education were assessed to evaluate their effect on the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 46.2% (P=0,079 and 2=18.13). E histolytica was the most predominant parasite species detected and it was present in all instances of mixed parasite infections. Amongst the NH primates positive for E. histolytica, 28 suffered from amoebic dysentery giving a prevalence of 21.9% and one of the infected primates (Cercopithecus pogonias) actually died from amoebic dysentery. The prevalence of mixed infections was significantly lower amongst NH primates living in outdoor enclosures compared to those living in other habitat types (P=0.015, 2=10.46). The rate of re-infection was significantly higher amongst NH primates under the care of keepers with the lowest (primary school) level of education (P=0.001, 2=13.09) on one hand and of older keepers (50s) (P = 0.008, 2=13.708) on the other hand. This study shows that amoebic dysentery is a cause for a major concern in the MPS. The housing conditions of the NH primates at the sanctuary, the keepers age and level of education were important factors that influenced the prevalence of amoebic dysentery. Adequate measures should be put in place to address the situation.

This study aims to determine beef types Dark, Firm, and Dry (DFD) and Pale, Soft, and Exudative (PSE) that are sold at the Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh. A total of nine samples of beef from different sellers will be used as extracts and the pH is measured three times every 1 hour for 12 hours to determine the trend of decreasing pH. Organoleptic observations were carried out to determine the visual differences shown by the meat samples. Parameters observed were meat color, meat aroma, meat texture and surface state of the meat. The data obtained from pH measurements and organoleptic tests were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of pH measurements seen from the decreasing trend of pH in nine samples of beef, seven of them were PSE type beef with a pH value of 5.2 and the other two samples were of good quality meat with a pH value ranging from 5.6 to 5.4. From the results of organoleptic tests for color parameters, four samples were pale, one sample was very pale and the rest were red. All the meat samples tasted normal. Meat texture and surface condition for soft-textured meat has a wet surface, while hard-textured meat has a dry surface.

This study aims to determine beef types Dark, Firm, and Dry (DFD) and Pale, Soft, and Exudative (PSE) that are sold at the Peunayong Market, Banda Aceh. A total of nine samples of beef from different sellers will be used as extracts and the pH is measured three times every 1 hour for 12 hours to determine the trend of decreasing pH. Organoleptic observations were carried out to determine the visual differences shown by the meat samples. Parameters observed were meat color, meat aroma, meat texture and surface state of the meat. The data obtained from pH measurements and organoleptic tests were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of pH measurements seen from the decreasing trend of pH in nine samples of beef, seven of them were PSE type beef with a pH value of 5.2 and the other two samples were of good quality meat with a pH value ranging from 5.6 to 5.4. From the results of organoleptic tests for color parameters, four samples were pale, one sample was very pale and the rest were red. All the meat samples tasted normal. Meat texture and surface condition for soft-textured meat has a wet surface, while hard-textured meat has a dry surface.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among commercial pig farmers in the Ejisu Municipality to investigate reproductive performance, piglet mortality, and reproductive health problems on their farms. Questionnaires designed to obtain information on reproductive performance and reproductive health problems were administered to a total of 50 randomly selected pig farmers. Three farms were randomly selected to monitor farrowing and pre-weaning piglet mortality. The farrowing records of a minimum of 10 sows on each farm were taken, and the piglets followed up to the point of weaning by six weeks. Records of piglet mortalities and their causes were retrieved from farm records or post mortem reports. The mean litter size, stillbirth per litter, piglet birth weight (Kg), weaning to estrus interval, and gestation period were 9.5± 1.4, 1.6 ± 0.2, 1.0 ± 0.1, .7±1.0 days, and 115.1± 2.6 days, respectively. The pre-weaning mortality (%) at day 42 was 18.7 and ranged from 7.3-28.3. Within the first two days post farrowing, mechanical crushing (8.9%) of piglets by sows and piglet starvation (7.2%), while diarrhea (2.5%) and piglet anemia (1.5%) accounted for mortalities within the first two weeks of life. Reproductive health problems by frequency of occurrence included mastitis (23%), agalactia (18%), stillbirths (18%), repeat breeders (14%) and dystocia (14%). The study concluded that the reproductive performance of sows was satisfactory, while pre-weaning piglet mortality was high. It is recommended to intensify extension education on the management of piglets after farrowing.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among commercial pig farmers in the Ejisu Municipality to investigate reproductive performance, piglet mortality, and reproductive health problems on their farms. Questionnaires designed to obtain information on reproductive performance and reproductive health problems were administered to a total of 50 randomly selected pig farmers. Three farms were randomly selected to monitor farrowing and pre-weaning piglet mortality. The farrowing records of a minimum of 10 sows on each farm were taken, and the piglets followed up to the point of weaning by six weeks. Records of piglet mortalities and their causes were retrieved from farm records or post mortem reports. The mean litter size, stillbirth per litter, piglet birth weight (Kg), weaning to estrus interval, and gestation period were 9.5 1.4, 1.6 0.2, 1.0 0.1, .71.0 days, and 115.1 2.6 days, respectively. The pre-weaning mortality (%) at day 42 was 18.7 and ranged from 7.3-28.3. Within the first two days post farrowing, mechanical crushing (8.9%) of piglets by sows and piglet starvation (7.2%), while diarrhea (2.5%) and piglet anemia (1.5%) accounted for mortalities within the first two weeks of life. Reproductive health problems by frequency of occurrence included mastitis (23%), agalactia (18%), stillbirths (18%), repeat breeders (14%) and dystocia (14%). The study concluded that the reproductive performance of sows was satisfactory, while pre-weaning piglet mortality was high. It is recommended to intensify extension education on the management of piglets after farrowing.

