Purpose. To study Ukrainian potato market at the current stage of the development and determine its future prospects. Results. The features of Ukrainian potato market were determined. Production is almost fully provided by private households, meeting the needs of the domestic market. Main regions with the highest gross output and production of potatoes were defined. Ukraine is one of the major potato producing countries in the world. Today our country is not a key supplier or importer of this product because of the low export orientation of the industry, its technological backwardness, limited product range and the large number of small producers. Ukraine exports potato mainly to CIS countries, the highest share of potato import comes from the European Union. Now there are only a few large manufacturing companies in the market, which can be classified as industrial. Most potato varieties, officially permitted for dissemination in Ukraine, are classified as table ones and recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones. Achievements of the industry include the development of such very popular and promising trend as organic potato growing, which area in our country is one of the largest in the world. Conclusions. Potato produced in Ukraine is used for human consumption, animal feeding, planting and processing, its volumes are relatively stable. Large-scale industrial production of potato is not widely practiced because of low wholesale prices and high labor intensity of the cultivation process. During next few years, in view of current trends, production of potato and severe limitations of the domestic market for foreign operations will remain unchanged. A shift in emphasis in the product range – from fresh potato to processed food products should be a prospect for domestic industrial producers to improve their position in Ukraine and abroad.

Purpose. To study Ukrainian potato market at the current stage of the development and determine its future prospects. Results. The features of Ukrainian potato market were determined. Production is almost fully provided by private households, meeting the needs of the domestic market. Main regions with the highest gross output and production of potatoes were defined. Ukraine is one of the major potato producing countries in the world. Today our country is not a key supplier or importer of this product because of the low export orientation of the industry, its technological backwardness, limited product range and the large number of small producers. Ukraine exports potato mainly to CIS countries, the highest share of potato import comes from the European Union. Now there are only a few large manufacturing companies in the market, which can be classified as industrial. Most potato varieties, officially permitted for dissemination in Ukraine, are classified as table ones and recommended for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe and Polissia zones. Achievements of the industry include the development of such very popular and promising trend as organic potato growing, which area in our country is one of the largest in the world. Conclusions. Potato produced in Ukraine is used for human consumption, animal feeding, planting and processing, its volumes are relatively stable. Large-scale industrial production of potato is not widely practiced because of low wholesale prices and high labor intensity of the cultivation process. During next few years, in view of current trends, production of potato and severe limitations of the domestic market for foreign operations will remain unchanged. A shift in emphasis in the product range – from fresh potato to processed food products should be a prospect for domestic industrial producers to improve their position in Ukraine and abroad.

Purpose. To study biological characteristics of growth and development of middle-early soybean varieties and create a model of phenotype productivity. Methods. Special and gene­ral techniques for studies. Results. Optimal productivity of plants is forming merely at the expense of efficient ratio of all the elements of their structure. It often happens that in case of underdevelopment of one of the structure components yield to some extent can be offset by better development of other elements. Eight indicators were defined which make the largest contribution to the productivity trait of a variety: seed weight per plant, total number of branches, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of flowers, plant height, 1000 kernel weight. The first four indicators provided most of the total contribution to a trait of seed weight per plant. Model building was based on hierarchy of productivity traits display in ontogenesis and compliance of their development in organogenesis. The model consists of two modules of traits – resulting and some componental showing phenotypic realization of the genetic formula. It was found that the plant height significantly influence the number of nodes per plant (r = 0,76), and the number of pods per plant (r = 0,43) depends on this trait. In addition, correlation based on the research was obtained between the number of flowers per plant and plant height (r = 0,35), and number of nodes (r = 0,76). It was established that the number of flowers per plant determines the development of pods on the plant so it is quite strongly correlated with this trait (r = 0,99). Conclusions. It was determined that the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per plant have a very strong correlation (r = 0,96). Besides, such trait as the number of seeds per plant has a strong relationship with the seed weight per plant (r = 0,79).

Purpose. To study biological characteristics of growth and development of middle-early soybean varieties and create a model of phenotype productivity. Methods. Special and gene­ral techniques for studies. Results. Optimal productivity of plants is forming merely at the expense of efficient ratio of all the elements of their structure. It often happens that in case of underdevelopment of one of the structure components yield to some extent can be offset by better development of other elements. Eight indicators were defined which make the largest contribution to the productivity trait of a variety: seed weight per plant, total number of branches, number of nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of flowers, plant height, 1000 kernel weight. The first four indicators provided most of the total contribution to a trait of seed weight per plant. Model building was based on hierarchy of productivity traits display in ontogenesis and compliance of their development in organogenesis. The model consists of two modules of traits – resulting and some componental showing phenotypic realization of the genetic formula. It was found that the plant height significantly influence the number of nodes per plant (r = 0,76), and the number of pods per plant (r = 0,43) depends on this trait. In addition, correlation based on the research was obtained between the number of flowers per plant and plant height (r = 0,35), and number of nodes (r = 0,76). It was established that the number of flowers per plant determines the development of pods on the plant so it is quite strongly correlated with this trait (r = 0,99). Conclusions. It was determined that the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per plant have a very strong correlation (r = 0,96). Besides, such trait as the number of seeds per plant has a strong relationship with the seed weight per plant (r = 0,79).

Purpose. To identify and describe the basic criteria for studying and assessing decorative and economic-and-biological characters of the genus Heuchera L. varieties in the context of introduction. Methods. Introduction procedure, analytical approach, morphological analysis and biometric data evaluation. Results. Aided by the comparative morphological analysis of introduced varieties of the genus Heuchera, significant differences in their characters were revealed, including plant height, height and width of the basal rosette of leaves, generative shoot height. There was a significant variation of such parameters as the number of generative shoots within one plant, the number of flowers on a single generative shoot, flowering abundance. Based on investigation findings, 17 groups of varieties were identified for the dominant color of adaxial surface of the leaf blade and 7 groups – for inflorescence color. According to phenological observations, Heuchera varieties groups were determined and the dates of commencement and duration of plants flowering were registered in the context of introduction. The results of these investigations are the necessary basis for the study and evaluation of this culture assortment, they are important in breeding and landscaping. Conclusions. Based on the results of investigations of morphological features of introduced species of the genus Heuchera, traits and parameters for varieties grouping were defined as well as decorative and economic-and-biological traits that should be evaluated.

Purpose. To identify and describe the basic criteria for studying and assessing decorative and economic-and-biological characters of the genus Heuchera L. varieties in the context of introduction. Methods. Introduction procedure, analytical approach, morphological analysis and biometric data evaluation. Results. Aided by the comparative morphological analysis of introduced varieties of the genus Heuchera, significant differences in their characters were revealed, including plant height, height and width of the basal rosette of leaves, generative shoot height. There was a significant variation of such parameters as the number of generative shoots within one plant, the number of flowers on a single generative shoot, flowering abundance. Based on investigation findings, 17 groups of varieties were identified for the dominant color of adaxial surface of the leaf blade and 7 groups – for inflorescence color. According to phenological observations, Heuchera varieties groups were determined and the dates of commencement and duration of plants flowering were registered in the context of introduction. The results of these investigations are the necessary basis for the study and evaluation of this culture assortment, they are important in breeding and landscaping. Conclusions. Based on the results of investigations of morphological features of introduced species of the genus Heuchera, traits and parameters for varieties grouping were defined as well as decorative and economic-and-biological traits that should be evaluated.

