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Trace element distribution in marine microplastics using laser ablation-ICPMS
2020
El Hadri, Hind | Gigault, Julien | Mounicou, Sandra | Grassl, Bruno | Reynaud, Stephanie
International audience | Due to the dramatic quantity of plastic debris released into our environment, one of the biggest challenges of the next decades is to trace and quantify microplastics (MPs) in our environments, especially to better evaluate their capacity to transport other contaminants such as trace metals. In this study, trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and U) were analyzed in the microplastic subsurface (200 μm) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Microplastics subjected to the marine environment were collected on beaches (Guadeloupe) exposed to the north Atlantic gyre. We established a strategy to discriminate sorbed contaminants from additives based on the metal concentration profiles in MP subsurface using qualitative and quantitative approaches. A spatiotemporal correlation of the sorption pattern was proposed to compare MPs in terms of relative exposure time and time-weighted average concentrations in the exposure media.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of Plant Species and Nutrient Loading Rates in Treatment Wetlands for Polluted River Water Under a Subtropical Climate
2020
Tondera, K. | Shang, Kankan | Vincent, Gilles | Chazarenc, Florent | Hu, Yonghong | Brisson, Jacques | Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE) ; IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique) ; Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT) | SHANGHAI CHENSHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN SHANGHAI CHENSHAN PLANT RESEARCH CENTER SHANGHAI CHN ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale ; Université de Montréal (UdeM) | Shanghai Administration Bureau of Landscape and City Appearance : G152426 | Shanghai Science & Technology Committee : 19DZ1203403
International audience | The performance of 14 large pilot-scale horizontal flow wetlands (similar to 60 m(2)each) designed to treat polluted river water was tested in a 3-year study at the Chenshan Botanical Garden in Shanghai, China. Five local species,Arundo donax,Cyperus alternifolius,Phragmites australis,Thalia dealbataandTypha orientalis, were planted in monocultures and in a polyculture ofPhragmites,ThaliaandTypha.Total nitrogen (TN) removal was compared among species and to an unplanted bed.Each bed was replicated once, and the parallel setup received a TN inflow concentration of 16 mg L(-1)on average over each summer season, a level twice as high as for the beds receiving unspiked inflow. During the first 2 years of operation, the only significant differences in pollutant removal were between planted and unplanted systems. In the third year, significant differences appeared among planted beds in the high nutrient systems, withPhragmitesbeing the most efficient species in TN removal andArundothe least, suggesting that greater inflow and more maturity may be needed before differences can be detected. The polyculture was never significantly more efficient than the other planted systems. However, it ranked among the best systems in 2018. Yet, while a greater removal of the polyculture over the average TN removal of all monocultures taken together may develop over time, we found no evidence that the polyculture may get more efficient than the best monoculture. Observation over all phases of plant establishment made it possible to draw conclusions for future design and operation.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Benefit-risk associated with the consumption of fish bycatch from tropical tuna fisheries
2020
Sardenne, Fany | Bodin, Nathalie | Médieu, Anais | Antha, Marisa | Arrisol, Rona | Le Grand, Fabienne | Bideau, Antoine | Munaron, Jean-marie | Le Loc’h, François | Chassot, Emmanuel
Mercury, omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and macronutrients (fat and proteins) were quantified on a wet weight (ww) basis in 20 species of fish taken as bycatch in tropical tuna fisheries. Based on a hazard quotient taking into account mercury and omega-3 contents, a benefit-risk assessment for the consumption of these pelagic species was conducted for three people categories: young children, children and adults. All fish bycatch were found to be an excellent source of proteins (min‒max = 14.4‒25.2 g/100g fillet), had low omega-6/omega-3 ratios (<1, except for silky shark), and had mercury content below the safety limits defined by sanitary agencies. Silky shark and Istiophoridae had the highest mercury contents (min‒max = 0.029‒0.317 ppm ww). Omega-3 contents were the lowest in silky shark (0.2±0.2 mg/100g fillet) and the highest in striped marlin (3.6±3.2 g/100g fillet). Billfishes (Istiophoridae, including striped marlin), minor tunas (Scombridae), and Carangidae had the highest omega-3 contents (min‒max = 0.68‒7.28 g/100g fillet). The highest hazard quotient values obtained for silky shark and great barracuda reflected a lower nutritional benefit (i.e., low omega-3 source) than risk (i.e., mercury exposure), making them not advisable for consumption. Eight species had low hazard quotients, and among them cottonmouth jack and flat needlefish were found of high health interest (high protein, moderate fat contents, and low omega-6/omega-3 ratio). A daily serving portion of 85‒200 g (according to people category) can be recommended for these species. Batfish, and to a lower extent pompano dolphinfish and brassy chub, can also be consumed safely and would provide greater health benefits than risks. These results advocate for a better access of these species to local populations.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Mass balance and long-term soil accumulation of trace elements in arable crop systems amended with urban composts or cattle manure during 17 years
2020
