Shallow groundwater flow is one of the major hydrologic component in catchments underlying by crystalline bedrock. Only few observations are available about shallow groundwater contamination by pesticides. So groundwater and stream samples were collected fortnightly for three years in the Kervidy-Naizin catchment and analyzed for atrazine and isoproturon. Groundwater contamination appears to be: highly variable in concentration (from no detection to concentrations higher than few µg/l); highly variable in time (atrazine detected in 35% of samples, déthylatrazine detected in 23%); linked to the topographic location in relation with groundwater depth. Many hydrologic factors may explain the contamination. A correlative analysis was undertaken to identify the climatic and soil variables explaining the fluctuation and depth of water table. Both variables appear to be determined by seasonal cumulative rainfall and storm rainfall. | L'écoulement de nappe est une composante hydrologique majeure des bassins versants sur socle. Or peu de données existent sur la contamination de ces nappes par les pesticides. Un suivi bimensuel réalisé sur le bassin versant de Kervidy-Naizin (56), sur trois années, sur une quinzaine de piézomètres répartis le long de trois transects montre, sur l'atrazine et l'isoproturon, une contamination de la nappe : de niveau très variable dans le temps, allant de la non détection à des concentrations de quelques µg/l ; de moyenne fréquence (détection dans 35% des analyses pour l'atrazine, 23% pour la déthylatrazine) ; liée à la position topographique en relation avec la profondeur de la nappe. Différents facteurs hydrologiques explicatifs de cette contamination ont été étudiés par une analyse fréquentielle de la profondeur et de l'amplitude des battement de la nappe et une analyse corrélative de leur relation avec des paramètres climatiques et hydro-pédologiques. La profondeur et les battements de la nappe apparaissent en première approche liés respectivement au cumul pluviométrique saisonnier et aux cumuls pluviométriques par averse

We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. Thereis a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.

Crossed effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affects the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental changes. The aim of our study was to assess the individual and crossed effects of temperature rising and pesticide contamination on fish. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, were exposed during 96 h at two temperatures (22 and 32 °C) to a mixture of common pesticides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin, and tebuconazol) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations MIX1 = 8.4 μg L(-1) and MIX2 = 42 μg L(-1)). We investigated the sediment reworking behavior, which has a major ecological functional role. We also focused on three physiological traits from the cellular up to the whole individual level showing metabolic status of fish (protein concentration in liver and muscle, hepatosomatic index, and Fulton's condition factor). Individual thermal stress and low concentrations of pesticides decreased the sediment reworking activity of fish and entrained metabolic compensation with global depletion in energy stores. We found that combined chemical and thermal stresses impaired the capacity of fish to set up an efficient adaptive response. Our results strongly suggest that temperature will make fish more sensitive to water contamination by pesticides, raising concerns about wild fish conservation submitted to global changes.