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Detection of free and covalently bound microcystins in animal tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2010
Lance, Emilie | Neffling, Milla Riina | Gerard, Claudia | Meriluoto, Jussi | Bormans, Myriam | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Åbo Academy University | financements finlandais
International audience | Microcystins are cyanobacterial hepatotoxins capable of accumulation into animal tissues. The toxins act by inhibiting specific protein phosphatases and both non-covalent and covalent interactions occur. The 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (MMPB) method determines the total, i.e. the sum of free and protein-bound microcystin in tissues. The aim of the method development in this paper was to tackle the problems with the MMPB methodology: the rather laborious workflow and the loss of material during different steps of the method. In the optimised workflow the oxidation recovery was of acceptable level (29-40%), the extraction efficiency good (62-97%), but the signal suppression effect from the matrix remained severe in our system (16-37% signal left). The extraction efficiency for the determination of the free, extractable microcystins, was found to be good, 52-100%, depending on the sample and the toxin variant and concentration.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]RHIZOtest: A plant-based biotest to account for rhizosphere processes when assessing copper bioavailability
2010
Bravin, Matthieu | Michaud, Aurélia M. | Larabi, Bourane | Hinsinger, Philippe | Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Biogéochimie des Sols (Eco&Sols) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
International audience | The ability of the free ion activity model (FIAM), the terrestrial biotic ligand model (TBLM), the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique and a plant-based biotest, the RHIZOtest, to predict root copper (Cu) concentration in field-grown durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L) was assessed on 44 soils varying in pH (3.9-7.8) and total Cu (32-184 mg kg(-1)). None of the methods adequately predicted root Cu concentration, which was mainly correlated with total soil Cu. Results from DGT measurements and even more so FIAM prediction were negatively correlated with soil pH and over-estimated root Cu concentration in acidic soils. TBLM implementation improved numerically FIAM prediction but still failed to predict adequately root Cu concentration as the TBLM formalism did not considered the rhizosphere alkalisation as observed in situ. In contrast, RHIZOtest measurements accounted for rhizosphere alkalisation and were mainly correlated with total soil Cu.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Inhibition, recovery and oxime-induced reactivation of muscle esterases following chlorpyrifos exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
2010
Collange, Beatrice | Wheelock, C.E. | Rault-Léonardon, Magali | Mazzia, Christophe | Capowiez, Yvan | Sanchez-Hernandez, J.C. | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Avignon Université (AU) | Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics ; Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm] | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) | Consejería de Educación y Ciencia (PCI08-0049-0228) ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTM 2006-11828/TECNO) ; Centre for Allergy Research Fellowship
International audience | Assessment of wildlife exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides generally involves the measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and complementary biomarkers (or related endpoints) are rarely included. Herein, we investigated the time course inhibition and recovery of ChE and carboxylesterase (CE) activities in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to chlorpyrifos, and the ability of oximes to reactivate the phosphorylated ChE activity. Results indicated that these esterase activities are a suitable multibiomarker scheme for monitoring OP exposure due to their high sensitivity to OP inhibition and slow recovery to full activity levels following pesticide exposure. Moreover, oximes reactivated the inhibited ChE activity of the earthworms exposed to 12 and 48 mg kg−1 chlorpyrifos during the first week following pesticide exposure. This methodology is useful for providing evidence for OP-mediated ChE inhibition in individuals with a short history of OP exposure (≤1 week); resulting a valuable approach for assessing multiple OP exposure episodes in the field. Esterase inhibition combined with oxime reactivation methods is a suitable approach for monitoring organophosphate contamination
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Influence of environmental factors on the response of a natural population of Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Cladocera) to spinosad and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in Mediterranean coastal wetlands
2010
Duchet, Claire | Caquet, Thierry | Franquet, Evelyne | Lagneau, C. | Lagadic, Laurent | Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | Entente Interdépartementale pour la Démoustication du Littoral Méditerranéen | Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP) ; Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 μg L−1) on a field population of Daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using Bti (0.16 and 0.50 μL L−1) as the reference larvicide. Microcosms (125 L) were placed in a shallow temporary marsh where D. magna was naturally present. The peak of salinity observed during the 21-day observation period may have been partly responsible for the decrease of daphnid population density in all the microcosms. It is also probably responsible for the absence of recovery in the microcosms treated with spinosad which caused a sharp decrease of D. magna abundance within the first two days following treatment whereas Bti had no effect. These results suggest that it may be difficult for a field population of daphnids to cope simultaneously with natural (water salinity and temperature) and anthropogenic (larvicides) stressors. Significant interaction between salinity and spinosad exposure impairs the recovery of a natural population of Daphnia magna
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Prediction of the PCDD/F and dl-PCB 2005-WHO-TEQ content based on the contribution of six congeners: Toward a new screening approach for fish samples?
