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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River Estuary, South China 全文
2011
Bai, Junhong | Xiao, Rong | Cui, Baoshan | Zhang, Kejiang | Wang, Qinggai | Liu, Xinhui | Gao, Haifeng | Huang, Laibin
Soils were sampled in three types of wetlands from the young (A) and old (B) reclaimed regions of the Pearl River Estuary. They were analyzed for total concentrations of heavy metals to investigate their distributions and pollution levels in both regions. Results showed that most heavy metals in ditch and riparian wetlands did not significantly differ from those in reclaimed wetlands in A region, while significantly lower for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in reclaimed wetlands in B region, suggesting higher effects of long-term reclamation. Iron, Cr and Cu were identified as metal pollutants of primary concern and had higher contributions to the total toxic units compared to other metals. Almost all metals exceeded their lowest effect levels and Fe and Cr even exceeded the severe effect levels. Multivariate analysis shows that Fe and Mn are controlled by parent rocks and other metals mainly originate from anthropogenic source.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Antagonism of phenanthrene cytotoxicity for human embryo lung fibroblast cell line HFL-I by green tea polyphenols 全文
2011
Mei, Xin | Wu, Yuan-yuan | Mao, Xiao | Tu, You-Ying
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected in some commercial teas around the world and pose a threat to tea consumers. However, green tea polyphenols (GTP) possess remarkable antioxidant and anticancer effects. In this study, the potential of GTP to block the toxicity of the model PAH phenanthrene was examined in human embryo lung fibroblast cell line HFL-I. Both GTP and phenanthrene treatment individually caused dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. A full factorial design experiment demonstrated that the interaction of phenanthrene and GTP significantly reduced growth inhibition. Using the median effect method showed that phenanthrene and GTP were antagonistic when the inhibitory levels were less than about 50%. Apoptosis and cell cycle detection suggested that only phenanthrene affected cell cycle significantly and caused cell death; GTP lowered the mortality of HFL-I cells exposed to phenanthrene; However, GTP did not affect modulation of the cell cycle by phenanthrene.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Sorption isotherms of brominated diphenyl ethers on natural soils with different organic carbon fractions 全文
2011
Liu, Wenxin | Li, WeiBo | Xing, Baoshan | Chen, JiangLin | Tao, Shu
Sorption isotherms of BDE-28 and BDE-47 on natural soils with different contents of soil organic matter (SOM) were investigated. Due to low water solubility of BDEs and resulted narrow ranges of aqueous equilibrium concentration, the linear distribution model showed similar and good fitting efficiency to the linear portion of nonlinear Freundlich curve. For the same sample, the linear and nonlinear model fitting sorption coefficients were close. At the statistically significant level of 0.05 or 0.1, significant relationships of total organic carbon fraction (fOC) with the fitting sorption coefficients can be observed. As for BDE-28, the relationships of fOC and SOM fractions with the single point partition coefficients at different aqueous concentrations of BDEs were significant; while for BDE-47, the relationships became less significant or insignificant, especially at higher aqueous concentrations. The findings in this study may facilitate more understanding on transport and fate of studied BDEs in soil systems.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Distribution, speciation and availability of antimony (Sb) in soils and terrestrial plants from an active Sb mining area 全文
2011
Okkenhaug, Gudny | Zhu, Yong-Guan | Luo, Lei | Lei, Ming | Li, Xi | Mulder, Jan
Here, we present one of the first studies investigating the mobility, solubility and the speciation-dependent in-situ bioaccumulation of antimony (Sb) in an active Sb mining area (Xikuangshan, China). Total Sb concentrations in soils are high (527–11,798 mg kg⁻¹), and all soils, including those taken from a paddy field and a vegetable garden, show a high bioavailable Sb fraction (6.3–748 mg kg⁻¹), dominated by Sb(V). Elevated concentrations in native plant species (109–4029 mg kg⁻¹) underpin this. Both chemical equilibrium studies and XANES data suggest the presence of Ca[Sb(OH)₆]₂, controlling Sb solubility. A very close relationship was found between the citric acid extractable Sb in plants and water or sulfate extractable Sb in soil, indicating that citric acid extractable Sb content in plants may be a better predictor for bioavailable Sb in soil than total acid digestible Sb plant content.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The effect of metal pollution on the population genetic structure of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) residing in the River Hayle, Cornwall, UK 全文
2011
Durrant, Christopher J. | Stevens, Jamie R. | Hogstrand, Christer | Bury, Nicolas R.
The River Hayle in south-west England is impacted with metals and can be divided into three regions depending on the copper and zinc concentrations: a low-metal upper section; a highly-contaminated middle section and a moderately contaminated lower section. Hayle river water is toxic to metal-naive brown trout, but brown trout are found in the upper and lower regions. The study aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure of River Hayle brown trout and to determine if the highly-contaminated section acts as a chemical barrier to migration. Population genetic analysis indicated that metals were not a barrier to gene flow within the river, but there was a high level of differentiation observed between fish sampled at two sites in the upper region, despite being separated by only 1 km. The metal tolerance trait exhibited by this brown trout population may represent an important component of the species genetic diversity in this region.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Enhanced nitrogen deposition exacerbates the negative effect of increasing background ozone in Dactylis glomerata, but not Ranunculus acris 全文
2011
Wyness, Kirsten | Mills, Gina | Jones, Laurence | Barnes, Jeremy D. | Jones, D. L. (Davey L.)