Purpose. To make comprehensive assessment of introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine for the set of productivity and adaptability indices in order to define the most valuable ones and describe them. Methods. Field study, laboratory analysis, generalization. Results. The authors presented results of the study, evaluation and description of 35 new samples of oats from 5 countries for productivity and adaptability traits during 2011–2015 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production to be run by the V. Ya. Yuriev Institute for Plant Production of NAAS. In field and laboratory conditions, the following indicators as yielding, productivity, thousand-kernel weight, early ripening, height of plants and length of panicle, lodging resistance were stu­died. Conclusions. A set of studies of new oat samples under various weather conditions allowed to identify material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters. During studies, it was found that ‘Laima’, ‘Stendskaia Darta’ (Latvia), ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Faks’ (Belarus) were the high-yielding varieties. Panicles in such oats samples as ‘Cwal’, ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Iakov’, ‘Mutika 1077’, ‘Mutika 990’, ‘Irtysh 22’, ‘Pokrovskyі 9’ (Russia), ‘Faks’ (Belarus), ‘Stendskaia Darta’, ‘Stendskaia Mara’ (Latvia) contained a large mass of grains (more than 2,5 g), panicle productivity in these samples was rather high both due to increased amount of grains in it and at the expense of thousand-kernel weight. Analysis of the study results showed that introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe zone and can be recommended as an initial material in breeding for increasing productive and adaptive capacity.

Purpose. To make comprehensive assessment of introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine for the set of productivity and adaptability indices in order to define the most valuable ones and describe them. Methods. Field study, laboratory analysis, generalization. Results. The authors presented results of the study, evaluation and description of 35 new samples of oats from 5 countries for productivity and adaptability traits during 2011–2015 in Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production to be run by the V. Ya. Yuriev Institute for Plant Production of NAAS. In field and laboratory conditions, the following indicators as yielding, productivity, thousand-kernel weight, early ripening, height of plants and length of panicle, lodging resistance were stu­died. Conclusions. A set of studies of new oat samples under various weather conditions allowed to identify material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters. During studies, it was found that ‘Laima’, ‘Stendskaia Darta’ (Latvia), ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Faks’ (Belarus) were the high-yielding varieties. Panicles in such oats samples as ‘Cwal’, ‘Borowiak’ (Poland), ‘Iakov’, ‘Mutika 1077’, ‘Mutika 990’, ‘Irtysh 22’, ‘Pokrovskyі 9’ (Russia), ‘Faks’ (Belarus), ‘Stendskaia Darta’, ‘Stendskaia Mara’ (Latvia) contained a large mass of grains (more than 2,5 g), panicle productivity in these samples was rather high both due to increased amount of grains in it and at the expense of thousand-kernel weight. Analysis of the study results showed that introduced oat samples of various eco-geographical origin were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe zone and can be recommended as an initial material in breeding for increasing productive and adaptive capacity.

Purpose. To analyze the Ukrainian names of the fruit crops which varieties are undergoing scientific and technical examination. Results. Names of fruit crops form a separate terminological system based on one-word fruit plant names. Names of new introduced fruit crops usually are borrowed from the language of that country where the crop has extended and whence it has spread, or on the basis of a Latin generic name. Conclusions. The registered varieties of fruit plants in Ukraine belong to 48 crops. Formation of names of fruit crops has begun in ancient times and is continuing until now. Crop names, as a rule, consist of one word; two-word names occur as an exception, if so, an adjective should be places ahead of a noun. Names of fruit crops and the name of botanic taxa are specific, belong to different terminological systems and perform different functions.

Purpose. To analyze the Ukrainian names of the fruit crops which varieties are undergoing scientific and technical examination.Results. Names of fruit crops form a separate terminological system based on one-word fruit plant names. Names of new introduced fruit crops usually are borrowed from the language of that country where the crop has extended and whence it has spread, or on the basis of a Latin generic name.Conclusions. The registered varieties of fruit plants in Ukraine belong to 48 crops. Formation of names of fruit crops has begun in ancient times and is continuing until now. Crop names, as a rule, consist of one word; two-word names occur as an exception, if so, an adjective should be places ahead of a noun. Names of fruit crops and the name of botanic taxa are specific, belong to different terminological systems and perform different functions. | Цель. Проанализировать украинские названия плодовых культур, сорта которых проходят научно-техническую экспертизу.Результаты. Названия плодовых культур образуют отдельную терминологическую систему на основе однословных названий плодовых растений. Названия новых интродуцированных плодовых культур обычно заимствуют из языка той страны, где культура возникла и откуда она распространилась, или на основе латинского родового названия.Выводы. Зарегистрированные в Украине сорта плодовых растений можно распределить между 48 культурами. Формирование названий плодовых культур началось с незапамятных времен и длится до сих пор. Названия культур, как правило, однословные; двухсловные бывают в порядке исключения, в них прилагательное предшествует существительному. Названия плодовых культур и названия ботанических таксонов являются специфическими, принадлежат к разным терминологическим системам и выполняют разные функции. | Мета. Проаналізувати українські назви плодових культур, сорти яких проходять науково-технічну експертизу.Результати. Назви плодових культур утворюють окрему термінологічну систему на основі однослівних назв плодових рослин. Назви нових інтродукованих плодових культур зазвичай запозичують з мови тієї країни, де культура виникла й звідки вона поширилася, або на основі латинської родової назви.Висновки. Зареєстровані в Україні сорти плодових рослин можна розподілити між 48 культурами. Формування назв плодових культур розпочалося за прадавніх часів і триває донині. Назви культур, як правило, є однослівними; двослівні бувають як виняток, у них прикметник передує іменнику Назви плодових культур і назви ботанічних таксонів є специфічними, належать до різних термінологічних систем і виконують різні функції.

Purpose. To analyze the Ukrainian names of the fruit crops which varieties are undergoing scientific and technical examination. Results. Names of fruit crops form a separate terminological system based on one-word fruit plant names. Names of new introduced fruit crops usually are borrowed from the language of that country where the crop has extended and whence it has spread, or on the basis of a Latin generic name. Conclusions. The registered varieties of fruit plants in Ukraine belong to 48 crops. Formation of names of fruit crops has begun in ancient times and is continuing until now. Crop names, as a rule, consist of one word; two-word names occur as an exception, if so, an adjective should be places ahead of a noun. Names of fruit crops and the name of botanic taxa are specific, belong to different terminological systems and perform different functions.

Purpose. To analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances (VOS) in the petals of six species of dog-rose in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for further bree­ding. Methods. Volatile organic substances were obtained by steam distillation. VOS was determined using gas chromato­graphy (Chromatograph Agilent Technologies 6890). Results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances in the petals in such species as Rosa L. (R. roullettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.) was investigated. According to the results of the research, 105 VOS were discovered in the dog-rose petals, among which 11 were not identified. The dog-rose petals of identified VOC contained 16 components which share exceeds 5%, 31 – was ranging from 1% to 5%, 47 – was less than 1%. They belonged to different groups including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene alcohols, saturated unbranched hydrocarbons etc. The largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45), while the number of identified components in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31) and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. All studied dog-rose species were characterized by the presence of such saturated unbranched hydrocarbons as decan, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nanodecane, heneicosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, heptocosane, hentriacontane. Triterpene hydrocarbon squalene is the important component of the VOS complex in dog-rose pen tals. b-phenylethyl alcohol to be one of the main components of the rose essential oils was found during investigation in the following four dog-rose species as R. centifolia (0.61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3.56%), R. rugosa (4.24%), and R. multiflora (5.43%). Significant content of dihydro-b-ionol (18.46%), dihydro-b-ionone (0.69%), thias­piran A (1.35%), and thiaspiran B (2.17%) were revealed in the petals of R. roulettii, which also have an influence on the aromatic bouquet of the rose oil. Conclusions. For the first time, 105 volatile organic substances were found in the petals of six species of dog-rose, 11 of which were not identified. It was found out that the largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45). The number of VOS identified in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31), and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. Component composition of VOS in the petals of studied dog-rose species is an important constituent in breeding investigations of prospective producers for the various purposes of use.