2010
Cariou, Ronan | Marchand, Philippe | Venisseau, Anais | Brosseaud, Aline | Bertrand, Dominique, D. | Qannari, El Mostafa | Antignac, Jean-Philippe | Le Bizec, Bruno | École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS) | Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Unité de Sensométrie et Chimiométrie ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale d'ingénieurs des techniques des industries agricoles et alimentaires (ENITIAA) | Laboratoire d'étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA) ; École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Current European Union regulation regarding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in food and feed is based on Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) concept. For confirmatory purpose, the isotope-dilution method associated to a measurement by gas chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry is usually the method of choice for precisely measuring the 29 target congeners in three separated fractions. Time and cost related to these analyses are very significant. Various kinds of screening concepts can be considered. In the present study, we elaborated and validated a prediction model for the 2005 World Health Organization TEQ in fish, based on the measurement of 4 PCDD/F and 2 non-ortho dl-PCB congeners, potentially analyzable in a single extracted fraction by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Large independent datasets have been used for model elaboration (n = 108) and validation (n = 363, n = 357 and n = 6).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Long-term sustainability of metal immobilization by soil amendments: Cyclonic ashes versus lime addition
2010
Ruttens, A. | Adriaensen, K. | Meers, E. | de Vocht, A. | Geebelen, W. | Carleer, R. | Mench, Michel | Vangronsveld, A. | Centre for Environmental Sciences ; Hasselt University (UHasselt) | Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT) | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
International audience | A soil column leaching experiment was used to gain insight into the long-term metal immobilization capacity of cyclonic ashes (CAH) compared to lime (LIME). Twenty six years of rainfall were simulated. Initially, all amended soils were brought to an equal soil pH. This was done to obtain optimal conditions for the detection of metal immobilization mechanisms different from just a pH effect. During the simulation period, soil pH in all treatments decreased in parallel. However, the evolution of metal mobility and phytoavailability showed a clearly distinct pattern. The strong reduction in metal immobilizing efficiency observed in the lime treatment at the end of the simulation period was much less pronounced, or even absent, in the CAH treatments. Moreover, metal accumulation in plants grown on the CAH amended soil was significantly lower compared to the untreated and the lime treated soil. CAH + SS treatment delivered the strongest reductions in metal mobility and bioavailability. In a soil column leaching experiment, simulating 26 years of rainfall, application of cyclonic ashes resulted in a more durable metal immobilization compared to lime.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Inter-laboratory exercise on steroid estrogens in aqueous samples
2010
Heath, Ester | Kosjek, T. | Andersen, H.R. | Holten Lützhoft, H.C. | Adolfson Erici, M. | Coquery, Marina | Düring, R.A. | Gans, O. | Guignard, C. | Karlsson, P. | Manciot, F. | Moldovan, Z. | Patureau, Dominique | Cruceru, L. | Sacher, F. | Ledin, L. | Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS) | Department of Environmental Engineering ; Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU) | Stockholm University | Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU) | Umweltbundesamt | Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann (LUXEMBOURG) | Lantmannen Analycen AB ; Partenaires INRAE | CAE | Mass Spectrometry Department | Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | University of Bucharest (UniBuc) | Water Technology Center
International audience | An inter-laboratory comparison exercise was organized among European laboratories, under the aegis of EU COST Action 636: "Xenobiotics in Urban Water Cycle" The objective was to evaluate the performance of testing laboratories determining "Endocrine Disrupting Compounds" (EDC) in various aqueous matrices. As the main task three steroid estrogens. 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17 beta-estradiol and estrone were determined in four spiked aqueous matrices' tap water, river water and wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS Results were compared and discussed according to the analytical techniques applied, the accuracy and reproducibility of the analytical methods and the nature of the sample matrices. Overall, the results obtained in this inter-laboratory exercise reveal a high level of competence among the participating laboratories for the detection of steroid estrogens in water samples indicating that GC-MS as well as LC-MS/MS can equally be employed for the analysis of natural and synthetic hormones.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Nitrogen deposition threatens species richness of grasslands across Europe