Michaud, Aurélia Marcelline | Cambier, Philippe | Sappin-Didier, Valerie | Deltreil, Valentin | Mercier, Vincent | Rampon, Jean-Noël | Houot, Sabine | Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA) ; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Veolia Recherche & Innovation (VeRI) ; Veolia Environnement (FRANCE)
International audience | Organic waste products (OWP) application to crop lands makes possible nutrients recycling. However, it can result in long-term accumulation of trace elements (TE) in soils. The present study aimed at (i) assessing the impact of regular applications of urban composts and manure on the TE contents of topsoils and crops in a long-term field experiment, (ii) comparing the TE mass balances with the stock variations of TE in soils, and (iii) proposing a prospective evaluation of this practice, based on estimated soil safe threshold values and simulations of soil TE accumulation for 100 years. In the long-term field experiment, physico-chemical properties and TE contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been measured in OWP, soils, plants and leaching waters for the period 1998–2015, and used for mass balance calculations and long-term simulations of TE accumulations. The composts of green wastes and sludge (GWS) and of municipal solid waste (MSW) were the OWP with the largest TE contents, while the farmyard manure tended to have the lowest. Repeated application of OWP led to significant accumulation of Zn and Cu in the topsoil layer (not for Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb), especially with GWS, without overpassing calculated protective threshold values. No effect of repeated application of OWP has been observed on TE contents in grains (wheat, maize, barley). The positive mass balance has been dominated by the input flux of TE through OWP and resulted in the observed increases of soil stocks for Cu and Zn. Prospective simulation of soil content evolution until 2100 showed that soil content reached 0.4 mg Cd kg−1 soil (GWS, MSW), 38 mg Cu kg−1 soil (GWS) and 109 mg Zn kg−1 soil (GWS), which remained lower than protective threshold values.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Nanoplastics exposure modulate lipid and pigment compositions in diatoms
2020
Gonzalez-fernandez, Carmen | Le Grand, Fabienne | Bideau, Antoine | Huvet, Arnaud | Paul-pont, Ika | Soudant, Philippe
The impact of nanoplastics (NP) using model polystyrene nanoparticles amine functionalized (PS–NH2) has been investigated on pigment and lipid compositions of the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile, at two growth phases using a low (0.05 μg mL−1) and a high (5 μg mL−1) concentrations for 96 h. Results evidenced an impact on pigment composition associated to the light-harvesting function and photoprotection mainly at exponential phase. NP also impacted lipid composition of diatoms with a re-adjustment of lipid classes and fatty acids noteworthy. Main changes upon NP exposure were observed in galactolipids and triacylglycerol's at both growth phases affecting the thylakoids membrane structure and cellular energy reserve of diatoms. Particularly, exponential cultures exposed to high NP concentration showed an impairment of long chain fatty acids synthesis. Changes in pigment and lipid content of diatom’ cells revealed that algae physiology is determinant in the way cells adjust their thylakoid membrane composition to cope with NP contamination stress. Compositions of reserve and membrane lipids are proposed as sensitive markers to assess the impact of NP exposure, including at potential predicted environmental doses, on marine organisms.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Barrage fishponds, a funnel effect for metal contaminants on headwater streams
2020
Le Cor, François | Slaby, Sylvain | Gaillard, Juliette | Dauchy, Xavier | Feidt, Cyril | Banas, Damien | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN) ; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Rhin-MeuseWater Agency | Anses | SERVIPOND project - EcoServ metaprogramme of INRA
International audience | Fishponds are man-made shallow water bodies that are still little studied because of their small size. They represent high value ecosystems, both environmentally (biodiversity hotspot) and economically (fish production). They can have a high place on the hydrographic network, so their influence on water quality is of first importance for rivers and water bodies located downstream and monitored under the Water Framework Directive. These small water bodies can be a source of contaminants during draining period or an efficient buffer for pesticides. We wanted to evaluate whether these ponds could also be a remediation tool against metals by following the annual evolution of upstream/downstream flows. Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc concentrations were quantified in the dissolved phase upstream and downstream of three ponds, each one having a specific agricultural environment (traditional or organic). Metal concentration was quantified in sediments and water. For the dissolved phase, the predictive non-effect concentration was often exceeded, suggesting an environmental risk. Results highlighted also greater quantity of metals at the downstream of the pond compared to the upstream, suggesting remobilization into the ponds or direct cross-sectional contributions from the watershed (e.g. runoff from crops) or even remobilization. Regarding sediments, minimal contamination was shown but a high mineralogical variability. No buffer effect of ponds, which could reduce the risk of acute or chronic toxicity, was detected.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 presence affects Bacillus velezensis 32a ecological fitness in the tomato rhizosphere
2020
Abdallah, Dorra Ben | Krier, Francois | Jacques, Philippe | Tounsi, Slim | Frikha-Gargouri, Olfa | Biopesticides Laboratory ; Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS) | Institut Charles Viollette (ICV) - ULR 7394 (ICV) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI) ; TERRA Teaching and Research Centre ; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; Université de Liège - Gembloux-Université de Liège - Gembloux-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech ; Université de Liège - Gembloux-Université de Liège - Gembloux
