The aim of the study was to compare the amount of epicuticular waxes of Norway spruce and Scots pine needles from the area of cement production in Kunda. The amount of Norway spruce waxes decreased under air pollution influences and with ageing. The quantity of waxes of Scots pine needles showed an increasing tendency in the polluted area and in one-year-old needles compared with the current-year ones. A rapid decrease in the amount of waxes was established also in the older needles of Scots pine

To study the impact of air pollution on the growth of conifers sample plots were established at different distances and directions from the Kunda cement plant. The plots included stands of 70-80-year-old Scots pine and Norway spruce. Although emission of alkaline cement dust had decreased in the second half of the 1990s analyses of soil samples collected to characterise the growth substrate of trees showed that the pH value of the humus horizon of weakly podzolised temporarily overmoist sandy soils was within the radius of 3 km from the cement plant 2.0-2.9 times as high as that of the control plots in Lahemaa National Park. To ascertain the effect of alkaline environment on the growth of conifers the length (cm) of the needles and shoots formed in 1996-99, dry and wet mass (g) of 100 needles, dry matter content of needles(per cent) and density of needles on shoots were measured. The results obtained were compared with data from 1992 if possible. Both pine and spruce were found to be sensitive towards cement dust pollution and alkalised environment; however, the impact on different morphological parameters was different. As compared to the control, the strongest inhibition of growth was revealed in the sample plot situated 2.5 km east from the cement plant. Conifers on sample plots 2 km west from the emission source showed more vigorous growth than the control. As compared with data from 1992, some improvement in the growth of pine and spruce was observed