2010
Stevens, Carly J. | Dupre, Cecilia | Dorland, Edu | Gaudnik, Cassandre | Gowing, David J.G. | Bleeker, Albert | Diekmann, Martin | Alard, Didier | Bobbink, Roland | Fowler, David | Corcket, Emmanuel | Mountford, J. Owen | Vandvik, Vigdis | Aarrestad, Per Arild | Muller, Serge | Dise, Nancy B. | Open University | Lancaster Environment Centre ; Lancaster University | University of Bremen | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Department of Air Quality and Climate Change ; Energy Research Centre for the Netherlands | Radboud University [Nijmegen] | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | Department of Biology ; University of Washington [Seattle] | Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | University of Manchester [Manchester]
International audience | Evidence from an international survey in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe indicates that chronic nitrogen deposition is reducing plant species richness in acid grasslands. Across the deposition gradient in this region (2–44 kg N ha−1 yr−1) species richness showed a curvilinear response, with greatest reductions in species richness when deposition increased from low levels. This has important implications for conservation policies, suggesting that to protect the most sensitive grasslands resources should be focussed where deposition is currently low. Soil pH is also an important driver of species richness indicating that the acidifying effect of nitrogen deposition may be contributing to species richness reductions. The results of this survey suggest that the impacts of nitrogen deposition can be observed over a large geographical range. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is reducing biodiversity in grasslands across Europe.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Pesticides dissipation by use of constructed wetlands in agricultural area : Technical and sociological feed back
2010
TOURNEBIZE, Julien | Vincent, B. | Chaumont, C. | Passeport, Elodie | Gramaglia, Christelle | Molle, Pascal | Gril, J.J. | Margoum, C. | Carluer, Nadia
In the context of pesticide pollution in hydrosystem, limiting pesticide transfer from agricultural plot to surface waterbodies appears to be crucial. Two constructed wetlands were tested at both pilot scale of an experimental constructed wetland and field scale of the outfall of a subsurface drained watershed. Tracer experiment and pesticide mass balance studies allowed us to assess the dissipation potential of a subsurface flow constructed wetland. At field scale, climatic parameters water and pesticide's flows in and out have been measured and monitored. We also recorded the conditions of implementation since we were very closed to real conditions. For this purpose inquiries addressing the various actors were carried out by sociologists. The results of the performance regarding pesticide's dissipation are given mentioning that efficiency is strongly linked to pesticide properties and hydrological transfer period (from 20 to 90% of pesticide removal). Sociologic approaches and amenities assessments have revealed unsuspected relations of the farmers with the society and the environment, and vice versa. The implementations have resulted of a co-construction where each actor had personal involvement. Even if co-construction should be a driving line, solutions for appropriate incentives and land reallocation tools should be fought with politics and authorities in order to facilitate further realisations.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]L'utilisation de filtres plantés de roseaux pour l'assainissement des petites communautés en contexte tropical : le cas de Mayotte | The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of effluents from housing schemes and villages in an island in the tropics: New results from Mayotte
2010
Esser, D. | Riegel, C. | Boura, S. | Liénard, A.
On the 2006 IWA International Wetlands Conference in Portugal, two wetland pilot plants in the small tropical island of Mayotte, in the Indian Ocean, were presented. The first pilot plant being a vertical flow filter with recirculation, fed with raw sewage, and the second one a horizontal flow filter after an Imhoff tank. These plants where put into operation the end of 2005 and early 2006, respectively, by SIEAM, which is a syndicate created by the islands authorities who will have the task to operate all water and sewage equipment on the island. The plants have been monitored by SIEAM ever since they went into operation and first results were presented at the 2006 Wetlands conference. In this paper, we present the operation conditions, treatment results and problems encountered during the last 4 years of operation and monitoring of these pilot plants, which will be of particular interest in the aim of finding sustainable treatment solutions for small communities in the tropics, even though the amount of date gathered during this four year period is not as important as we had hoped.
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