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Arsenic enhanced plant growth and altered rhizosphere characteristics of hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata
2014
Xu, Jia−Yi | Li, Hong−Bo | Liang, Shuang | Luo, Jun | Ma, Lena Q.
We investigated the effects of arsenic species on As accumulation, plant growth and rhizospheric changes in As−hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV). PV was grown for 60−d in a soil spiked with 200 mg kg−1 arsenate (AsV−soil) or arsenite (AsIII−soil). Diffusive gradients in thin−films technique (DGT) were used to monitor As uptake by PV. Interestingly AsIII−soil produced the highest PV biomass at 8.6 g plant−1, 27% and 46% greater than AsV−soil and the control. Biomass increase was associated with As−induced P uptake by PV. Although AsIII was oxidized to AsV during the experiment, As species impacted As accumulation by PV, with 17.5% more As in AsIII−soil than AsV−soil (36 vs. 31 mg plant−1). As concentration in PV roots was 30% higher in AsV−soil whereas As concentration in PV fronds was 7.9% greater in AsIII−soil, suggesting more rapid translocation of AsIII than AsV. These findings were important to understand the mechanisms of As uptake, accumulation and translocation by PV.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Influence of plants on the distribution and composition of PBDEs in soils of an e-waste dismantling area: Evidence of the effect of the rhizosphere and selective bioaccumulation
2014
Rhizosphere effects on the distribution of PBDEs in e-waste contaminated soils were investigated. The geometric means of the PBDEs in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were 32.6 ng/g and 12.2 ng/g, whereas the geometric means of the PBDEs in vegetable shoots and roots were 2.15 ng/g and 3.02 ng/g, respectively. PBDEs in soil at different distances from the root surface may first rise appreciably and then decrease to a non-rhizosphere level for long-term contaminated soils. Different PBDE compositions in roots and shoots indicated that PBDEs in shoots may be mainly taken up from the air. The ratios of BDE99/100 and BDE153/154 in plants and their corresponding soils were different. The bioaccumulations of BDEs 100 and 154 were much higher than those of BDEs 99 and 153, respectively. This indicated that the bioaccumulation was selective and influenced by the substitution pattern, with ortho-substituted isomers being more prevalent than meta-substituted isomers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated and methoxylated PBDEs in soils and plants from an e-waste area, China
2014
Wang, Sen | Zhang, Shuzhen | Huang, Honglin | Niu, Zhenchuan | Han, Wei
In order to characterize polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hydroxylated and methoxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) in the soil–plant system, soil and plant samples were collected from an e-waste recycling area in China. Forty one PBDEs, twelve OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs were detected in the soil and plant samples. Concentrations of PBDEs in roots were significantly correlated to their concentrations in the soils, but the percentages of lower brominated congeners in the plants were higher than those in the soils. Significant positive linear relationships exist between concentrations of ∑OH-PBDEs and ∑MeO-PBDEs with higher levels of ∑MeO-PBDEs than those of ∑OH-PBDEs in the soils, plant roots and leaves. A majority of the OH-/MeO-PBDEs had the hydroxyl or methoxy group at the ortho-positions to the biphenyl bond for most of the plant species. However the occurrence of meta- and para- substituted OH-/MeO-PBDEs in soils and plants were also confirmed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evidence of sulfur-bound reduced copper in bamboo exposed to high silicon and copper concentrations
2014
Collin, Blanche | Doelsch, Emmanuel | Keller, Catherine | Cazevieille, Patrick | Tella, Marie | Chaurand, Perrine | Panfili, Frédéric | Hazemann, Jean-Louis | Meunier, Jean-Dominique
We examined copper (Cu) absorption, distribution and toxicity and the role of a silicon (Si) supplementation in the bamboo Phyllostachys fastuosa. Bamboos were maintained in hydroponics for 4 months and submitted to two different Cu (1.5 and 100 μm Cu2+) and Si (0 and 1.1 mM) concentrations. Cu and Si partitioning and Cu speciation were investigated by chemical analysis, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Copper was present as Cu(I) and Cu(II) depending on plant parts. Bamboo mainly coped with high Cu exposure by: (i) high Cu sequestration in the root (ii) Cu(II) binding to amino and carboxyl ligands in roots, and (iii) Cu(I) complexation with both organic and inorganic sulfur ligands in stems and leaves. Silicon supplementation decreased the visible damage induced by high Cu exposure and modified Cu speciation in the leaves where a higher proportion of Cu was present as inorganic Cu(I)S compounds, which may be less toxic.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Components from wheat roots modify the bioactivity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in a soil bacterium
2014
Martineau, Nicole | McLean, Joan E. | Dimkpa, Christian O. | Britt, David W. | Anderson, Anne J.
ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) have widespread commercial uses and their impact on agricultural systems is unresolved. This study examined whether the metabolites washed from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots modulated the metabolic response to the NPs of a biosensor generated in the root colonizer, Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The root wash components boosted light output of the biosensor consistent with their catabolism. Dose-dependent and rapid inhibition of cell metabolism occurred with both ZnO and CuO NPs in water suspensions but high light output was maintained in root wash. Root wash also protected biosensor output in challenges with Zn ions. However the root wash components did not protect culturability or biosensor light output upon exposure to Cu ions. Imaging by atomic force microscopy suggested that root wash materials coated the NPs. We deduced that the response of a microbe to these metal oxide NPs could be negated by components released from roots.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effects of arsenate, chromate, and sulfate on arsenic and chromium uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L
2014
de Oliveira, Letúzia Maria | Ma, Lena Q. | Santos, Jorge A.G. | Guilherme, Luiz R.G. | Lessl, Jason T.
