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Assemblage of encrusting organisms on floating anthropogenic debris along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf 全文
2019
Shabani, Fatemeh | Nasrolahi, Ali | Thiel, Martin
Global concern about floating marine debris and its fundamental role in shaping coastal biodiversity is growing, yet there is very little knowledge about debris-associated rafting communities in many areas of the world's oceans. In the present study, we examined the encrusting assemblage on different types of stranded debris (wood, plastic, glass, and metal cans) along the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. In total, 21 taxa were identified on 132 items. The average frequency of occurrence (±SE) across all sites and stranded debris showed that the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite (68.9 ± 1.1%), the oyster Saccostrea cucullata (40.9 ± 0.7%), the polychaete Spirobranchus kraussii (27.3 ± 0.5%), green algae (22 ± 0.5%) and the coral Paracyathus stokesii (14.4 ± 0.7%) occurred most frequently. Relative substratum coverage was highest for A. amphitrite (44.3 ± 2.7%), followed by green algae (14.4 ± 1.5%), Spirobranchus kraussii (9.3 ± 1.3%), Saccostrea cucullata (7.6 ± 1.3%) and the barnacle Microeuraphia permitini (5.8 ± 0.9%). Despite the significant difference in coverage of rafting species on plastic items among different sites, there was no clear and consistent trend of species richness and coverage from the eastern (Strait of Hormuz) to the western part of the Persian Gulf. Some rafting species (bryozoans and likely barnacles) were found to be non-indigenous species in the area. As floating marine debris can transport non-indigenous species and increase the risk of bio-invasions to this already naturally- and anthropogenically-stressed water body, comprehensive monitoring efforts should be made to elucidate the vectors and arrival of new invasive species to the region.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Recyclable plastics as substrata for settlement and growth of bryozoans Bugula neritina and barnacles Amphibalanus amphitrite 全文
2016
Li, Heng-Xiang | Orihuela, Beatriz | Zhu, Mei | Rittschof, Daniel
Plastics are common and pervasive anthropogenic debris in marine environments. Floating plastics provide opportunities to alter the abundance, distribution and invasion potential of sessile organisms that colonize them. We selected plastics from seven recycle categories and quantified settlement of (i) bryozoans Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) in the lab and in the field, and of (ii) barnacles Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) in the field. In the laboratory we cultured barnacles on the plastics for 8 weeks and quantified growth, mortality, and breaking strength of the side plates. In the field all recyclable plastics were settlement substrata for bryozoans and barnacles. Settlement depended on the type of plastic. Fewer barnacles settled on plastic surfaces compared to glass. In the lab and in the field, bryozoan settlement was higher on plastics than on glass. In static laboratory rearing, barnacles growing on plastics were initially significantly smaller than on glass. This suggested juvenile barnacles were adversely impacted by materials leaching from the plastics. Barnacle mortality was not significantly different between plastic and glass surfaces, but breaking strength of side plates of barnacles on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC) were significantly lower than breakage strength on glass. Plastics impact marine ecosystems directly by providing new surfaces for colonization with fouling organisms and by contaminants shown previously to leach out of plastics and impact biological processes.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Comparing differential tolerance of native and non-indigenous marine species to metal pollution using novel assay techniques 全文
2009
Piola, Richard F. | Johnston, Emma L.