Purpose. To analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances (VOS) in the petals of six species of dog-rose in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for further bree­ding. Methods. Volatile organic substances were obtained by steam distillation. VOS was determined using gas chromato­graphy (Chromatograph Agilent Technologies 6890). Results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances in the petals in such species as Rosa L. (R. roullettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.) was investigated. According to the results of the research, 105 VOS were discovered in the dog-rose petals, among which 11 were not identified. The dog-rose petals of identified VOC contained 16 components which share exceeds 5%, 31 – was ranging from 1% to 5%, 47 – was less than 1%. They belonged to different groups including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene alcohols, saturated unbranched hydrocarbons etc. The largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45), while the number of identified components in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31) and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. All studied dog-rose species were characterized by the presence of such saturated unbranched hydrocarbons as decan, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nanodecane, heneicosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, heptocosane, hentriacontane. Triterpene hydrocarbon squalene is the important component of the VOS complex in dog-rose pen tals. b-phenylethyl alcohol to be one of the main components of the rose essential oils was found during investigation in the following four dog-rose species as R. centifolia (0.61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3.56%), R. rugosa (4.24%), and R. multiflora (5.43%). Significant content of dihydro-b-ionol (18.46%), dihydro-b-ionone (0.69%), thias­piran A (1.35%), and thiaspiran B (2.17%) were revealed in the petals of R. roulettii, which also have an influence on the aromatic bouquet of the rose oil. Conclusions. For the first time, 105 volatile organic substances were found in the petals of six species of dog-rose, 11 of which were not identified. It was found out that the largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45). The number of VOS identified in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31), and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. Component composition of VOS in the petals of studied dog-rose species is an important constituent in breeding investigations of prospective producers for the various purposes of use.

Purpose. To analyse the qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances (VOS) in the petals of six species of dog-rose in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the NAS of Ukraine for further bree­ding.Methods. Volatile organic substances were obtained by steam distillation. VOS was determined using gas chromato­graphy (Chromatograph Agilent Technologies 6890).Results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile organic substances in the petals in such species as Rosa L. (R. roullettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.) was investigated. According to the results of the research, 105 VOS were discovered in the dog-rose petals, among which 11 were not identified. The dog-rose petals of identified VOC contained 16 components which share exceeds 5%, 31 – was ranging from 1% to 5%, 47 – was less than 1%. They belonged to different groups including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpene alcohols, saturated unbranched hydrocarbons etc. The largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45), while the number of identified components in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31) and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. All studied dog-rose species were characterized by the presence of such saturated unbranched hydrocarbons as decan, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nanodecane, heneicosane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, heptocosane, hentriacontane. Triterpene hydrocarbon squalene is the important component of the VOS complex in dog-rose pen tals. b-phenylethyl alcohol to be one of the main components of the rose essential oils was found during investigation in the following four dog-rose species as R. centifolia (0.61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3.56%), R. rugosa (4.24%), and R. multiflora (5.43%). Significant content of dihydro-b-ionol (18.46%), dihydro-b-ionone (0.69%), thias­piran A (1.35%), and thiaspiran B (2.17%) were revealed in the petals of R. roulettii, which also have an influence on the aromatic bouquet of the rose oil.Conclusions. For the first time, 105 volatile organic substances were found in the petals of six species of dog-rose, 11 of which were not identified. It was found out that the largest number of components were identified in the petals of R. roulettii (49) and R. centifolia (45). The number of VOS identified in species R. multiflora (33), R. rugosa (31), and R. canina (30) was relatively smaller. Component composition of VOS in the petals of studied dog-rose species is an important constituent in breeding investigations of prospective producers for the various purposes of use. | Цель. Проанализировать количественный и качест­венный состав летучих органических веществ (ЛОВ) лепестков шести видов шиповника коллекции Национального ботанического сада им. Н. Н. Гришко НАН Украины для дальнейшей селекционной работы.Методы. Летучие органические вещества получали методом отгонки с водяным паром. ЛОВ определяли с помощью газовой хроматографии (хроматограф Agilent Technologies 6890).Результаты. Исследованы качественный и количественный состав ЛОВ в лепестках видов шиповника рода Rosa L. (R. roulettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.). По результатам исследований в лепестках шиповника выявлено 105 ЛОР, из них 11 не идентифицированы. Среди идентифицированных ЛОВ в лепестках шиповника содержание 16 компонентов превышало 5%, 31 – от 1 до 5%, 47 – до 1%. Они относятся к разным группам: монотерпеноиды, сесквитерпеноиды, сесквитерпеновые спирты, насыщенные неразветвленные углеводороды и др. В лепестках R. roulettii и R. centifolia идентифицировано найбольшее количество компонентов – 49 и 45 соответственно, в то время как в R. multiflora, R. rugosa и R. canina количество идентифицированных компонентов составляло – 33, 31 и 30 соответственно. Для всех исследованных видов шиповников характерно наличие таких насыщенных неразветвленных углеводородов, как декан, тетрадеканом, пентадекан, гексадекан, гептадекан, октадекан, нанодекан, генейкозан, трикозан, тетракозан, пентакозан, гептокозан, нанокозан, гентриаконтан. Важной составляю­щей комплекса ЛОР лепестков шиповника является тритерпеновый углеводород сквален. В процессе исследований у четырех видов шиповника – R. centifolia (0,61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3,56%), R. rugosa (4,24%), R. multiflora (5,43%) – выявлен b-фенилэтиловый спирт, являющейся одним из основных компонентов эфирных масел роз. В лепестках R. roulettii накапливается значительное количество дигидро-b-ионола (18,46%), дигидро-b-ионона (0,69%), тиаспирана А (1,35%) и тиаспирана В (2,17%), который также влияет на аромат розового масла.Выводы. Впервые выявлено 105 летучих органических веществ в лепестках шести видов шиповника, среди которых 11 не были идентифицированы. Установлено, что в лепестках R. roulettii и R. centifolia идентифицировано наибольшее количество компонентов – 49 и 45 соответственно, в лепестках R. multiflora, R. rugosa и R. canina – 33, 31 и 30 соответственно. Компонентный состав ЛОВ лепестков исследованных видов шиповника является важной составляющей в селекционных исследованиях перспективных продуцентов для разного направления использования. | Мета. Проаналізувати якісний та кількісний склад летких органічних речовин (ЛОР) пелюсток шести видів шипшини колекції Національного ботанічного саду імені М. М. Гришка НАН України для подальшої селекційної роботи.Методи. Леткі органічні речовини одержували методом відгонки з водяною парою. ЛОР визначали за допомогою газової хроматографії (хроматограф Agilent Technologies 6890).Результати. Досліджено якісний та кількісний склад ЛОР у пелюстках видів шипшини роду Rosa L. (R. roulettii HCh (Correvon), R. multiflora Thunb., R. pimpinellifolia L., R. canina L., R. centifolia L., R. rugosa Thunb.). За результатами досліджень у пелюстках шипшини виявлено 105 ЛОР, з них 11 неідентифіковано. Серед ідентифікованих ЛОР у пелюстках шипшини вміст 16 компонентів перевищував 5%, 31 – від 1 до 5%, 47 – до 1%. Вони належать до різних груп: монотерпеноїди, сесквітерпеноїди, сесквітерпенові спирти, насичені нерозгалужені вуглеводні та ін. У пелюстках R. roulettii та R. centifolia ідентифіковано найбільшу кількість компонентів – 49 та 45 відповідно, тоді як у R. multiflora, R. rugosa та R. canina кількість ідентифікованих компонентів становила – 33, 31 та 30 відповідно. Для всіх досліджених видів шипшини характерною є наявність таких насичених нерозгалужених вуглеводнів, як декан, тетрадекан, пентадекан, гексадекан, гептадекан, октадекан, нанодекан, генейкозан, трикозан, тетракозан, пентакозан, гептокозан, нанокозан, гентриаконтан. Важливою складовою комплексу ЛОР пелюсток шипшини є тритерпеновий вуглеводень сквален. У процесі досліджень у чотирьох видів шипшин – R. centifolia (0,61%), R. pimpinellifolia (3,56%), R. rugosa (4,24%), R. multiflora (5,43%) – виявлено b-фенілетиловий спирт, що є одним з основних компонентів ефірних олій троянд. У пелюстках R. roulettii нагромаджується значна кількість дигідро-b-іонолу (18,46%), дигідро-b-іонону (0,69%), тіаспірану А (1,35%) і тіаспірану В (2,17%), який також впливає на аромат трояндової олії.Висновки. Вперше виявлено 105 летких органічних речовин у пелюстках шести видів шипшини, серед яких 11 не ідентифіковано. Встановлено, що в пелюстках R. roulettii та R. centifolia ідентифіковано найбільшу кількість компонентів – 49 та 45 відповідно, у пелюстках видів R. multiflora, R. rugosa та R. canina – 33, 31 та 30 відповідно. Компонентний склад ЛОР пелюсток досліджених видів шипшини є важливою складовою під час селекційних досліджень перспективних продуцентів для різного напряму використання.

