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Organochlorine and heavy metal contamination in non-viable eggs and its relation to breeding success in a Spanish population of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni).
1993
Negro J.J. | Donazar J.A. | Hiraldo F. | Hernandez L.M. | Fernandez M.A.
Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, mercury, cadmium, copper, selenium, arsenic, and zinc in the harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, in Norwegian waters.
1990
Skaare J.U. | Markussen N.H. | Norheim G. | Haugen S. | Holt G.
Persistent organochlorine residues in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea.
1997
Tanabe S. | Madhusree B. | Ozturk A.A. | Tatsukawa R. | Miyazaki N. | Ozdamar E. | Aral O. | Samsun O. | Ozturk B.
Organochlorine pesticide residues in marine sediment and biota from the Northern Florida reef tract.
1995
Glynn P.W. | Rumbold D.G. | Snedaker S.C.
Use of nondestructive biomarkers and residue analysis to assess the health status of endangered species of pinnipeds in the south-west Atlantic.
1997
Fossi M.C. | Marsili L. | Junin M. | Castello H. | Lorenzani J.A. | Casini S. | Savelli C. | Leonzio C.
Evaluation of fate and exposure models - Fate of pulp mill effluent compounds in a Finnish watercourse.
1994
Trapp S. | Rantio T. | Paasivirta J.
Chloroorganic chemicals emitted from the pulp and paper mill at Nekoski in central Finland were monitored for several years. Concentration time series are used for evaluating the environmental fate and the applicability and validity of an exposure models. Fitted elimination rates of 3,4,5-Tri-, 4,5,6-Tri-, Tetrachloroguaiacol and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol are approx. 0.22 per day, or rather the half-lives are approx. 3 days. The elimination is most likely by biodegradation and transport-controlled. For 2,3,6-trichloro-p-cymene, fate simulations indicate significant volatilization and sedimentation. Good agreement is achieved with a one-dimensional steady-state box model, except for concentrations in fish. For a reliable assessment of environmental damage, laboratory experiments, monitoring and simulations need to be in tune.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Determination of the residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in heterogeneous system water-sediment
1997
Buzarov, D. (Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad (Yugoslavia). Prirodno-matematicki fakultet, Institut za hemiju) | Vojinovic-Miloradov, M. | Pavkov, S. | Macvanin, N.
The monitoring the content of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in heterogeneous system of water-sediment is of a primary interest for the researching of contamination of the aquatic ecosystem because of high bioconcentration factors of these compounds and their bioaccumulation in flora and fauna of the aquatic basin. The sampling of water and sediment were done in the Boka Kotorska Bay (south Adriatic Montenegro Seaside), and estuary Bojana - Ulcinj, Montenegro (Yugoslavia), in AuTumn of 1995. The residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were determined by gas chromatography, Varian 3400 with capillary columns OV-101, length 25 m, with ECD. The residues of isomers of HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), DDT and PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) were identified in all investigated samples.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Mercury emission from industrially contaminated soils in relation to chemical, microbial, and meteorological factors 全文
2019
Osterwalder, Stefan | Huang, Jen-How | Shetaya, Waleed H. | Agnan, Yannick | Frossard, Aline | Frey, Beat | Alewell, Christine | Kretzschmar, Ruben | Biester, Harald | Obrist, Daniel
The Minamata Convention entered into force in 2017 with the aim to phase-out the use of mercury (Hg) in manufacturing processes such as the chlor-alkali or vinyl chloride monomer production. However, past industrial use of Hg had already resulted in extensive soil pollution, which poses a potential environmental threat. We investigated the emission of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) from Hg polluted soils in settlement areas in the canton of Valais, Switzerland, and its impact on local air Hg concentrations. Most soil Hg was found as soil matrix-bound divalent Hg (HgII). Elemental mercury (Hg0) was undetectable in soils, yet we observed substantial Hg0 emission (20–1392 ng m−2 h−1) from 27 soil plots contaminated with Hg (0.2–390 mg Hg kg−1). The emissions of Hg0 were calculated for 1274 parcels covering an area of 8.6 km2 of which 12% exceeded the Swiss soil remediation threshold of 2 mg Hg kg−1. The annual Hg0 emission from this area was approximately 6 kg a−1, which is almost 1% of the total atmospheric Hg emissions in Switzerland based on emission inventory estimates. Our results show a higher abundance of Hg resistance genes (merA) in soil microbial communities with increasing soil Hg concentrations, indicating that biotic reduction of HgII is likely an important pathway to form volatile Hg0 in these soils. The total soil Hg pool in the top 20 cm of the investigated area was 4288 kg; hence, if not remediated, these contaminated soils remain a long-term source of atmospheric Hg, which is prone to long-range atmospheric transport.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pollutants in the fish community in Lake Årungen, Norway 全文
2009
Sharma, Chhatra Mani | Rosseland, Bjørn Olav | Almvik, Marit | Eklo, Ole Martin
Organochlorine pollutants in the major fish species (pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis, and roach Rutilus rutilus) of Lake Årungen, Norway, were investigated after an extensive removal of large pike in 2004. The organochlorine pollutants detected in fish liver samples in 2005 were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and heptachlor epoxide (HCE). DDTs were the dominant among all analyzed OCs. ΣPCB and HCB, detected in fish from two clearly distinct trophic levels (prey and predators), give an indication of biomagnification. All OC concentrations in female pike were significantly lower compared to males, which might be due to the removal of high concentrations of pollutants in roe during spawning. Organochlorine pollutants in fish tissues tend to magnify up the food chain.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Accumulation of pollutants in nestlings of an endangered avian scavenger related to territory urbanization and physiological biomarkers 全文