Recent research suggests anthropogenic disturbance may disproportionately advantage non-indigenous species (NIS), aiding their establishment within impacted environments. This study used novel laboratory- and field-based toxicity testing to determine whether non-indigenous and native bryozoans (common within marine epibenthic communities worldwide) displayed differential tolerance to the common marine pollutant copper (Cu). In laboratory assays on adult colonies, NIS showed remarkable tolerance to Cu, with strong post-exposure recovery and growth. In contrast, native species displayed negative growth and reduced feeding efficiency across most exposure levels. Field transplant experiments supported laboratory findings, with NIS growing faster under Cu conditions. In field-based larval assays, NIS showed strong recruitment and growth in the presence of Cu relative to the native species. We suggest that strong selective pressures exerted by the toxic antifouling paints used on transport vectors (vessels), combined with metal contamination in estuarine environments, may result in metal tolerant NIS advantaged by anthropogenically modified selection regimes.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Macroorganisms fouled in marine anthropogenic litter (rafting) arround a tropical bay in the Southwest Atlantic 全文
2022
Póvoa, Alain Alves | de Araújo, Fábio Vieira | Skinner, Luís Felipe
The presence of floating marine anthropogenic litter in marine environments increase the possibility of transportation of fouling organisms using these substrates as a vector, mainly for those species with close affinities to artificial substrates. The objectives were to qualitatively and quantitatively report anthropogenic litter and its associated fouling groups arround Ilha Grande Bay (IGB). Litter was collected, classified and examined for the presence of fouling organisms on beaches located at two different levels of wave exposure during rainy and dry seasons. The types of litter do not differ among beaches, and the highest density and cover of fouling were reported on exposed beaches due the currents, winds, and storm waves. Bryozoans, barnacles, polychaetes, and mollusks were the most frequent fouling groups observed in litter and represents a potential vector for the dispersion of species in the IGB and adjacent coastal areas.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Vulnerable sandstone reefs: Biodiversity and habitat at risk 全文
2020
Soeth, Marcelo | Metri, Rafael | Simioni, Bruno Ivan | Loose, Robin | Coqueiro, Guilherme Suzano | Spach, Henry Louis | Daros, Felippe Alexandre | Adelir-Alves, Johnatas
Sandstone reefs may be considered a unique geomorphologic feature within the subtropical Southwestern Atlantic Ocean region; however, biodiversity on these reefs has received little to no attention. Herein, we recorded the fish assemblage and benthic cover of sandstone reefs between 23 and 29 m depth in Southern Brazil and evidenced potential threats to habitat health. Video analysis and underwater censuses recorded 30 fish species. The unexpected high biomass of Epinephelus marginatus indicated that sandstone reefs may contain suitable habitats for the recovery of this endangered species. A rich benthic coverage including bryozoans, algae, hydrozoans, sponges, and octocorals increased local habitat structural complexity. However, a wide diversity of tangled fishing gear and broken sandstone slabs suggested that a valuable feature from Southern Brazil seascape is being lost by cumulative fishing impacts. An extensive mapping of sandstone reefs is urgently needed for better delineation of marine protected areas network in Southeast and Southern Brazil.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Travelling light: Fouling biota on macroplastics arriving on beaches of remote Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre 全文
2018
Rech, Sabine | Thiel, Martin | Borrell Pichs, Yaisel J. | García Vázquez, Eva
Marine anthropogenic debris was sampled from two beaches on the remote South Pacific island Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Abundance, composition, and the attached fouling assemblages on stranded litter were analysed. Most litter (n = 172 items found) was composed of plastic material, and 34% of all litter items were fouled. The main fouling species was the encrusting bryozoan Jellyella eburnea. Transporting vectors were exclusively made from plastics and were mainly small items and fragments, probably stemming from the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre. We present the first report of Planes major, Halobates sericeus, and Pocillopora sp. on anthropogenic litter in the South Pacific.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Rapid assessment of the bryozoan, Zoobotryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje, 1822) in marinas, Canary Islands 全文
2012
Minchin, Dan