Purpose. To establish biological features of plants growth and development and the formation of Miscanthus giganteus planting material depending on the cultivation technology elements. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, weight measu­ring, mathematical and statistical ones. Results. The features of the growth and development of the miscanthus bioenergy crop were investigated including the formation of planting material depending on the combined technology elements application during the planting time, namely: planting time, rhizome mass, the granules and the MaxiMarin absorbent gel. It was established that the increase in plant height and leaf area as well as the miscanthus stems formation was depended on both the rhizome planting time, their size, and the use of the absorbent. During three-year period, increase in plant height was more intensive and leaf area was largest in case of the absorbent application, as compared to the control during all phases of the development for the first and the second planting time regardless of rhizome mass. On the average, the largest leaf area – 1905,9 cm3 – was in the final stage of vegetation in the context of the second planting time for large rhizomes and application of granules and absorbent gel jointly. Increasing the ground mass due to plant height, leaf area and the number of stems benefited the photosynthesis productivity intensity, that influenced the root system increase, and consequently the output of the miscanthus planting material. It was found that there are direct strong correlation between these indices and the rhizome mass. Ground mass growing is contributed to the increase in the rhizome mass, and accordingly the output of the planting material – rhizome. In case of application of granules and absorbent gel jointly, the ground mass of the miscanthus was growing most intensively and accordingly the rhizome mass was the largest, which in the first year of small rhizomes planting was twice as much as compared to the control and was equal to 1090.5 g, for large rhizomes planting this index was respectively 2.4 times more and equal to 1763.9 g. During the second planting time, the application of granules and absorbent gel jointly resulted in the rhizomes mass increase for small rhizomes planting 1.9, large rhizomes – 2.1 times more as compared to the control. Conclusions. Direct strong correlations were established bet­ween the intensity of the ground mass growth – the height of plants, the number of leaves, leaf area, the number of buds and the rhizome mass. The growth of the ground mass of plants was contributed to the increase of the root system, and consequenly the output of planting material. In all sta­ges of plant development, the increase of the rhizome mass was more intensive in case of the absorbent application regardless the time of rhizome planting, as compared to the control. The application of granules and absorbent jointly allowed to form the largest rhizome mass.

Purpose. To establish biological features of plants growth and development and the formation of Miscanthus giganteus planting material depending on the cultivation technology elements. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, weight measu­ring, mathematical and statistical ones. Results. The features of the growth and development of the miscanthus bioenergy crop were investigated including the formation of planting material depending on the combined technology elements application during the planting time, namely: planting time, rhizome mass, the granules and the MaxiMarin absorbent gel. It was established that the increase in plant height and leaf area as well as the miscanthus stems formation was depended on both the rhizome planting time, their size, and the use of the absorbent. During three-year period, increase in plant height was more intensive and leaf area was largest in case of the absorbent application, as compared to the control during all phases of the development for the first and the second planting time regardless of rhizome mass. On the average, the largest leaf area – 1905,9 cm3 – was in the final stage of vegetation in the context of the second planting time for large rhizomes and application of granules and absorbent gel jointly. Increasing the ground mass due to plant height, leaf area and the number of stems benefited the photosynthesis productivity intensity, that influenced the root system increase, and consequently the output of the miscanthus planting material. It was found that there are direct strong correlation between these indices and the rhizome mass. Ground mass growing is contributed to the increase in the rhizome mass, and accordingly the output of the planting material – rhizome. In case of application of granules and absorbent gel jointly, the ground mass of the miscanthus was growing most intensively and accordingly the rhizome mass was the largest, which in the first year of small rhizomes planting was twice as much as compared to the control and was equal to 1090.5 g, for large rhizomes planting this index was respectively 2.4 times more and equal to 1763.9 g. During the second planting time, the application of granules and absorbent gel jointly resulted in the rhizomes mass increase for small rhizomes planting 1.9, large rhizomes – 2.1 times more as compared to the control. Conclusions. Direct strong correlations were established bet­ween the intensity of the ground mass growth – the height of plants, the number of leaves, leaf area, the number of buds and the rhizome mass. The growth of the ground mass of plants was contributed to the increase of the root system, and consequenly the output of planting material. In all sta­ges of plant development, the increase of the rhizome mass was more intensive in case of the absorbent application regardless the time of rhizome planting, as compared to the control. The application of granules and absorbent jointly allowed to form the largest rhizome mass.

