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Earthworm cast production as a new behavioural biomarker for toxicity testing.
2010
Capowiez , Yvan (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Dittbrenner , Nils (INRA , Avignon (France). UR 1115 Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles) | Rault-Léonardon , Magali (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement) | Triebskorn , Rita (Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen(Allemagne).) | Hedde , Mickaël (INRA , Versailles (France). UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés) | Mazzia , Christophe (INRA , Avignon (France). UMR 0406 Abeilles et Environnement)
There is currently a lack of ecotoxicity tests adapted to earthworm species of higher ecological relevance and whose endpoints could be directly related to their ecological role in the soil. We propose a new and relatively simple ecotoxicity test based on the estimation of cast production (CP) by Lumbricus terrestris under laboratory conditions. CP was found to be linearly correlated to earthworm biomass and to be greatly influenced by soil water content. Azinphos-methyl had no effect on CP at all the concentrations tested. Significant decreases were observed at the normal application rate for other pesticides with (imidacloprid, carbaryl, methomyl) or without (ethyl-parathion and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) a clear concentration–effect response. For the highest concentration tested, reduction in CP varied between 35 and 67%. CP is straightforward and rapidly measured and ecologically meaningful. We thus believe it to be of great use as an endpoint in ecotoxicity testing.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Organic waste-borne ZnS nanoparticles: The forgotten ones
2022
Levard, C. | Le Bars, M. | Formentini, T. | Legros, S. | Doelsch, E. | Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) | Recyclage et risque (UPR Recyclage et risque) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
International audience
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
2023
Mamy, Laure | Pesce, Stéphane | Sanchez, Wilfried | Aviron, Stéphanie | Bedos, Carole | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Stéphane | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Coeurdassier, Michael | Coutellec, Marie-Agnès | Crouzet, Olivier | Faburé, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gonzalez, Patrice | Hedde, Mickael | Leboulanger, Christophe | Margoum, Christelle | Mougin, Christian | Munaron, Dominique | Nélieu, Sylvie | Pelosi, Céline | Rault, Magali | Sucré, Elliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie | Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national Ecophyto plan
International audience | Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
2023
Mamy, Laure | Pesce, Stéphane | Sanchez, Wilfried | Aviron, Stéphanie | Bedos, Carole | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Stéphane | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Coeurdassier, Michael | Coutellec, Marie-Agnès | Crouzet, Olivier | Fabure, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gonzalez, Patrice | Hedde, Mickael | Leboulanger, C | Margoum, Christelle | Mougin, Christian | Munaron, Dominique | Nelieu, Sylvie | Pelosi, Céline | Rault, Magali | Sucré, Elliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP) ; Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS) | Interactions Cellules Environnement - UR (ICE) ; VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS) | Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon | Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Modélisation et écotoxicologie prédictives [LBBE] ; Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE] ; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Service santé de la faune et fonctionnement des écosystèmes agricoles (OFB Service Santé Agri) ; Direction de la recherche et de l’appui scientifique (OFB - DRAS) ; Office français de la biodiversité (OFB)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | IRD, Sète, OC, SC | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC (UMR MARBEC ) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Université de Mayotte (UMay) (UMay) | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes (DEPE) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national Ecophyto plan
International audience | Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Clustering pesticides according to their molecular properties, fate, and effects by considering additional ecotoxicological parameters in the TyPol method
2017
Traoré, Harouna | Crouzet, Olivier | Mamy, Laure | Sireyjol, Christine | Rossard, Virginie | Servien, Rémi | Latrille, Eric | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Patureau, Dominique | Benoit, Pierre | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay | Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | ToxAlim (ToxAlim) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | This project was supported by the research program "Assessing and reducing environmental risks from plant protection products" funded by the French Ministries in charge of Ecology and Agriculture (IMPEC project)
