Purpose. To investigate special aspects of accumulation of inorganic elements including heavy metals in seeds of white and black mustard to be grown for obtaining drugs. Methods. Field experiments, microwave digestion, ICP-MS and statistical analysis. Results. The content of inorganic elements including heavy metals was determined in the seeds of white and black mustard grown in Kiev Oblast. It was revealed that during the growing season plants of white mustard were able to accumulate such elements as aluminum, barium, strontium, zinc in seeds in concentrations that exceed their content in black mustard seeds, while compounds of calcium, cesium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium in a greater degree were accumulated in black mustard seeds. Conclusions. As legal and regulatory documents for important chemical elements don’t contain the maximum permissible limits of their content in medicinal plants, it would make sense to launch a comprehensive research with the involvement of specia­lists of relevant profiles in order to establish such a gradation. Plants of white and black mustard in Kiev Oblast have accumulated high levels of such metals as Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Zn that exceed the known limits of accumulation, indicating a partial contamination of soils in the region. Consequently, these plants can be used for phytoremediation of soils. Considering the fact that in the pharmaceutical practice refined mustard seed oil is used, revealed alterations of metal accumulation in seeds will not affect the quality of the final drugs. According to the research results, white and black mustard is promising for cultivation in Kiev Oblast with a view to obtain raw material that can be processed into drugs.

Purpose. To investigate special aspects of accumulation of inorganic elements including heavy metals in seeds of white and black mustard to be grown for obtaining drugs. Methods. Field experiments, microwave digestion, ICP-MS and statistical analysis. Results. The content of inorganic elements including heavy metals was determined in the seeds of white and black mustard grown in Kiev Oblast. It was revealed that during the growing season plants of white mustard were able to accumulate such elements as aluminum, barium, strontium, zinc in seeds in concentrations that exceed their content in black mustard seeds, while compounds of calcium, cesium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium in a greater degree were accumulated in black mustard seeds. Conclusions. As legal and regulatory documents for important chemical elements don’t contain the maximum permissible limits of their content in medicinal plants, it would make sense to launch a comprehensive research with the involvement of specia­lists of relevant profiles in order to establish such a gradation. Plants of white and black mustard in Kiev Oblast have accumulated high levels of such metals as Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Sr, Zn that exceed the known limits of accumulation, indicating a partial contamination of soils in the region. Consequently, these plants can be used for phytoremediation of soils. Considering the fact that in the pharmaceutical practice refined mustard seed oil is used, revealed alterations of metal accumulation in seeds will not affect the quality of the final drugs. According to the research results, white and black mustard is promising for cultivation in Kiev Oblast with a view to obtain raw material that can be processed into drugs.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Цель. Исследовать сортовые особенности растений конопли посевной с целью улучшения качественных показателей почвы, на которой они произрастают, определить содержание неорганических элементов в почве, уровень их накопления в стеблях растений и семенах. Методы. Основные – полевой и спектрометрический. Результаты обрабатывали по общепринятым методикам в земледелии, растениеводстве и статистике. Варианты опыта – сорта ‘Гляна’, ‘Глесия’: 1) почва; 2) стебли; 3) семена. Схемы опытов: а) техническая спелость растений, междурядья 45 см; б) техническая спелость растений, междурядья 15 см; в) биологическая спелость растений, междурядья 45 см; г) биологическая спелость растений, междурядья 15 см. Результаты. Определены величины аккумуляции щёлочноземельных металлов и их соединений семенами и стеблями конопли посевной в зависимости от содержания их в почвах на протяжении вегетации. Выявлено, что стебли растений сорта ‘Глесия’ накапливали стронция (Sr) и его соединений значительно меньше по сравнению с растениями сорта ‘Гляна’, а в семенах сорта ‘Глесия’ содержание этого химического элемента превышало содержание в семенах предыдущего сорта на 70 и 78% соответственно. Разность в накоплении соединений бария (Ва) семенами конопли посевной между сортами была не существенной, тогда как ткани стеблей растений сорта ‘Гляна’ накапливали его соединений значительно больше по сравнению с сортом ‘Глесия’. Исследованиями не выявлено влияния доли сорта, площади питания и фазы созревания на процессы аккумуляции растениями соединений магния (Mg). Сорт ‘Глесия’ накапливал в тканях стеблей гораздо меньше кальция (Са) и его соединений по сравнению с растениями сорта ‘Гляна’: в вариантах в фазе технической спелости растений в посевах с междурядьями 45 см (а) и г – растения узкорядных посевов (15 см) в фазе биологической спелости – на 30,94 и 15,95 мг/кг больше при наличии в почве и в вариантах в фазе технической спелости растений с узкорядным посевом (15 см) и в фазе биологической спелости с широкорядным посевом (45 см) – меньше на 34,54 и 24,19 мг/кг.Выводы. На показатели аккумуляции щёлочноземельных металлов растениями конопли посевной существенно повлияли: концентрация соединений определенного химического элемента в пахотном слое почвы, уровень энергетического (светового) обес­печения растений в процессе вегетации, сортовые особенности конопли посевной, этапы органогенеза растений, специфические особенности наземной части – стеблей – накапливать эти химические элементы, а также семенами. Выявлена сортовая зависимость накопления тяжелых металлов тканями растений и семенами конопли посевной. Для получения экологически чистой продукции необходимо учитывать сортовые особенности растений поглощать и аккумулировать соответствующие химические элементы и их соединения при выращивании культуры. | Мета. Дослідити сортові особливості рослин конопель посівних з метою поліпшення якісних показників ґрунтів, на яких вони ростуть, визначити вміст неорганічних елементів у ґрунті, рівень їх накопичення у стеблах рослин і насінні.