Purpose. To establish biological features of plants growth and development and the formation of Miscanthus giganteus planting material depending on the cultivation technology elements. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, weight measu­ring, mathematical and statistical ones.Results. The features of the growth and development of the miscanthus bioenergy crop were investigated including the formation of planting material depending on the combined technology elements application during the planting time, namely: planting time, rhizome mass, the granules and the MaxiMarin absorbent gel. It was established that the increase in plant height and leaf area as well as the miscanthus stems formation was depended on both the rhizome planting time, their size, and the use of the absorbent. During three-year period, increase in plant height was more intensive and leaf area was largest in case of the absorbent application, as compared to the control during all phases of the development for the first and the second planting time regardless of rhizome mass. On the average, the largest leaf area – 1905,9 cm3 – was in the final stage of vegetation in the context of the second planting time for large rhizomes and application of granules and absorbent gel jointly. Increasing the ground mass due to plant height, leaf area and the number of stems benefited the photosynthesis productivity intensity, that influenced the root system increase, and consequently the output of the miscanthus planting material. It was found that there are direct strong correlation between these indices and the rhizome mass. Ground mass growing is contributed to the increase in the rhizome mass, and accordingly the output of the planting material – rhizome. In case of application of granules and absorbent gel jointly, the ground mass of the miscanthus was growing most intensively and accordingly the rhizome mass was the largest, which in the first year of small rhizomes planting was twice as much as compared to the control and was equal to 1090.5 g, for large rhizomes planting this index was respectively 2.4 times more and equal to 1763.9 g. During the second planting time, the application of granules and absorbent gel jointly resulted in the rhizomes mass increase for small rhizomes planting 1.9, large rhizomes – 2.1 times more as compared to the control.Conclusions. Direct strong correlations were established bet­ween the intensity of the ground mass growth – the height of plants, the number of leaves, leaf area, the number of buds and the rhizome mass. The growth of the ground mass of plants was contributed to the increase of the root system, and consequenly the output of planting material. In all sta­ges of plant development, the increase of the rhizome mass was more intensive in case of the absorbent application regardless the time of rhizome planting, as compared to the control. The application of granules and absorbent jointly allowed to form the largest rhizome mass. | Цель. Выявить биологические особенности роста и развития растений и формирования посадочного материала мискантуса гигантского в зависимости от элементов технологии выращивания.Методы. Полевой, лабораторный, визуальный, измерительно-весовой и математико-статистический. Результаты. Исследованы особенности роста и развития биоэнергетической культуры мискантуса, формирования посадочного материала в зависимости от комплексного применения элементов технологии, а именно: сроков посадки, массы ризом, а также гранул и геля абсорбента MaxiMarin в период посадки. Установлено, что прирост высоты растений, увеличение площади листьев и формирование стеблей мискантуса зависели как от сроков посадки ризом, их величины, так и от применения абсорбента. За трёхлетний период прирост высоты растений был более интенсивным, а площадь листовой поверхности – наибольшей при применении абсорбента по сравнению с контролем во всех фазах развития и при обоих сроках посадки независимо от массы ризом. В среднем наибольшей – 1905,9 см3 – площадь листовой поверхности была на период окончания вегетации при втором сроке посадки крупных ризом при совместном использовании гранул и геля абсорбента. Увеличение наземной массы за счет высоты растений, площади листовой поверхности и количества стеблей способствовало повышению продуктивности фотосинтеза и влияло не только на урожайность культуры, но и на увеличение корневой системы выхода посадочного материала мискантуса. Установлены прямые сильные корреляционные связи между этими показателями и массой корневища. С нарастанием наземной массы увеличенивалась масса корневища и, соответственно, выход посадочного материала – ризом. При совместном внесении гранул и использовании геля абсорбента прирост наземной массы был наиболее интенсивным и, соответственно, наибольшей была масса корневища: при первом сроке посадки малых ризом – вдвое, при посадке больших ризом – в 2,4 раза больше, чем на контроле и составляла 1090,5 г, при посадке малых ризом – 2,4 раза и 1763,9 г соответственно. При втором сроке совместное использование гранул и геля абсорбента обеспечило увеличение массы корневища при посадке малых ризом в 1,9 раза, больших – в 2,1 раза по сравнению с контролем.Выводы. Между интенсивностью нарастания наземной массы – высотой растений, количеством листьев, площадью листовой поверхности, количеством почек и массой корневища выявлены прямые сильные корреляционные связи. Нарастание наземной массы растений способствовало увеличению корневой системы – выходу посадочного материала. Во всех фазах развития растений нарастание массы корневища было интенсивнее при использовании абсорбента, независимо от сроков посадки ризом, по сравнению с контролем. Совместное использование гранул и геля абсорбента обеспечило формирование наибольшей массы корневища. | Мета. Виявити біологічні особливості росту й розвитку рослин та формування садивного матеріалу міскантусу гігантського залежно від елементів технології вирощування.Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, візуальний, вимі­рювально-ваговий, математично-статистичний.Результати. Досліджено особливості росту й розвитку біоенергетичної культури міскантусу, формування садивного матеріалу залежно від комплексного застосування елементів технології, а саме: строків висаджування, маси ризом, гранул і гелю абсорбенту MaxiMarin у період садіння. Встановлено, що приріст висоти рослин, збільшення площі листків та формування стебел міскантусу залежали як від строків садіння ризом, їх величини, так і від застосування абсорбенту. За трирічний період приріст висоти рослин був інтенсивнішим, а площа листкової поверхні – найбільшою у разі застосування абсорбенту, порівняно з контролем у всіх фазах розвитку за обох строків садіння незалежно від маси ризом. У середньому найбільша площа листкової поверхні – 1905,9 см3 – була на період закінчення вегетації за другого строку садіння великих ризом за спільного використання гранул та гелю абсорбенту. Збільшення наземної маси за рахунок висоти рослин, площі листкової поверхні та кількості стебел сприяло підвищенню продуктивності фотосинтезу, що впливало на збільшення кореневої системи – виходу садивного матеріалу міскантусу. Виявлено прямі сильні кореляційні зв’язки між цими показниками та масою кореневища. З наростанням наземної маси збільшувалася маса кореневища, а відповідно й вихід садивного матеріалу – ризом. За спільного внесення гранул і використання гелю абсорбенту найінтенсивніше наростала наземна маса рослин і, відповідно, найбільшою була маса кореневища: в перший строк садіння малих ризом вдвічі більшою, ніж на контролі та становила 1090,5 г, за садіння великих ризом – у 2,4 раза та 1763,9 г відповідно. За другого строку спільне застосування гранул і гелю абсорбенту забезпечило збільшення маси кореневища за садіння малих ризом у 1,9, великих – у 2,1 раза порівняно з контролем.Висновки. Між інтенсивністю наростання наземної маси – висотою рослин, кількістю листків, площею листкової поверхні, кількістю бруньок і масою кореневища виявлено прямі сильні кореляційні зв’язки. Наростання наземної маси рослин сприяло збільшенню кореневої системи – виходу садивного матеріалу. У всіх фазах розвитку рослин наростання маси кореневища було інтенсивнішим у разі використання абсорбенту, незалежно від строків садіння ризом, порівняно з контролем. Спільне використання гранул і гелю абсорбенту забезпечило формування найбільшої маси кореневища.

Purpose. To analyze the level of cross-resistance of obtained salt- and osmotolerant cell lines and plants regenerants of winter triticale to osmotic and salt stresses. Methods. Cultures of tissue and organs in vitro, in vitro breeding, biochemical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the stability of cross-resistance trait display to saline and osmotic stresses in obtained cell lines of winter triticale was rather high – from 50 to 76% of calli have survived to the end of the sixth passage. It has been shown that despite the presence of sublethal concentrations of the stress-factor (mannitol/sodium chloride) in selective medium, stable cell lines of the triticale actively continued to grow and accumulate biomass. It was found that in the line ‘38/1296’ cell lines 5L/sl and 5L/os respectively were the most resistant to osmotic and salt stresses, and lines 1C/s1 and 1C/os respectively in the ‘Obrii’ variety, since they had the highest percent of living calli and biomass increment under the selective conditions and their plant regenerant – the highest level of survival after the impact of the abiotic stressors complex. The salt-resistant cell lines of both genotypes of winter triticale as compared to the control were also characterized by significantly higher free proline content under the selective factors impact. The results obtained may indicate that the cell lines and triticale plant regenerants have a genetically determined trait of resistance to stress factors. Conclusions. Verification of traits of resistance to abiotic stressors has shown a significantly high level of cross-tolerance of the obtained cell lines of both triticale genotypes for saline and osmotic stresses. Resistance to saline and osmotic stresses of cells separated in vitro was preserved in induced plants and at the organism level has increased tolerance to abiotic environmental factors. It is shown that due to the general non-specific mechanisms of resistance, the capacity of the callus cultures of triticale to resist to one abiotic stressor can lead to increased tolerance for another one.