We investigated effects of arsenate (AsV), chromate (CrVI) and sulfate on As and Cr uptake and translocation by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (PV), which was exposed to AsV, CrVI and sulfate at 0, 0.05, 0.25 or 1.25 mM for 2-wk in hydroponic system. PV was effective in accumulating large amounts of As (4598 and 1160 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM AsV) and Cr (234 and 12,630 mg/kg in the fronds and roots at 0.05 mM CrVI). However, when co-present, AsV and CrVI acted as inhibitors, negatively impacting their accumulation in PV. Arsenic accumulation in the fronds was reduced by 92% and Cr by 26%, indicating reduced As and Cr translocation. However, addition of sulfate increased uptake and translocation of As by 26–28% and Cr by 1.63 fold. This experiment demonstrated that As and Cr inhibited each other in uptake and translocation by PV but sulfate enhanced As and Cr uptake and translocation by PV.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Earthworm bioturbation influences the phytoavailability of metals released by particles in cultivated soils
2014
Leveque, Thibaut | Capowiez, Yvan | Schreck, Eva | Xiong, Tiantian | Foucault, Yann | Dumat, Camille
The influence of earthworm activity on soil-to-plant metal transfer was studied by carrying out six weeks mesocosms experiments with or without lettuce and/or earthworms in soil with a gradient of metal concentrations due to particles fallouts. Soil characteristics, metal concentrations in lettuce and earthworms were measured and soil porosity in the mesocosms was determined. Earthworms increased the soil pH, macroporosity and soil organic matter content due to the burying of wheat straw provided as food. Earthworm activities increased the metals concentrations in lettuce leaves. Pb and Cd concentrations in lettuce leaves can increase up to 46% with earthworm activities … These results and the low correlation between estimated by CaCl2 and EDTA and measured pollutant phytoavailability suggest that earthworm bioturbation was the main cause of the increase. Bioturbation could affect the proximity of pollutants to the roots and soil organic matter.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Antimony uptake, efflux and speciation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata
2014
Tisarum, Rujira | Lessl, Jason T. | Dong, Xiaoling | de Oliveira, Letuzia M. | Rathinasabapathi, Bala | Ma, Lena Q.
Even though antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) are chemical analogs, differences exist on how they are taken up and translocated in plants. We investigated 1) Sb uptake, efflux and speciation in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata after 1 d exposure to 1.6 or 8 mg/L antimonite (SbIII) or antimonate (SbV), 2) Sb uptake by PV accessions from Florida, China, and Brazil after 7 d exposure to 8 mg/L SbIII, and 3) Sb uptake and oxidation by excised PV fronds after 1 d exposure to 8 mg/L SbIII or SbV. After 1 d exposure, P. vittata took 23–32 times more SbIII than SbV, with all Sb being accumulated in the roots with the highest at 4,192 mg/kg. When exposed to 8 mg/L SbV, 98% of Sb existed as SbV in the roots. In comparison, when exposed to 8 mg/L SbIII, 81% of the total Sb remained as SbIII and 26% of the total Sb was effluxed out into the media. The three PV accessions had a similar ability to accumulate Sb at 12,000 mg/kg in the roots, with >99% of total Sb in the roots. Excised PV fronds translocated SbV more efficiently from the petioles to pinnae than SbIII and were unable to oxidize SbIII. Overall, P. vittata displayed efficient root uptake and efflux of SbIII with limited ability to translocate and transform in the roots.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Copper phytoremediation by a salt marsh plant (Phragmites australis) enhanced by autochthonous bioaugmentation
2014
Oliveira, T. | Mucha, A.P. | Reis, I. | Rodrigues, P. | Gomes, C.R. | Almeida, C.M.R.
Here we evaluated whether the potential of Phragmites australis to phytoremediate Cu contaminated sediments could be enhanced by bioaugmentation with an autochthonous microorganism consortium (AMC) that is resistant to Cu.Saltmarsh plants with sediment attached to their roots were collected, placed in vessels and kept in greenhouses, under tidal simulation. Sediments were contaminated with Cu and the AMC was added to half of the vessels.After two months, plants accumulated significant amounts of Cu (2–10 times more) in all tissues although in higher amounts (7–10 times more) in belowground structures. AMC addition increased Cu bioavailability (5–10%) in sediments leading to a decrease in belowground structures biomass. However, bioaugmentation increased Cu translocation, with higher amounts (2 times more) of Cu in the plant stems, without significant visual toxicity signs.Therefore, autochthonous bioaugmentation can increase Cu phytoextraction potential of P. australis, which can be a valuable strategy for the recovery and management of moderately impacted estuaries.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Growth, nutrient status, and photosynthetic response to diesel-contaminated soil of a cordgrass, Spartina argentinensis
2014
Redondo-Gómez, Susana | Petenello, María C. | Feldman, Susana R.
The present study was conduced to investigate the tolerance limits of Spartina argentinensis, which occurs in inland marshes of the Chaco-Pampean regions of Argentina, to diesel-contaminated soil. A glasshouse experiment was designed to investigate the effect of diesel fuel from 0% to 3% on growth and photosynthetic apparatus of S. densiflora by measuring gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. We also performed chemical analysis of plant samples, and determined mycorrhizal index. Tiller and root biomasses declined with increasing diesel fuel concentration, as well as photosynthetic rate (A). Reductions in A could be accounted for by non-stomatal limitations. Mycorrhizal roots of S. argentinensis were reduced by the presence of diesel fuel, but did not affect its nutritional status; in fact, most element concentrations increased with diesel contamination. Despite the negative effect of diesel-contaminated soil, S. argentinensis continued growing, which could be useful management options for phytorremediation of diesel-contaminated soils.
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