Методи. Основні – польовий і спектрометричний. Результати опрацьовували за загальноприйнятими методиками у землеробстві, рослинництві та статистиці. Варіанти досліду – сорти ‘Гляна’, ‘Глесія’: 1) ґрунт; 2) стебла; 3) насіння. Схеми дослідів: а) технічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 45 см; б) технічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 15 см; в) біологічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 45 см; г) біологічна стиглість рослин, міжряддя 15 см.Результати. Визначено величину акумуляції лужноземельних металів та їхніх сполук насінням і стеблами рослин конопель посівних залежно від їх вмісту в ґрунтах. Виявлено, що стебла рослин сорту ‘Глесія’ накопичували стронцію (Sr) та його сполук значно менше порівняно з рослинами сорту ‘Гляна’, а в насінні сорту ‘Глесія’ вміст цього хімічного елемента був вищим порівняно з попереднім сортом на 70 і 78% відповідно. Різниця в накопиченні сполук барію (Ва) в насінні сортів конопель посівних була неістотною, тоді як тканини стебел рослин сорту ‘Гляна’ накопичували його сполук значно більше порівняно з сортом ‘Глесія’. Дослідженнями не виявлено впливу частки сорту, площі живлення та фази достигання на процеси акумуляції рослинами сполук магнію (Mg). Сорт ‘Глесія’ накопичував у тканинах стебел рослин відчутно менше кальцію (Са) та його сполук порівняно з рослинами сорту ‘Гляна’: у варіантах фази технічної стиглості рослин у посівах з міжряддями 45 см (а) і г – рослини вузькорядного висіву (15 см) у фазі біологічної стиглості на 30,94 і 15,95 мг/кг більше за наявності у ґрунті та у варіантах фази технічної стиглості рослин вузькорядного висіву (15 см) і у фазі біологічної стиглості з широкорядним висівом (45 см) – на 34,54 і 24,19 мг/кг менше за наявності в ґрунті.Висновки. На показники акумуляції лужноземельних металів рослинами конопель посівних істотно вплинули: концентрація сполук певного хімічного елемента в орному шарі ґрунту, рівень енергетичного (світлового) забезпечення рослин у процесі вегетації, сортові особливості конопель посівних, етапи органогенезу рослин і специфічні особливості їх наземної частини – стебел – накопичувати ці хімічні елементи, а також насінням. Встановлено сортову залежність щодо накопичення важких металів тканинами рослин і насінням конопель посівних. Для отримання екологічно чистої продукції необхідно враховувати сортові особливості рослин щодо здатності поглинати й акумулювати відповідні хімічні елементи та їхні сполуки під час вирощування культури. | Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds.Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm.Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil.Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.

Purpose. To investigate the varietal characteristics of the hemp plants for improving the quality indices of the soil they grow in, determine the amount of inorganic elements in the soil, level of their accumulation in plant stalkі and seeds. Methods. Field and spectrometric methods were basic. The results were processed using conventional methods in agriculture, crop growing and statistics. Variants of the experiment were as follows: varieties ‘Hliana’, ‘Hlesiia’: 1) soils; 2) stalks; 3) seeds. Schemes of experiments included: a) technical maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; b) tech­nical maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm; c) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 45 cm; d) biological maturity of plants, row spacing 15 cm. Results. The amount of the accumulation of alkaline earth metals and their compounds by seeds and stalks of hemp plants depending on their content in vegetation soils was determined. It was found that stalks of the ‘Hlesiia’ plant accumulated strontium (Sr) and its compounds far less than that of ‘Hliana’, whereas in the seeds of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety the content of this chemical element was higher comparing with the previous variety by 70 and 78%, respectively. The difference in the accumulation of barium (Ba) compounds in seeds of hemp plants was not significant, while the tissues of the plant stalks of the ‘Hlia­na’ variety accumulated its compounds significantly more as compared to the ‘Hlesiia’ variety. The degree of influence of the variety, feeding area and the maturity stage on the processes of magnesium compounds (Mg) accumulation by plants was not revealed. Plants of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety accumulated far less calcium (Ca) and its compounds in the stalk tissues as compared to the plants of the ‘Hliana’ variety: in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants with row spacing 45 cm (a) and d – plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) in the biological maturity stage 30,94 and 15,95 mg/kg more in the presence in soil and in variants of the technical maturity stage of plants of narrow-row sowing (15 cm) and in the biological maturity stage with broad-sowing (45 cm) 34.54 and 24.19 mg/kg less in the presence in soil. Conclusions. The indices of accumulation of alkaline earth metals by hemp plants were significantly affected by the concentration of compounds of a certain chemical element in the arable layer, the level of energy (light) obtained by plants during vegetation, the varietal features of hemp, the stages of organogenesis of hemp plants and the specificity of their aboveground parts – stalks to accumulate these chemical elements as well as cumulate them by seeds. The varietal dependence as for accumulation of heavy metals by hemp plants tissues and seeds was established. In order to obtain environmentally friendly products, it is necessary to take into account the varietal features of plants concerning the ability to absorb and accumulate the relevant chemical elements and their compounds in the process of hemp culti­vation.