Purpose. To analyze the level of cross-resistance of obtained salt- and osmotolerant cell lines and plants regenerants of winter triticale to osmotic and salt stresses. Methods. Cultures of tissue and organs in vitro, in vitro breeding, biochemical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the stability of cross-resistance trait display to saline and osmotic stresses in obtained cell lines of winter triticale was rather high – from 50 to 76% of calli have survived to the end of the sixth passage. It has been shown that despite the presence of sublethal concentrations of the stress-factor (mannitol/sodium chloride) in selective medium, stable cell lines of the triticale actively continued to grow and accumulate biomass. It was found that in the line ‘38/1296’ cell lines 5L/sl and 5L/os respectively were the most resistant to osmotic and salt stresses, and lines 1C/s1 and 1C/os respectively in the ‘Obrii’ variety, since they had the highest percent of living calli and biomass increment under the selective conditions and their plant regenerant – the highest level of survival after the impact of the abiotic stressors complex. The salt-resistant cell lines of both genotypes of winter triticale as compared to the control were also characterized by significantly higher free proline content under the selective factors impact. The results obtained may indicate that the cell lines and triticale plant regenerants have a genetically determined trait of resistance to stress factors. Conclusions. Verification of traits of resistance to abiotic stressors has shown a significantly high level of cross-tolerance of the obtained cell lines of both triticale genotypes for saline and osmotic stresses. Resistance to saline and osmotic stresses of cells separated in vitro was preserved in induced plants and at the organism level has increased tolerance to abiotic environmental factors. It is shown that due to the general non-specific mechanisms of resistance, the capacity of the callus cultures of triticale to resist to one abiotic stressor can lead to increased tolerance for another one.

Purpose. To analyze the level of cross-resistance of obtained salt- and osmotolerant cell lines and plants regenerants of winter triticale to osmotic and salt stresses. Methods. Cultures of tissue and organs in vitro, in vitro breeding, biochemical, statistical analysis. Results. It was established that the stability of cross-resistance trait display to saline and osmotic stresses in obtained cell lines of winter triticale was rather high – from 50 to 76% of calli have survived to the end of the sixth passage. It has been shown that despite the presence of sublethal concentrations of the stress-factor (mannitol/sodium chloride) in selective medium, stable cell lines of the triticale actively continued to grow and accumulate biomass. It was found that in the line ‘38/1296’ cell lines 5L/sl and 5L/os respectively were the most resistant to osmotic and salt stresses, and lines 1C/s1 and 1C/os respectively in the ‘Obrii’ variety, since they had the highest percent of living calli and biomass increment under the selective conditions and their plant regenerant – the highest level of survival after the impact of the abiotic stressors complex. The salt-resistant cell lines of both genotypes of winter triticale as compared to the control were also characterized by significantly higher free proline content under the selective factors impact. The results obtained may indicate that the cell lines and triticale plant regenerants have a genetically determined trait of resistance to stress factors.Conclusions. Verification of traits of resistance to abiotic stressors has shown a significantly high level of cross-tolerance of the obtained cell lines of both triticale genotypes for saline and osmotic stresses. Resistance to saline and osmotic stresses of cells separated in vitro was preserved in induced plants and at the organism level has increased tolerance to abiotic environmental factors. It is shown that due to the general non-specific mechanisms of resistance, the capacity of the callus cultures of triticale to resist to one abiotic stressor can lead to increased tolerance for another one. | Цель. Проанализировать уровень перекрестной устойчивости полученных соле- и осмоустойчивых клеточных линий и растений-регенерантов тритикале озимого к осмотическому и солевому стрессам. Методы. Культуры тканей и органов in vitro, селекции in vitro, биохимические, статистический анализ. Результаты. Установлено, что стабильность проявления признака перекрестной устойчивости как к солевому, так и осмотическому стрессам у полученных клеточных линий тритикале озимого была на достаточно высоком уровне – к концу шестого пассажа выживало от 50 до 76% каллусов. Показано, что, несмотря на наличие в селективной среде сублетальной концентрации стресс-фактора (маннита/хлорида натрия), устойчивые клеточные линии тритикале активно продолжали свой рост и накапливали биомассу. Выявлено, что в линии ‘38/1296’ наиболее устойчивыми к осмотическому и солевому стрессам были клеточные линии 5Л/сл и 5Л/ос соответственно, а у сорта ‘Обрий’ – 1С/сл и 1С/ос соответственно, поскольку они имели самую высокую долю живых каллусов и прирост биомассы в селективных условиях, а растения-регенеранты из них – наивысший уровень выживания после воздействия комплекса абиотических стрессоров. Солеустойчивые клеточные линии обоих генотипов тритикале озимого по сравнению с контролем характеризовались также достоверно более высоким содержанием свободного пролина при действии селективных факторов. Полученные результаты могут свидетельствовать о том, что клеточные линии и растения-регенеранты тритикале имеют генетически обусловленный признак устойчивости к стрессовым факторам. Выводы. Проверка признаков устойчивости к абиотическим стрессорам показала достаточно высокий уровень перекрестной толерантности полученных клеточных линий обоих генотипов тритикале как к солевому, так и к осмотическому стрессам. Устойчивость к солевому и осмотическому стрессам выделенных in vitro клеток сохранилась в индуцированных растениях и на уровне организма обеспечила повышение толерантности к абиотическим факторам среды. Показано, что благодаря общим неспецифическим механизмам устойчивости резистентность каллусных культур тритикале к одному абиотическому стрессору может приводить к повышению толерантности и к другому. | Мета. Проаналізувати рівень перехресної стійкості отриманих соле- та осмостійких клітинних ліній і рослин-регенерантів тритикале озимого до осмотичного та сольового стресів.Методи. Культури тканин і органів in vitro, селекції in vitro, біохімічні, статистичний аналіз.Результати. Встановлено, що стабільність прояву ознаки перехресної стійкості як до сольового, так і до осмотичного стресів у отриманих клітинних ліній тритикале озимого була на досить високому рівні – до кінця шостого пасажу виживало від 50 до 76% калюсів. Показано, що, незважаючи на наявність у селективному середовищі сублетальної концентрації стрес-фактора (маніту/хлориду натрію), стійкі клітинні лінії тритикале активно продовжували рости й накопичувати біомасу. Виявлено, що у лінії ‘38/1296’ найбільш стійкими до осмотичного та сольового стресів були клітинні лінії 5Л/сл та 5Л/ос відповідно, а в сорту ‘Обрій’ – 1С/сл та 1С/ос відповідно, оскільки вони мали найвищу частку живих калюсів та приріст біомаси за селективних умов, а рослини-регенеранти з них – найвищий рівень виживання після дії комплексу абіотичних стресорів. Солестійкі клітинні лінії обох генотипів тритикале озимого порівняно з контролем характеризувались також достовірно вищим вмістом вільного проліну за дії селективних чинників. Одержані результати можуть свідчити про те, що клітинні лінії та рослини-регенеранти тритикале мають генетично обумовлену ознаку стійкості до стресових факторів.Висновки. Перевірка ознак стійкості до абіотичних стресорів засвідчила досить високий рівень перехресної толерантності отриманих клітинних ліній обох генотипів тритикале як до сольового, так і до осмотичного стресів. Стійкість до сольового та осмотичного стресів виділених in vitro клітин збереглась у індукованих рослинах і на організмовому рівні забезпечила підвищення толерантності до абіотичних факторів середовища. Показано, що завдяки загальним неспецифічним механізмам стійкості резистентність калюсних культур тритикале до одного абіотичного стресора може призводити до підвищення толерантності й до іншого.