2019
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E. | Tauler-Ametller, Helena | Lacorte, Silvia | Hernández-Matías, Antonio | Real, Joan | Mateo, Rafael
Accumulation of pollutants in nestlings of an endangered avian scavenger related to territory urbanization and physiological biomarkers 全文
2019
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E. | Tauler-Ametller, Helena | Lacorte, Silvia | Hernández-Matías, Antonio | Real, Joan | Mateo, Rafael
We monitor pollutant accumulation and investigate associated changes at the physiological level within the population of an obligate avian scavenger, the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), from Catalonia (NE Spain). This population is expanding its range, presumably because of the use of human waste disposal sites as food resource. We hypothesized that habitat urbanization, presumably associated with feeding from human wastes, could influence the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and metals. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between accumulated pollutants and biochemical parameters in nestling blood. We used the proportion of urban surface within an 8 km radius of each nest as a proxy to study the relationship between anthropic influence and pollutant accumulation. Observed blood levels of metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were relatively low, as expected for nestling individuals due to short-term exposures. CB-180 and PBDEs were associated with variations in blood biochemistry parameters; hexa-BDEs appeared positively associated with activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas CB-180 accumulation was associated with an increased activity of creatine phosphokinase and elevated glutathione levels. Increased CB-180 levels were also related to decreased blood concentrations of calcium, cholesterol, α-tocopherol and lutein. A proportion of urban surfaces as low as 6.56% within a radius of 8 km around the nest appears related to the accumulation of CB-180, the majority of analysed PFAS and of PBDE congeners 99 and 209, and increased urbanization was also associated with decreased plasma levels of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. These associations suggest that changes in blood profiles of vitamins, carotenoids or other analytes, despite related to increased plasma levels of CB-180, would be consequence of exploitation of artificial food sources rather than of a direct effect of the pollutants.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Accumulation of pollutants in nestlings of an endangered avian scavenger related to territory urbanization and physiological biomarkers 全文
2019
Ortiz-Santaliestra, Manuel E. | Tauler-Ametlller, Helena | Lacorte Bruguera, Silvia | Hernández-Matías, Antonio | Real, Joan | Mateo, Rafael | Lacorte, Sílvia [0000-0001-7192-4057]
We monitor pollutant accumulation and investigate associated changes at the physiological level within the population of an obligate avian scavenger, the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus), from Catalonia (NE Spain). This population is expanding its range, presumably because of the use of human waste disposal sites as food resource. We hypothesized that habitat urbanization, presumably associated with feeding from human wastes, could influence the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants and metals. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between accumulated pollutants and biochemical parameters in nestling blood. We used the proportion of urban surface within an 8 km radius of each nest as a proxy to study the relationship between anthropic influence and pollutant accumulation. Observed blood levels of metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were relatively low, as expected for nestling individuals due to short-term exposures. CB-180 and PBDEs were associated with variations in blood biochemistry parameters; hexa-BDEs appeared positively associated with activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas CB-180 accumulation was associated with an increased activity of creatine phosphokinase and elevated glutathione levels. Increased CB-180 levels were also related to decreased blood concentrations of calcium, cholesterol, α-tocopherol and lutein. A proportion of urban surfaces as low as 6.56% within a radius of 8 km around the nest appears related to the accumulation of CB-180, the majority of analysed PFAS and of PBDE congeners 99 and 209, and increased urbanization was also associated with decreased plasma levels of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. These associations suggest that changes in blood profiles of vitamins, carotenoids or other analytes, despite related to increased plasma levels of CB-180, would be consequence of exploitation of artificial food sources rather than of a direct effect of the pollutants. | All experimental procedures described in the present study were authorized by the Service of Biodiversity and Animal Protection, Department of Territory and Sustainability, Generalitat de Catalunya (permit references SF/419-426, SF/492-500, SF/492-497, SF/174-181 and SF/091-098 for years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively). This study was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research supporting funds from the Ramón y Cajal Program (ref. RYC-2015-17504 to MEOS), the University of Barcelona (JR, AHM and HTA), and Red Electrica de España-SA. HTA was supported by a predoctoral grant from the IRBIO-University of Barcelona (APIF 2014). | Peer reviewed
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