Мета. Дослідити кількісний та якісний вміст вищих жирних кислот, амінокислот, макро- та мікроелементів в насінні Аctinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq).Методи. Якісний та кількісний склад вищих жирних кислот (ВЖК) визначали на хроматографі «НР-6890». Для ідентифікації ВЖК використовували їх стандартний набір. Кількісний і якісний вміст амінокислот в насінні актинідії визначали методом іонообмінної рідинно-колонкової хроматографії на автоматичному аналізаторі амінокислот Т339 (Чехія). Дослідження мінерального складу насіння проводили на рентгенофлуоресцентному аналізаторі «ELVAX-МЕТ».Результати. Визначено вміст біологічно активних сполук насіння А. arguta ‘Київська крупноплідна’. Встановлено, що насіння актинідії містить значну кількість жирної олії (34,9±0,55% в перерахунку на суху масу). Майже 90% від сумарного вмісту жирних кислот складають ненасичені жирні кислоти –ліноленова (64,55%), лінолева (9,96%) та олеїнова (15,4%). Якісний склад амінокислот насіння актинідії представлений 19 сполуками (7 незамінних: валін, лейцин, ізолейцин, треонін, лізин, метіонін, фенілаланін і 12 – замінних) із загальним умістом 15731 мг/100 г в перерахунку на суху масу. Найвищий вміст серед замінних амінокислот встановлено для моноамінодикарбонових кислот – аспарагінової та глутамінової з умістом відповідно 2060 та 4240 мг/100 г. У результаті дослідження елементного складу насіння актинідії рентгенофлуоресцентним методом було виявлено 15 макро- і мікроелементів, основними з яких є калій, кальцій, сірка, залізо і цинк.Висновки. Насіння А. аrguta є цінним джерелом біологічно активних речовин, макро- та мікроелементів і може розглядатись як перспективна сировина для створення лікувально-профілактичних продуктів та фітозасобів у фармацевтичній, харчовій і парфумерній промисловості. | Цель. Исследовать количественный и качественный состав высших жирных кислот, аминокислот и макро-и микроэлементов в семенах Аctinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq).Методы. Качественный и количественный состав высших жирных кислот (ВЖК) определяли на хроматографе «НР-6890». Для идентификации ВЖК использовали их стандартный набор. Количественное и качественное содержание аминокислот в семенах Аctinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq) определяли методом ионообменной жидкостно-колоночной хроматографии на автоматическом анализаторе аминокислот Т339 (Чехия). Исследование минерального состава семян проводили на рентгенофлуоресцентном анализаторе «ELVAX-МЕТ».Результаты. Определено содержание биологически активных соединений семян А. arguta ‘Киев­ская крупноплодная’. Установлено, что семена актинидии содержат значительное количество жирных масел (34,9±0,55% в пересчете на сухую массу). Почти 90% от суммарного содержания жирных кислот составляют ненасыщенные жирные кислоты – линоленовая (64,55%), линолевая (9,96%) и олеиновая (15,4%) кислоты. Качественный состав аминокислот семян актинидии представлен 19 соединениями (7 незаменимых: валин, лейцин, изолейцин, треонин, лизин, метионин, фенилаланин и 12 – заменимых) с общим содержанием 15731 мг/100 г в пересчете на сухую массу. Наивысшее содержание среди заменимых аминокислот установлено для моноаминодикарбоновых кислот – аспарагиновой и глутаминовой с содержанием соответственно 2060 и 4240 мг/100 г. В результате исследования элементного состава семян актинидии рентгенофлуоресцентным методом было обнаружено 14 макро- и микроэлементов, основными из которых являются калий, кальций, сера, железо и цинк.Выводы. Семена А. аrguta являются ценным источником биологически активных веществ и могут рассматриваться как перспективное сырье для создания лечебно-профилактических продуктов и фитопрепаратов в фармацевтической, пищевой и парфюмерной промышленности. | Рurpose. The determination of the quantitative and quali­tative content of higher fatty acids, aminoacids, macro- and migroelements in Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq) seeds.Methods. The qualitative and quantitative composition of higher fatty acids (HFA) was determined on a chromatograph “HP-6890”. The standard set of HFA was used to identify them. The quantitative and qualitative content of aminoacids in actinidia seeds was determined by ion exchange liquid-column chromatography method with an automatic aminoacid analyzer T339 (Czech Republic). The investigation of  seeds mineral composition of was carried out using an “ELVAX-MET” X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Results. The content of biological active compounds of A. arguta seeds of ‘Kyivska krupnoplidna’ cultivar was determined. It was revealed that actinidia seeds contain a significant amount of fatty oils (34.9±0.55% based on dry weight). Almost 90% of the total fatty acid content is unsaturated fatty acids – linolenic (64.55%), linoleic (9.96%) and oleic (15.4%). The qualitative composition of the aminoacids of actinidia seeds is represented by 19 compounds (7 essential: valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and 12 replaceable) with a total content of 15731 mg/100 g of dry weight. The highest content among the replaceable amino acids was determined for monoamino-dicarboxylic acids-aspartic and glutamic with a content of respectively 2060 mg/100 g and 424 mg/100 g. As a result of the study of the elemental composition of actinidia seeds by the X-ray fluorescence method 14 macro- and microelements were found, the main of which are potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron and zinc.Conclusions. The A. arguta seeds are a valuable source of biologically active substances and may be considered as a promising raw material for the creation of therapeutic and prophylactic products and phytopreparations in the pharmaceutical, food and perfume industry