International Symposium on Effect-Related Evaluation of Anthropogenic Trace Substances - Concepts for Genotoxicity Neurotoxicity and Endocrine Effects, Aachen, october 2015 | Understanding the fate and ecotoxicological effects of pesticides largely depends on their molecular properties. We recentlydeveloped BTyPol^ (Typology of Pollutants), a classification method of organic compounds based on statistical analyses. Itcombines several environmental (sorption coefficient, degradation half-life) and one ecotoxicological (bioconcentration factor)parameters, to structural molecular descriptors (number of atoms in the molecule, molecular surface, dipole moment, energy oforbitals, etc.). The present study attempts to extend TyPol to the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides on non-target organisms,based on data analysis from available literature and databases. It revealed that relevant ecotoxicological endpoints for terrestrialorganisms (e.g., soil microorganisms, invertebrates) that support a range of ecosystemic services are lacking as compared toaquatic organisms. The availability of ecotoxicological parameters was also lower for chronic than for acute ecotoxicity endpoints.Consequently, seven parameters were included for acute (EC50, LC50) and chronic (NOEC) ecotoxicological effects forone terrestrial (Eisenia sp.) and three aquatic (Daphnia sp., algae, Lemna sp.) organisms. In this new configuration, we usedTyPol to classify 50 pesticides into different clusters that gather molecules with similar environmental behaviors and ecotoxicologicaleffects. The classification results evidenced relationships between molecular descriptors, environmental parameters, andthe added ecotoxicological endpoints. This proof-of-concept study also showed that TyPol in silico classification can successfullyaddress new scientific questions and be expanded with other parameters of interest.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The downside of copper pesticides: An earthworm's perspective
2024
Schoffer, Jorge, Tomás | Solari, Fiamma | Petit-Dit-Grézériat, Lucas | Pelosi, Céline | Ginocchio, Rosanna | Yáñez, Carolina | Mazuela, Pilar | Neaman, Alexander | Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) | Center of applied ecology & sustainability (CAPES) ; Facultad de ciencias biologicas [Santiago] ; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) | Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Valparaiso University | Universidad de Tarapaca
International audience | Correction to: Environmental Science and Pollution Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32078-7The correct given name of the 2nd Author is Fiamma.The widespread use of copper-based pesticides, while effective in controlling plant diseases, has been identified as a major source of copper contamination in soils. This raises concerns about potential adverse effects on earthworms, key players in soil health and ecosystem function. To inform sustainable pesticide practices, this study aimed to establish copper toxicity thresholds for earthworm avoidance in agricultural soils impacted by copper-based pesticides. We collected 40 topsoil samples (0-5 cm) from orchards and vineyards in the O'Higgins Region of central Chile, and 10 additional soils under native vegetation as background references. A standardized avoidance bioassay using Eisenia fetida assessed the impact of copper-based pesticides on the soils. Total copper concentrations ranged between 23 and 566 mg kg-1, with observed toxic effects on earthworms in certain soils. The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) for total soil copper, determined by Eisenia fetida's avoidance response, was 240 mg kg-1, with a 95% confidence interval of 193-341 mg kg-1. We further compared our EC50 values with existing data from agricultural soils impacted by mining activities. Interestingly, the results revealed a remarkable similarity between the thresholds for earthworm avoidance, regardless of the source of copper contamination. This observation underscores the universality of copper toxicity in agricultural ecosystems and its potential impact on soil biota. This study provides novel insights into copper toxicity thresholds for earthworms in real-world, pesticide-contaminated soils.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larval contact assay combined with biochemical biomarkers and swimming performance in sewage sludge and hydrochar hazard assessment
2022
Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a powerful technology to convert sewage sludge (SS) into a valuable carbonaceous solid known as hydrochar (HC). Up to now criteria for landfill application of SS and HC are based only on physicochemical properties and levels of pollutant residues. Nevertheless, to ensure their safe environmental applications it is mandatory to develop biosensors which can provide relevant information on their toxic potential for natural ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the suitability of a contact assay using zebrafish embryo/larvae combined with sub-lethal end-points to evaluate the hazard associated with SS and related HC exposure. A suite of biomarkers was also applied on larvae, related to detoxification and oxidative stress as the activity of Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase, the content of reactive oxygen species and the behavioral assay using the DanioVision™ chamber. Legacy priority pollutants were also measured either in SS and HC tested samples and in contact waters. The exposure to SS caused higher lethality compared to HC. No significant changes in the activity of oxidative stress markers was observed upon exposure to both matrices. The behavioral test showed a hypoactivity condition in larvae exposed to both SS and HC with the effects of SS stronger than HC. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of trace elements and halogenated compounds in either SS, HC. Heavy metals were also released in contact waters, while volatile hydrocarbons (C6–C10) and halogenated compounds resulted below LOD (<0.05 μ L⁻¹). Our study highlights the suitability of zebrafish embryotoxicity test, coupled with behavioral traits, as screening tool for assessing potential risks, associated with the landfill application of both SS and HC, for aquatic wildlife.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Biological toxicity risk assessment of two potential neutral carbon diesel fuel substitutes
2022
Arias, Silvana | Estrada, Verónica | Ortiz, Isabel C. | Molina, Francisco J. | Agudelo, John R.