The combined impacts of simulated increased nitrogen (N) deposition (75kgNha⁻¹yr⁻¹) and increasing background ozone (O₃) were studied using two mesotrophic grassland species (Dactylis glomerata and Ranunculus acris) in solardomes, by means of eight O₃ treatments ranging from 15.5ppb to 92.7ppb (24h average mean). A–Cᵢ curves were constructed for each species to gauge effects on photosynthetic efficiency and capacity, and effects on biomass partitioning were determined after 14 weeks. Increasing the background concentration of O₃ reduced the healthy above ground and root biomass of both species, and increased senesced biomass. N fertilisation increased biomass production in D. glomerata, and a significantly greater than additive effect of O₃ and N on root biomass was evident. In contrast, R. acris biomass was not affected by high N. The study shows the combined effects of these pollutants have differential implications for carbon allocation patterns in common grassland species.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The physiological, transcriptional and genetic responses of an ozone- sensitive and an ozone tolerant poplar and selected extremes of their F₂ progeny 全文
2011
Street, Nathaniel Robert | James, Tallis Matthew | James, Tucker | Mikael, Brosché | Jaakko, Kangasjärvi | Mark, Broadmeadow | Taylor, Gail
Relatively little is known about the transcriptional response or genetic control of response and adaptation of trees to tropospheric ozone exposure. Such understanding is needed as up to 50% of forests, globally, may be subjected to phytotoxic concentrations of ozone. The physiological, transcriptional and genetic response to ozone was examined in Populus trichocarpa and P. deltoides, which show extreme sensitivity and tolerance to ozone, respectively. Using an inbred F₂ mapping population derived from these two species, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits associated with ozone response, examined segregation of the transcriptional response to ozone and co-located genes showing divergent responses between tolerant and sensitive genotypes with QTL. QTL were identified linking detrimental effects of ozone with leaf and biomass traits and differential responses were found for key genes involved in ethylene production and response.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Mechanisms of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) encroachment in dry heathland ecosystems with chronic nitrogen inputs 全文
2011
Friedrich, Uta | von Oheimb, Goddert | Dziedek, Christoph | Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich | Selbmann, Katharina | Härdtle, Werner
Mechanisms of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) encroachment in dry heathland ecosystems with chronic nitrogen inputs 全文
2011
Friedrich, Uta | von Oheimb, Goddert | Dziedek, Christoph | Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich | Selbmann, Katharina | Härdtle, Werner
We analysed growth strategies (biomass allocation, nutrient sequestration and allocation) of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) seedlings in monocultures and mixtures in relation to N, P, and N + P fertilisation in a greenhouse experiment in order to simulate a heath’s pioneer phase under high airborne nitrogen (N) loads. N fertilisation increased the total biomass of both species in monocultures. In mixtures, M. caerulea sequestered about 65% of the N applied, while C. vulgaris suffered from N shortage (halving of the total biomass). Thus, in mixtures only M. caerulea will benefit from airborne N loads, and competition will become increasingly asymmetric with increasing N availability. Our results demonstrate that the heath’s pioneer phase is the crucial tipping point at which the competitive vigour of M. caerulea (high belowground allocation, efficient use of belowground resources, shortened reproductive cycles) induces a shift to dominance of grasses under increased N availability.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Mechanisms of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) encroachment in dry heathland ecosystems with chronic nitrogen inputs 全文
2011
Friedrich, Uta | Oheimb, Goddert von | Dziedek, Christoph | Kriebitzsch, Wolf-Ulrich | Selbmann, Katharina | Härdtle, Werner
The effect of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles on Escherichia coli genome 全文
2011
He, Shiying | Feng, Youzhi | Gu, Ning | Zhang, Yu | Lin, Xiangui
Extensive production and application of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has increased their potential risk on environment and human health. This report illustrates a genetic impact of γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on Escherichia coli (E. coli). After 3000-generation incubation with MNPs addition, obvious genomic variations were revealed by using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprint technique. The physicochemical interactions between MNPs and bacteria could be responsible for such genomic responses. It was revealed that Fe³⁺ concentration increased in the medium. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis consistently demonstrated the occurrences of adsorption and membranes-internalization of MNPs outside and inside cells. Both increased Fe³⁺ ion and the uptake of MNPs facilitated Fe binding with proteins and DNA strands, resulting in enhancing the mutation frequency of E. coli. Our results would be of great help to assessing the potential impact of MNPs on human and environment.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Anatomy of an urban waterbody: A case study of Boston’s Muddy River 全文
2011
Mathew, Miriam | Yao, Yifu | Cao, Yixing | Shodhan, Khyati | Ghosh, Indrani | Bucci, Vanni | Leitao, Christopher | Njoka, Danson | Wei, Irvine | Hellweger, Ferdi L.
The objective of this study was to characterize and understand the water quality of Boston’s Muddy River prior to restoration, to help guide those activities and evaluate their success. We use a combination of monitoring, data analysis and mathematical modeling. The seasonal pattern of temperature, pollutant signatures (identified using a principal component analysis), correlations with precipitation and spatial patterns all point to a significant wastewater input at one of the outfalls and suggest significant receiving water impact. However, a quantitative analysis using a mathematical model (QUAL2K) suggests this source is not significant. Rather, internal loading from algae, sediment bed and waterfowl dominate the spatial pattern of water quality. These results suggest significant improvement can be expected from planned sediment dredging. The paper provides a case study of water quality assessment in the context of urban river restoration, and it illustrates the utility of combining monitoring and data analysis with modeling.
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