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic infection of Pakistani ruminants. Muzaffargarh is an historically and agriculturally important district of Pakistan and the data on brucellosis remains scarce in this district. To overcome this gap, a preliminary study was performed to estimate the occurrence of brucellosis. A total of 53 sera were screened by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) followed by a Brucella genus specific conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and gel visualization of the PCR products. Four (7.54%) samples were positive by RBPT and SAT and only 1 (1.88%) sample was positive by PCR. The results point towards a persistent zoonotic threat in cattle in the district and the potential spill over infection when close contact to other animal species. Pasteurization of milk and regular screening of animals is recommended to prevent transmission.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a high prevalence in humans and farm animals in Turkey. However, data on the genetic diversity of Brucella spp. circulating in Turkey and parts of the Mediterranean region are limited. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 50 B. melitensis isolates from seven regions of Turkey was investigated using multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA-16). The profiles were compared with 163 B. melitensis isolates recovered from the Mediterranean basin. B. melitensis strains from Turkey contain 46 different genotypes and consist of two main clusters. B. melitensis isolates from Turkey were closely related to isolates from Greece and some Portuguese strains. The same genotypes isolated from different sites show the spread between sites. Therefore, uncontrolled animal movements and the trade of imported animals can be important factors for the spread of brucellosis. The endemic occurrence of B. melitensis in the Mediterranean basin is a result of socio-historical links between Mediterranean countries. Turkish strains belong to the Eastern Mediterranean line. Eradicating brucellosis in countries of the Mediterranean basin with high prevalence is a demanding need to reduce trade barriers and, more importantly, prevent human suffering

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a high prevalence in humans and farm animals in Turkey. However, data on the genetic diversity of Brucella spp. circulating in Turkey and parts of the Mediterranean region are limited. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 50 B. melitensis isolates from seven regions of Turkey was investigated using multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA-16). The profiles were compared with 163 B. melitensis isolates recovered from the Mediterranean basin. B. melitensis strains from Turkey contain 46 different genotypes and consist of two main clusters. B. melitensis isolates from Turkey were closely related to isolates from Greece and some Portuguese strains. The same genotypes isolated from different sites show the spread between sites. Therefore, uncontrolled animal movements and the trade of imported animals can be important factors for the spread of brucellosis. The endemic occurrence of B. melitensis in the Mediterranean basin is a result of socio-historical links between Mediterranean countries. Turkish strains belong to the Eastern Mediterranean line. Eradicating brucellosis in countries of the Mediterranean basin with high prevalence is a demanding need to reduce trade barriers and, more importantly, prevent human suffering