Purpose. To conduct in vitro screening of different genotypes of winter triticale for resistance to salinity in the shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture in vitro, in vitro breeding, statistical analysis. Results. It was found that the increase of sodium chloride concentration from 0.6 to 1.5% resulted in inhibition of the callus culture growth in all genotypes that was indicative of the toxic effect of the stress factor. It turns out that 1.2% sodium chloride concentration allowed to differentiate triticale genotypes for salt tolerance. The line ‘38/1296’ appeared to be the most resistant to salinity stress because under breeding conditions calli of this genotype were characterized by higher morphogenetic potential, had the highest crude mass increase, and plants-regenerants were obtained only from explants of this line after cultivation on the medium containing 1.5% sodium chloride. The ‘ADM 11’ variety was the most sensitive to saline stress as mass necrosis and lack of regenerative ability in its calli were observed under breeding conditions. In the studied forms, genotypic dependence of morphogenesis processes in vitro culture was registered. From the induced calli, plants-regenerants were obtained, and their completion of growing, root development and transfer to in vivo conditions were optimized. Conclusions. Genotypic response to salinity stress in the culture of shoot apical meristems of winter triticale was expressed by various crude mass increase and different morphogenetic potential on exposure to a stress factor. The line ‘38/1296’ can be used as a valuable material for further breeding of winter triticale. The culture of shoot apical meristems is recommended to apply as a test system for screening of triticale genotypes for resistance to salinity stress

Purpose. To conduct in vitro screening of different genotypes of winter triticale for resistance to salinity in the shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture in vitro, in vitro breeding, statistical analysis. Results. It was found that the increase of sodium chloride concentration from 0.6 to 1.5% resulted in inhibition of the callus culture growth in all genotypes that was indicative of the toxic effect of the stress factor. It turns out that 1.2% sodium chloride concentration allowed to differentiate triticale genotypes for salt tolerance. The line ‘38/1296’ appeared to be the most resistant to salinity stress because under breeding conditions calli of this genotype were characterized by higher morphogenetic potential, had the highest crude mass increase, and plants-regenerants were obtained only from explants of this line after cultivation on the medium containing 1.5% sodium chloride. The ‘ADM 11’ variety was the most sensitive to saline stress as mass necrosis and lack of regenerative ability in its calli were observed under breeding conditions. In the studied forms, genotypic dependence of morphogenesis processes in vitro culture was registered. From the induced calli, plants-regenerants were obtained, and their completion of growing, root development and transfer to in vivo conditions were optimized. Conclusions. Genotypic response to salinity stress in the culture of shoot apical meristems of winter triticale was expressed by various crude mass increase and different morphogenetic potential on exposure to a stress factor. The line ‘38/1296’ can be used as a valuable material for further breeding of winter triticale. The culture of shoot apical meristems is recommended to apply as a test system for screening of triticale genotypes for resistance to salinity stress

Purpose. To conduct in vitro screening of different genotypes of winter triticale for resistance to salinity in the shoot apical meristem culture. Methods. Plant tissue culture in vitro, in vitro breeding, statistical analysis. Results. It was found that the increase of sodium chloride concentration from 0.6 to 1.5% resulted in inhibition of the callus culture growth in all genotypes that was indicative of the toxic effect of the stress factor. It turns out that 1.2% sodium chloride concentration allowed to differentiate triticale genotypes for salt tolerance. The line ‘38/1296’ appeared to be the most resistant to salinity stress because under breeding conditions calli of this genotype were characterized by higher morphogenetic potential, had the highest crude mass increase, and plants-regenerants were obtained only from explants of this line after cultivation on the medium containing 1.5% sodium chloride. The ‘ADM 11’ variety was the most sensitive to saline stress as mass necrosis and lack of regenerative ability in its calli were observed under breeding conditions. In the studied forms, genotypic dependence of morphogenesis processes in vitro culture was registered. From the induced calli, plants-regenerants were obtained, and their completion of growing, root development and transfer to in vivo conditions were optimized. Conclusions. Genotypic response to salinity stress in the culture of shoot apical meristems of winter triticale was expressed by various crude mass increase and different morphogenetic potential on exposure to a stress factor. The line ‘38/1296’ can be used as a valuable material for further breeding of winter triticale. The culture of shoot apical meristems is recommended to apply as a test system for screening of triticale genotypes for resistance to salinity stress | Цель. Провести скрининг in vitro различных генотипов тритикале озимого на устойчивость к засолению в культуре апикальных меристем побегов. Методы. Культуры тканей и органов in vitro, селекция in vitro, статистический анализ. Результаты. Выявлено, что с увеличением концентрации хлорида натрия с 0,6 до 1,5% у всех генотипов происходило подавление роста каллусной культуры, что свидетельствует о токсическом воздействии стрессового фактора. Установлено, что концентрация 1,2% хлорида натрия позволяет дифференцировать генотипы тритикале по солеустойчивости. Определено, что наибольшей устойчивостью к солевому стрессу характеризовалась линия ‘38/1296’, поскольку каллусы этого генотипа в селективных условиях выделялись относительно повышенным морфогенетическим потенциалом, имели наибольший прирост сырой массы, и только с эксплантов этой линии после культивирования на среде с хлоридом натрия концентрацией 1,5% были получены растения-регенеранты. Сорт ‘АДМ 11’ оказался наиболее чувствительным к солевому стрессу, так как в его каллусах в селективных условиях был обнаружен массовый некроз и отсутствие регенерационной способности. У изученных форм отмечено генотипическую зависимость процессов морфогенеза в культуре in vitro. С индуцированных каллусов получены растения-регенеранты, оптимизировано их доращивание, укоренение и перевод в условия in vivo. Выводы. Генотипическая реакция на солевой стресс в культуре апикальных меристем побегов тритикале озимого проявлялась неодинаковым приростом сырой массы и различным морфогенетическим потенциалом при действии стрессового фактора. Линия ‘38/1296’ может быть использована как ценный материал для дальнейшей селекции тритикале озимого. Культуру апикальных меристем побегов рекомендуется применять как тест-систему для проведения скрининга генотипов тритикале на устойчивость к солевому стрессу. | Мета. Провести скринінг in vitro різних генотипів тритикале озимого на стійкість проти засолення в культурі апікальних меристем пагонів.Методи. Культура тканин і органів in vitro, селекція in vitro, статистичний аналіз. Результати. Виявлено, що зі збільшенням концентрації хлориду натрію з 0,6 до 1,5% у всіх генотипів відбувалося пригнічення росту калюсної культури, що свідчить про токсичний вплив стресового чинника. Встановлено, що концентрація 1,2% хлориду натрію дає змогу диференціювати генотипи тритикале за солестійкістю. Визначено, що найбільшою стійкістю проти сольового стресу характеризувалася лінія ‘38/1296’, оскільки калюси цього генотипу в селективних умовах відрізнялися підвищеним морфогенетичним потенціалом, мали найбільший приріст сирої маси, і лише з експлантів цієї лінії після культивування на середовищі з хлоридом натрію концентрацією 1,5% було отримано рослини-регенеранти. Сорт ‘АДМ 11’ виявився найчутливішим до сольового стресу, тому що в його калюсах в селективних умовах було виявлено масовий некроз та відсутність регенераційної здатності. У вивчених форм зазначено генотипову залежність процесів морфогенезу в культурі in vitro. З індукованих калюсів отримано рослини-регенеранти, оптимізовано їх дорощування, вкорінення та переведення в умови in vivo.Висновки. Генотипова реакція на сольовий стрес у культурі апікальних меристем пагонів тритикале озимого проявлялася неоднаковим приростом сирої маси та різним морфогенетичним потенціалом. Лінія ‘38/1296’ може бути використана як цінний матеріал для подальшої селекції тритикале озимого. Культуру апікальних меристем пагонів рекомендовано застосовувати як тест-систему для проведення скринінгу генотипів тритикале на стійкість проти сольового стресу.