A rapid assessment, using the abundance and distribution range method, was used to evaluate the status of a large branching bryozoan, Zoobotryon verticillatum attached to the immersed part of marina pontoons in the Canary Islands. Colonies were also found attached to the hulls of leisure craft berthed alongside pontoons at three marinas in Lanzarote during 2012. Low levels of abundance and distribution of the bryozoan occurred in marinas with a freshwater influence whereas in a sheltered marina lacking direct freshwater inputs colonies occurred at ∼2 per metre of combined pontoon length. While the occurrence of this bryozoan is recent it may be expected to occur elsewhere in Macaronesia most probably spread by leisure craft.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea 全文
2022
Subías-Baratau, Arnau | Sanchez-Vidal, Anna | Di Martino, Emanuela | Figuerola, Blanca
Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea 全文
2022
Subías-Baratau, Arnau | Sanchez-Vidal, Anna | Di Martino, Emanuela | Figuerola, Blanca
Plastic debris provides long-lasting substrates for benthic organisms, thus acting as a potential vector for their dispersion. Its interaction with these colonizers is, however, still poorly known. This study examines fouling communities on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean), and characterizes the plastic type. We found 14 specimens belonging to two phyla (Annelida and Foraminifera) on microplastics, and more than 400 specimens belonging to 26 species in 10 phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Porifera and Sipuncula) on macroplastics. With 15 species, bryozoans are the most diverse group on plastics. We also report 17 egg cases of the catshark Scyliorhinus sp., and highlight the implications for their dispersal. Our results suggest that plastic polymers may be relevant for distinct fouling communities, likely due to their chemical structure and/or surface properties. Our study provides evidence that biofouling may play a role in the sinking of plastic debris, as the most abundant fouled plastics had lower densities than seawater, and all bryozoan species were characteristic of shallower depths than those sampled. More studies at low taxonomic level are needed in order to detect new species introduction and potential invasive species associated with plastic debris.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea | ENEngelskEnglishMarine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea 全文
2022
Subías-Baratau, Arnau | Sanchez-Vidal, Anna | Di Martino, Emanuela | Figuerola, Blanca
Plastic debris provides long-lasting substrates for benthic organisms, thus acting as a potential vector for their dispersion. Its interaction with these colonizers is, however, still poorly known. This study examines fouling communities on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean), and characterizes the plastic type. We found 14 specimens belonging to two phyla (Annelida and Foraminifera) on microplastics, and more than 400 specimens belonging to 26 species in 10 phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Porifera and Sipuncula) on macroplastics. With 15 species, bryozoans are the most diverse group on plastics. We also report 17 egg cases of the catshark Scyliorhinus sp., and highlight the implications for their dispersal. Our results suggest that plastic polymers may be relevant for distinct fouling communities, likely due to their chemical structure and/or surface properties. Our study provides evidence that biofouling may play a role in the sinking of plastic debris, as the most abundant fouled plastics had lower densities than seawater, and all bryozoan species were characteristic of shallower depths than those sampled. More studies at low taxonomic level are needed in order to detect new species introduction and potential invasive species associated with plastic debris.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Marine biofouling organisms on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea 全文
2022
Subías-Baratau, Arnau | Sánchez-Vidal, Anna | Di Martino, Emanuela | Figuerola, Blanca | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España) | Generalitat de Catalunya | European Commission | Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España) | Research Council of Norway | Figuerola, Blanca [0000-0003-4731-9337]
11 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables | Plastic debris provides long-lasting substrates for benthic organisms, thus acting as a potential vector for their dispersion. Its interaction with these colonizers is, however, still poorly known. This study examines fouling communities on beached, buoyant and benthic plastic debris in the Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean), and characterizes the plastic type. We found 14 specimens belonging to two phyla (Annelida and Foraminifera) on microplastics, and more than 400 specimens belonging to 26 species in 10 phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Porifera and Sipuncula) on macroplastics. With 15 species, bryozoans are the most diverse group on plastics. We also report 17 egg cases of the catshark Scyliorhinus sp., and highlight the implications for their dispersal. Our results suggest that plastic polymers may be relevant for distinct fouling communities, likely due to their chemical structure and/or surface properties. Our study provides evidence that biofouling may play a role in the sinking of plastic debris, as the most abundant fouled plastics had lower densities than seawater, and all bryozoan species were characteristic of shallower depths than those sampled. More studies at low taxonomic level