The trend for development and spreading of diseases and pests of blackcurrant at Orel region in the conditions of extreme drought in 2010 has been detected. Abnormal weather conditions of the summer and the lack of precipitation limited both growth of host plant and disease spreading. At the background of extreme conditions of 2010 the crop phenophases shifted to earlier dates. The awakening of wintering pathogen structures began in the classic dates of the spring, although in summer their biological cycle went off rapidly. Due to the lack of moisture the disease pathogens failed to fully realize their potential of development and spreading. A favorable aspect of the extreme conditions of vegetation period, the reducing of the protective measures against diseases, is to be admitted. Abnormal weather conditions accelerated the pathogen biological cycles and reduced the stock of wintering infection; meanwhile they provoked colonization of the plants by pests. In extremely high air temperature and lasting lack of precipitation the pests number was intensively increasing, exceeding the maliciousness threshold. Due to the above some additional insecticide and acaricide treatments of berry crops were applied. Thus, the vegetation period of 2010 was described as most favorable for the development and spreading of pests and less favorable for disease pathogens.

In the conditions of Forest Steppe Zone of Ukraine a long term (1977 to 2007) research were conducted over the construction of apple plantations of different pomology varieties using vegetative low height shoots and low height insertions. The analyzes of consumption values of Aidarder pomology variety yield throughout the entire fruit-bearing span certified that the major part of the harvest consisted of the fruits of the highest and the first commercial grades. Consumption qualities of Aidarder variety fruits over the early vegetation span significantly exceeded relevant indices registered for the period of 16 to 19 years of vegetation. That is, where the total of the highest and first grades ranged within 66% to 80% of the full harvest weight, two cuttings being grown, at the age of thirteen, then, as the age of the plantation was increasing the was decreasing, eventually to the range of 63% to 68% of the full weight of the fruits. Comparison of the data obtained on fruits marketability against the yield level over relevant period exposed a renowned in horticulture trend of marketability decrease due to high yield. As regards the planting constructions where the lo height insertions are used the Aidarder variety displayed higher marketability of fruits, however, the trend was not absolute. In some variants of the test (11 years old trees free of insertion, cutting in winter dates applied) the Rubinove Duky variety provided greater by 6,8% amount of higher quality fruits. The research over consumption value of the apple fruits has shown that these were changing irrespective of the construction and the age of the plantings. The augment of the first and the highest commercial grades is only possible with low height cuttings or insertions applied at summer dates for the procedure of cutting. The weight of apple fruits depended on the varietal properties and were increasing in the constructions of low height constructions as long as low height M.9 insertion was in use.

Influence of varietal characteristics and growth factors on the quality of Natsional’na and Polis’ka 90 winter wheat varieties was studded. Grain of Polis’ka 90 variety was distinguished by considerable variability of grades, however, the grain of Natsional’na variety was exposed to greater number of growth factors. Grain unit index influenced the grain quality grade of Natsional’na 90 determination, gluten quality and protein and fiber content indices influenced that of Polis’ka 90. It was established that the grain of Polis’ka variety in most of the cases had higher grades of quality than Natsional’na variety. The highest grades of quality were registered for the seed harvested after perennial grasses, namely 2d and 3d grades of Natsional’na variety and the 1t and the 2d for Polis’ka 90 variety. Greater grades of quality were registered for the seed grown according to intensive and ecological farming systems (generally, grades 1 to 3), while the lower grades were inherent to biological system (generally, grades 3 to 5).

Evaluation of the genetic component values considered to be the important part of the selection process on creating hybrids of sugar beet and The aim of the study is to determine tetraploid pollinators combining ability Bilotserkovskoy breeding on yield and sugar content and the genetic determination of the productivity elements and their phenotypic manifestations in first generation hybrids of sugar beet. The methods of test crossing on the type top cross of pollen sterile lines of Uuladivsky and Ivanovsky origin and stabilized ployidnistyu tetraploid pollinators of beet sugar Belotserkovskoy selection on yielding of sugar beet tetraploid pollinators of Bilotserkovskoy breeding have been applied. A key role belongs to non additive gene effects in gene structure of characteristics variability yielding has been determined.The part of additive gene action pollinators is predominant in genetic control of top cross hybrids sugar content. The 16 hybrid combinations are differentiated by their parental components combining ability. Pollinators of 1007 (the yield) and 1013 (for the sugar content) have been characterized by their valuable additive gene complexes. Perspective hybrid combinations for their further breeding study are revealed, genetic determination of productivity elements and sugar yield is defined Analysis of gene interactions in sugar beet hybrids confirms the theory of genetic balance MV Turbine

The article concerns directions of valuable protein crops using, soybeans, growth rates of its production throughout the world in recent years, the opportunity and the necessity of making this crop strategic in our country, problems and prospects of the high-grade soybeans resources formation, the full characteristic of new soybean varieties listed in the State register of Plant Varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine in 2013.

Influence of varietal characteristics and growth factors on the quality of Natsional’na and Polis’ka 90 winter wheat varieties was studded. Grain of Polis’ka 90 variety was distinguished by considerable variability of grades, however, the grain of Natsional’na variety was exposed to greater number of growth factors. Grain unit index influenced the grain quality grade of Natsional’na 90 determination, gluten quality and protein and fiber content indices influenced that of Polis’ka 90. It was established that the grain of Polis’ka variety in most of the cases had higher grades of quality than Natsional’na variety. The highest grades of quality were registered for the seed harvested after perennial grasses, namely 2d and 3d grades of Natsional’na variety and the 1t and the 2d for Polis’ka 90 variety. Greater grades of quality were registered for the seed grown according to intensive and ecological farming systems (generally, grades 1 to 3), while the lower grades were inherent to biological system (generally, grades 3 to 5).

Наведено результати досліджень сприйнятливості колекційних зразків цибулі ріпчастої різного еколого-географічного походження до збудника пероноспорозу (Peronospora destructor Berk). Встановлено, що сорти та гібриди цибулі ріпчастої першого та другого року життя уражуються пероноспорозом. Ступінь розвитку хвороби залежав від інфекційного навантаження, вологості та температури повітря. Дослідження показали, що в середньому за три роки у колекційному розсаднику цибулі першого року життя поширення хвороби припадало на кінець вегетації залежно від зразка і становило 12,7–79,0%, а її розвиток сягав 8,0–61,7%. На насінниках (фаза зав’язування насіння) пероноспороз поширювався у межах 32,7–95,7%, а його розвиток на природно-провокаційному фоні становив 25,7–88,3%. Серед великої кількості вивчених зразків імунних проти хвороби не виявлено. Виділено форми, яким властива відносна польова стійкість проти хвороби, і які будуть використані в селекційних програмах створення нових сортів і гібридів.

Колектив Українського інституту експертизи сортів рослин та редакційна колегія науково-практичного журналу «Сортовивчення та охорона прав на сорти рослин» сердечно вітає всіх, хто присвятив себе розвиткові наукової сфери, з професійним святом – Днем науки!