Purpose. To summarize results of studying consumptive qualities of different varieties of potato and define basic characteristics which allow to subsume them under specific economic categories. Methods. Field study, laboratory test, summarizing, analytical approach. Results. Potato varieties entered in the State register of plant varieties suitable to dissemination in Ukraine and new ones especially to be bred at the Institute of Potato Growing of NAAS were studied during the period of 2005–2016 for such basic economic characters as consumptive quality of tubers, content of starch, dry matters, protein, sugar, vitamins, carotenoids and mineral substances as well as aminoacids, color of flesh, suitability for industrial manufacturing of potato products and for purpose of technology. Attention was paid to the good prospects to use varie­ties with purple, blue and red potato tuber flesh with high antioxidant capacity. Potato varieties with above cha­racteristics and their complex combination were defined and described. The requirements of processing industry for potato as a raw material for manufacturing of potato food were given. Conclusions. The major criterion for consumptive qualities of a potato variety and correspondingly division for the commercial use is consumptive quality of tubers, especially content of essential nutrients and their favorable combination, improved taste and cooking quality, high antioxidant capacity, suitability for potato products manufacturing and use for purpose of technology. Potato varieties can be divided for economic purposes into edible, suitable for potato products manufacturing, technical and multipurpose ones.

Purpose. Investigation of maize ae1 gene polymorphism by bioinformatic methods. Methods. Global and local alignment of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, in silico translation and transcription, translates modeling, pri­mers design, phylogenetic analysis. Results. 255 nucleotide sequences of maize аe1 gene, 500 amino acid sequences of homology translates of maize ae1 gene (SBEIIb enzyme homologs) and 100 mRNA expressed from the maize ae1 gene were analyzed to establish phylogenetic relationships. Polymorphism of maize ae1 gene different regions was investigated by bioinformatic methods. Modeling of the maize enzyme SBEIIb was performed. Conclusions. According to the results of amino acid sequences of SBEIIb enzyme homologs alignment, it was found that ae1 gene orthologs are pre­sent only in monocots, paralogs – in monocots, dicots, and other taxa, including algae and animals. Based on the results of alignment of plants mRNA from which enzyme SBEIIb is translated, maize ae1 gene orthologs and the nearest paralogs encoding starch branching enzymes with chloroplast localization were defined; this suggests a possible origin of ae1 gene due to duplication of the gene encoding the 1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2 with chloroplast or amyloplast localization. In the maize ae1 gene structure, regions were found that include polymorphic sites not defined previously. For the polymorphic sites design primers were developed that allowed to differentiate the maize lines. It was determined that the detection of polymorphism in theory can influence the enzyme function and, as a result, change the concentration of amylopectin in maize grain.

Purpose. To define the role of fertilizers containing amino acids in the nutrition systems of highly productive varieties of winter wheat. Methods. Field studies, biochemical technique, analytical procedure, statistical evalua­tion. Results. In the process of investigations, sufficiently high activity of fertilizers containing amino acids was established when applying them for leaf-feeding. Fertilizers based on algae (Megafol, Megafol Protein, Terra-Sorb foliar) and animal (Izabion) hydrolysates appeared to be very effective for increasing yield of culture. It was found that in case of low doses of mineral nitrogen, fertilizers helped to increase both the yield and quality indicators of high-yielding wheat variety. Conclusions. It was defined that fertilizers that include amino acids are highly effective compositions containing plant-available nitrogen in organic form and can be promising for application as antistress agents and improving efficiency of macro- and microelements use by cultivated plants. They are essential components of modern technologies for cultivation of highly productive varieties and hybrids in crop production of Ukraine.

Results of amino acids composition studying in savoya cabbage assortment are served. The best samples namely Vertyu 1340 (Rusiia) and hybrid Saha F1 (Netherlands) were selected.

Purpose. To define the role of fertilizers containing amino acids in the nutrition systems of highly productive varieties of winter wheat. Methods. Field studies, biochemical technique, analytical procedure, statistical evalua­tion. Results. In the process of investigations, sufficiently high activity of fertilizers containing amino acids was established when applying them for leaf-feeding. Fertilizers based on algae (Megafol, Megafol Protein, Terra-Sorb foliar) and animal (Izabion) hydrolysates appeared to be very effective for increasing yield of culture. It was found that in case of low doses of mineral nitrogen, fertilizers helped to increase both the yield and quality indicators of high-yielding wheat variety. Conclusions. It was defined that fertilizers that include amino acids are highly effective compositions containing plant-available nitrogen in organic form and can be promising for application as antistress agents and improving efficiency of macro- and microelements use by cultivated plants. They are essential components of modern technologies for cultivation of highly productive varieties and hybrids in crop production of Ukraine.