We investigated the biological response of soluble organic fraction (SOF) and water-soluble fraction (WSF) extracted from particulate matter (PM) emitted by an automotive diesel engine operating in a representative urban driving condition. The engine was fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), and its binary blends by volume with 13% of butanol (Bu13), and with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) at 13% (HVO13) and 20% (HVO20). Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage and ecotoxicity tests were carried out, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) expressed as tbenzo(a)pyrene total toxicity equivalent (BaP-TEQ) were also analyzed. The Hepatocarcinoma epithelial cell line (HepG2) was exposed to SOF for 24 h and analyzed using comet assay, with the inclusion of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (Endo III) to recognize oxidized DNA bases. The WSF was evaluated through acute ecotoxicity tests with the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex (D. Pulex). Results showed that there was no cytotoxic activity for all tested SOF concentrations. Genotoxic responses by all the SOF samples were at same level, except for the HVO13 which was weaker in the absence of the enzymes. The addition of the FPG and Endo III enzymes resulted in a significant increase in the comet tail, indicating that the DNA damage from SOF for all tested fuel blends involves oxidative damage including a higher level of oxidized purines for ULSD and Bu13 in comparison with HVO blends, but the oxidized pyrimidines for HVO blends were slightly higher compared to Bu13. The WSF did not show acute ecotoxicity for any of the fuels. Unlike other samples, Bu13-derived particles significantly increase the BaP-TEQ. The contribution to the genotoxic activity and oxidative DNA from SOF was not correlated to BaP-TEQ, which means that the biological activity of PM might be affected also by other toxic compounds present in particulate phase.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Machine learning predicts ecological risks of nanoparticles to soil microbial communities
2022
Xu, Nuohan | Kang, Jian | Ye, Yangqing | Zhang, Qi | Ke, Mingjing | Wang, Yufei | Zhang, Zhenyan | Lu, Tao | Peijnenburg, W.J.G.M. | Josep Penuelas, | Bao, Guanjun | Qian, Haifeng
With the rapid development of nanotechnology in agriculture, there is increasing urgency to assess the impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) on the soil environment. This study merged raw high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data sets generated from 365 soil samples to reveal the potential ecological effects of NPs on soil microbial community by means of metadata analysis and machine learning methods. Metadata analysis showed that treatment with nanoparticles did not have a significant impact on the alpha diversity of the microbial community, but significantly altered the beta diversity. Unfortunately, the abundance of several beneficial bacteria, such as Dyella, Methylophilus, Streptomyces, which promote the growth of plants, and improve pathogenic resistance, was reduced under the addition of synthetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, metadata demonstrated that nanoparticles treatment weakened the biosynthesis ability of cofactors, carriers, and vitamins, and enhanced the degradation ability of aromatic compounds, amino acids, etc. This is unfavorable for the performance of soil functions. Besides the soil heterogeneity, machine learning uncovered that a) the exposure time of nanoparticles was the most important factor to reshape the soil microbial community, and b) long-term exposure decreased the diversity of microbial community and the abundance of beneficial bacteria. This study is the first to use a machine learning model and metadata analysis to investigate the relationship between the properties of nanoparticles and the hazards to the soil microbial community from a macro perspective. This guides the rational use of nanoparticles for which the impacts on soil microbiota are minimized.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Soil properties can evoke toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles towards springtails at low concentrations
2021
Fischer, Jonas | Evlanova, Anna | Philippe, Allan | Filser, Juliane
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) are used as an efficient alternative to conventional Cu in agriculture and might end up in soils. They show a high toxicity towards cells and microorganisms, but only low toxicity towards soil invertebrates. However, most existing soil ecotoxicological studies were conducted in a sandy reference soil and at test concentrations ≥100 mg Cu/kg soil. Therefore, there is a knowledge gap concerning the effect of soil texture on the toxicity of CuO-NP at lower, more realistic test concentrations. In our study, a sandy reference soil and three loamy soils were spiked with CuO-NP at up to four concentrations, ranging from 5 to 158 mg Cu/kg. We investigated 28-day reproduction as well as weight and Cu content after 14-day bioaccumulation and subsequent 14-day elimination for the springtail Folsomia candida. For the first time we analysed the size distribution of CuO-NP in aqueous test soil extracts by single particle-ICP-MS which revealed that the diameter of CuO-NP significantly increased with increasing concentration, but did not vary between test soils. Negative effects on reproduction were only observed in loamy soils, most pronounced in a loamy-acidic soil (−61%), and they were always strongest at the lowest test concentration. The observed effects were much stronger than reported by other studies performed with sandy soils and higher CuO-NP concentrations. In the same soil and concentration, a moderate impact on growth (−28%) was observed, while Cu elimination from springtails was inhibited. Rather than Cu body concentration, the diameter of the CuO-NP taken up, as well as NP-clay interactions might play a crucial role regarding their toxicity. Our study reports for the first time toxic effects of CuO-NP towards a soil invertebrate at a low, realistic concentration range. The results strongly suggest including lower test concentrations and a range of soil types in nanotoxicity testing.
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