Purpose. To study the molecular genetic polymorphism in new soybean varieties using SSR-markers as for the possibility to apply it for examination of varieties for difference, uniformity and stability. Methods. Molecular genetic analysis of nucleic acids, cluster analysis. Results. The results of study of molecular genetic polymorphism in 25 varieties of soybean through microsatellite markers using polymerase chain reaction were presented. Analysis of the amplification products has showed that for all the studied SSR-markers intra-species polymorphism was observed in the ‘Alinda’ variety, for the loci Satt 228 and Satt 726 – in the ‘Arnica’ variety, for the loci Satt 063 and Satt 726 – in the ‘Furio’ variety, which was taken into account in further studies of some genotypes. When asses­sing polymorphism in the studied varieties, it was determined that the frequencies of the identified alleles were ranging from 0,02 to 0,1 that depended on the microsatellite locus. Using cluster analysis, genetic distances were determined between varie­ties. The distance between many varieties, particularly in 59 cases, was 3.61, 3.16 and 2.83, these values of genetic distances prevailed in the studied sample of varieties. Conclusions. Analysis of molecular genetic polymorphism showed that 10 varieties were the most polymorphic among 25 studied ones, that should be taken into account in their further identification. It was determined that the identified alleles were evenly represented in the sample of studied soybean varieties, as evidenced by a high polymorphic index of the locus (0.83–0.94). According to the evaluation of gene­tic distances between varieties, it was found that the varie­ties were the most similar by loci when the genetic distances between them were 2.00, and the varieties were the most different when the distances were 3.87. Thus, the marker system, which consists of four microsatellite loci such as Satt 063, Satt 114, Satt 228 and Satt 726, is effective for defining the difference between studied soybean varieties.

Purpose. To study the molecular genetic polymorphism in new soybean varieties using SSR-markers as for the possibility to apply it for examination of varieties for difference, uniformity and stability.Methods. Molecular genetic analysis of nucleic acids, cluster analysis.Results. The results of study of molecular genetic polymorphism in 25 varieties of soybean through microsatellite markers using polymerase chain reaction were presented. Analysis of the amplification products has showed that for all the studied SSR-markers intra-species polymorphism was observed in the ‘Alinda’ variety, for the loci Satt 228 and Satt 726 – in the ‘Arnica’ variety, for the loci Satt 063 and Satt 726 – in the ‘Furio’ variety, which was taken into account in further studies of some genotypes. When asses­sing polymorphism in the studied varieties, it was determined that the frequencies of the identified alleles were ranging from 0,02 to 0,1 that depended on the microsatellite locus. Using cluster analysis, genetic distances were determined between varie­ties. The distance between many varieties, particularly in 59 cases, was 3.61, 3.16 and 2.83, these values of genetic distances prevailed in the studied sample of varieties.Conclusions. Analysis of molecular genetic polymorphism showed that 10 varieties were the most polymorphic among 25 studied ones, that should be taken into account in their further identification. It was determined that the identified alleles were evenly represented in the sample of studied soybean varieties, as evidenced by a high polymorphic index of the locus (0.83–0.94). According to the evaluation of gene­tic distances between varieties, it was found that the varie­ties were the most similar by loci when the genetic distances between them were 2.00, and the varieties were the most different when the distances were 3.87. Thus, the marker system, which consists of four microsatellite loci such as Satt 063, Satt 114, Satt 228 and Satt 726, is effective for defining the difference between studied soybean varieties. | Цель. Исследовать молекулярно-генетический полиморфизм новых сортов сои с помощью SSR-маркеров в отношении возможности применить его для экспертизы сортов на отличие, однородность и стабильность.Методы. Молекулярно-генетический анализ нуклеиновых кислот, кластерный анализ.Результаты. Приведены результаты исследований молекулярно-генетического полиморфизма 25 сортов сои по микросателлитным маркерам с использованием полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Анализ продуктов амплификации показал, что по всем исследуемым SSR-маркерам внутрисортовой полиморфизм наблюдался у сорта ‘Алинда’, по локусам Satt 228 и Satt 726 – у сорта ‘Арника’, по локусам Satt 063 и Satt 726 – y сорта ‘Фурио’, который учитывался в последующих исследованиях некоторых генотипов. При оценке полиморфизма исследуемых сортов определено, что частоты идентифицированных аллелей составляли от 0,02 до 0,1 в зависимости от микросателлитного локуса. С помощью кластерного анализа определены генетические дистанции между сортами. Расстояние между большинством сортов, в частности в 59 случаях, составляло 3,61, 3,16 и 2,83, эти значения генетических дистанций были самыми распространенными в исследуемой выборке сортов.Выводы. Анализ молекулярно-генетического полиморфизма свидетельствует, что из 25 исследуемых сортов наиболее полиморфными оказались 10, что необходимо учитывать при их дальнейшей идентификации. Определено, что идентифицированные аллели равномерно представлены в выборке исследуемых сортов сои, о чем свидетельствует высокий индекс полиморфности локуса (0,83–0,94). В результате оценки генетических дистанций между сортами было установлено, что наиболее похожими по локусам оказались сорта, генетические дистанции между которыми составляли 2,00, различными – 3,87. Таким образом, маркерная система, которая состоит из четырех микросателлитных локусов Satt 063, Satt 114, Satt 228 и Satt 726, является эффективной для определения разницы между исследуемыми сортами сои. | Мета. Дослідити молекулярно-генетичний поліморфізм нових сортів сої за допомогою SSR-маркерів (simple sequence repeat) щодо можливості застосування його для експертизи сортів рослин на відмінність, однорідність та стабільність. Методи. Молекулярно-генетичний аналіз нуклеїнових кислот, кластерний аналіз. Результати. Наведено результати досліджень молекулярно-генетичного поліморфізму 25 сортів сої за мікросателітними маркерами з використанням полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Аналіз продуктів ампліфікації свідчить, що за всіма досліджуваними SSR-маркерами внутрішньосортовий поліморфізм спостерігався в сорту ‘Алінда’, за локусами Satt 228 та Satt 726 – у сорту ‘Арніка’, за локусами Satt 063 та Satt 726 – у сорту ‘Фуріо’, який було враховано в подальших дослідженнях деяких генотипів. Під час оцінки поліморфізму досліджуваних сортів визначено, що частоти ідентифікованих алелів були в межах від 0,02 до 0,1 залежно від мікросателітного локусу. За допомогою кластерного аналізу визначено генетичні дистанції між сортами. Відстань між більшістю сортів, зокрема в 59 випадках, становила 3,61, 3,16 та 2,83, ці значення генетичних дистанцій були найпоширенішими в досліджуваній вибірці сортів. Висновки. Аналіз молекулярно-генетичного поліморфізму свідчить, що серед 25 досліджуваних сортів найбільш поліморфними були 10, що необхідно враховувати під час їх подальшої ідентифікації. Визначено, що ідентифіковані алелі рівномірно представлені у вибірці досліджуваних сортів сої, про що свідчить високий індекс поліморфності локусу (0,83–0,94). Під час оцінки генетичних дистанцій між сор­тами було встановлено, що найбільш схожими за локусами виявилися сорти, генетичні дистанції між якими становили 2,00, відмінними – 3,87. Таким чином, маркерна система, яка складається з чотирьох мікросателітних локусів – Satt 063, Satt 114, Satt 228 та Satt 726, є ефективною для визначення відмінності між досліджуваними сортами сої.