are needed in order to detect new species introduction and potential invasive species associated with plastic debris | BF was supported by the postdoctoral fellowships programme Beatriu de Pinós funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and the Horizon 2020 programme of research and innovation of the European Union under the H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant agreement no. 801370 (Incorporation grant 2019 BP 00183), and by the Juan de la Cierva programme funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Incorporation grant IJCI-2017-31478). EDM was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 - Research and Innovation Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 724324 to L.H. Liow) and the Research Council of Norway (grant 314499 to E. Di Martino). This research has received support through a Catalan Government Grups de Recerca Consolidats grant to GRC Geociències Marines (ref. 2017 SGR 315) and the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) to Institut de Ciències del Mar | Peer reviewed
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Stranding events of drift organisms (Arribadas) in southern Brazil and the spread of invasive bryozoan in South America 全文
2022
Tocci, Bianca R.C. | Vieira, Leandro M. | Tamanaha, Márcio S. | Resgalla Jr., Charrid (Resgalla Junior)
The accumulation of drift organisms (Arribadas, constituted by benthic microalgae, macroalgae and bryozoans) on Central Beach in Balneário Camboriú (SC) has drawn attention since the early 2000s. However, historical surveys suggest an ancient phenomenon that has been increasing in intensity, promoted by urbanization and the eutrophication of the bay in recent years, leading to changes in the taxonomic composition. Previously, these Arribadas were comprised of two species of benthic microalgae (Amphitetras antediluviana and Biddulphia biddulphiana) and the bryozoan Arbocuspis ramosa. However, since 2019, a substantial increase in biomass has been observed on the beach and the dominance of the macroalgae Bryopsis plumosa strongly suggests an increase in the load of organic matter and nutrients in the bay. Recently (2022) the presence of a new invasive bryozoan species (Amathia alternata) was detected, highlighting the need to continue investigating the Arribadas to monitor the ecological evolution of this process.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Are non-indigenous species hitchhiking offshore farmed mussels? A biogeographic and functional approach 全文
2021
Piló, D. | Pereira, F. | Carvalho, A.N. | Vasconcelos, P. | Cunha, A.M. | Gaspar, M.B.
Are non-indigenous species hitchhiking offshore farmed mussels? A biogeographic and functional approach 全文
2021
Piló, D. | Pereira, F. | Carvalho, A.N. | Vasconcelos, P. | Cunha, A.M. | Gaspar, M.B.
The epifauna associated to farmed mussels in southern Portugal coast was analysed, aiming at identifying the species with spreading potential through commercial transport. The presence of a relevant number of the species here found is not reported to at least one of the common mussel export/transposition countries. Indeed, important species biogeographic dissimilarities between the mussel farm area and the Greater North Sea and Western Mediterranean Sea sub-regions were detected, suggesting the potential transport of non-indigenous species (NIS) into other countries. Among them, fouling species such as the anemones Paractinia striata and Urticina felina, the acorn barnacles Balanus glandula and Balanus trigonus or the bryozoans Bugulina stolonifera and Schizoporella errata exhibit functional attributes that allow them to colonise and spread in new areas. This combined biogeographic and functional approach may contribute to clarify the role of aquaculture on the transport of NIS and to predict and prevent their spreading worldwide.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Are non-indigenous species hitchhiking offshore farmed mussels? A biogeographic and functional approach 全文
2021
Piló, David | Pereira, F. | Carvalho, A.N. | Vasconcelos, P. | Cunha, A.M. | Gaspar, Miguel
The epifauna associated to farmed mussels in southern Portugal coast was analysed, aiming at identifying the species with spreading potential through commercial transport. The presence of a relevant number of the species here found is not reported to at least one of the common mussel export/transposition countries. Indeed, important species biogeographic dissimilarities between the mussel farm area and the Greater North Sea and Western Mediterranean Sea sub-regions were detected, suggesting the potential transport of non-indigenous species (NIS) into other countries. Among them, fouling species such as the anemones Paractinia striata and Urticina felina, the acorn barnacles Balanus glandula and Balanus trigonus or the bryozoans Bugulina stolonifera and Schizoporella errata exhibit functional attributes that allow them to colonise and spread in new areas. This combined biogeographic and functional approach may contribute to clarify the role of aquaculture on the transport of NIS and to predict and prevent their spreading worldwide. | MAR-02-01-02-FEAMP-0061 | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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