International audience | The persistence of pathogenic Agrobacterium strains as soil-associated saprophytes may cause an inconsistency in the efficacy of the biocontrol inoculants under field condition. The study of the interaction occurring in the rhizosphere between the beneficial and the pathogenic microbes is thus interesting for the development of effective biopesticides for the management of crown gall disease. However, very little is still known about the influence of these complex interactions on the biocontrol determinants of beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus strains. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the soil borne pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 on root colonization and lipopeptide production by Bacillus velezensis strain 32a during interaction with tomato plants. Results show that the presence of A. tumefaciens C58 positively impacted the root colonization level of the Bacillus strain. However, negative impact on surfactin production was observed in Agrobacterium-treated seedling, compared with control. Further investigation suggests that these modulations are due to a modified tomato root exudate composition during the tripartite interaction. Thus, this work contributes to enhance the knowledge on the impact of interspecies interaction on the ecological fitness of Bacillus cells living in the rhizosphere.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ecological assessment of groundwater ecosystems disturbed by recharge systems using organic matter quality, biofilm characteristics and bacterial diversity
2020
Voisin, Jérémy | Cournoyer, B. | Marjolet, L. | Vienney, Antonin | Mermillod-Blondin, Florian | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Region Auvergne-Rhone-AlpesRegion Bourgogne-Franche-ComteRegion Hauts-de-FranceRegion Nouvelle-AquitaineAgence de l'Eau Rhone-Mediterranee-Corse French national research program for environmental and occupational health of Anses under the terms of project "Iouqmer" EST 2016/1/120Lyon Metropole | ANR-16-CE32-0006,FROG,Réponses fonctionnelles des aquifères souterrains aux pratiques d'infiltration en milieu urbain(2016)
International audience | Recharge of aquifers by urban stormwater may trigger significant ecological changes that can be detrimental to the biodiversity and functioning of groundwater ecosystems. Here, the effects of aquifer recharge (AR) on three levels of parameters were investigated: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and quality, global biofilm characteristics, and diversity changes of bacterial communities. As DOC enrichment by AR can be mitigated by vadose zone (VZ) thickness, three AR sites with thin VZ (< 3 m) and three sites with thick VZ (> 10 m) were selected. For each AR site, clay beads were incubated over a 10-day-long rainy period through wells in recharged and non-recharged groundwaters. Total proteins, dehydrogenase, and hydrolytic activities were monitored from clay beads to assess biofilm development. Bacterial richness on beads was estimated by 16S rRNA-based metabarcoding. AR was found to significantly increase DOC and biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentrations, biofilm development, and bacterial richness especially in sites with thin VZ. VZ thickness was inversely related to microbial growth indicators and bacterial richness in groundwater, through a control of DOC availability. The proportion of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene reads was higher in recharged groundwater than in non-recharged groundwater, suggesting that this phylum could be used as an indicator of DOC enrichment associated with AR. Quantitative PCR assays for Bacteroides DNA confirmed these trends and showed an enrichment of this bacterial group in DOC-rich aquifer waters. The positive linear relationships between BDOC concentrations and biofilm variables highlighted a strong C-limitation of groundwater impacting bacterial species sorting and activity.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Health indicators and contaminant levels of a critically endangered species in the Gironde estuary, the European sturgeon
2020
Acolas, Marie-Laure | Davail, Blandine | Gonzalez, Patrice | Jean, Séverine | Clérandeau, Christelle | Morin, Bénédicte | Gourves, Pierre-Yves | Daffe, Guillemine | Labadie, Pierre | Perrault, Annie | Lauzent, Mathilde | Pierre, Maud | Le Barh, Romaric | Baudrimont, Magalie | Peluhet, Laurent | Le Menach, Karyn | Budzinski, Hélène | Rochard, Eric | Cachot, Jérôme | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie et Ecotoxicologie des Systèmes Aquatiques (LEESA) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Français du Pétrole-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE) ; Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine | IRSTEA | Adour-Garonne water agency | Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine | Gironde general council in 2014 | ANR-13-CESA-0018,SturTOP,Vulnérabilité et adaptabilité de la dernière population d'esturgeon européen (Acipenser sturio) aux facteurs de stress environnementaux : température, oxygène et polluants.(2013)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes | International audience | The European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, is a highly endangered species that almost disappeared in the last decades. Thanks to yearly restocking of the population, this species is still found in the Gironde estuary (France), where juveniles grow during several years before leaving to the ocean. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pressure exerted on these fish by known organic and inorganic contaminants during their stay at the Gironde estuary, and to get information on the fish's health in this context. Monthly captures over the year 2014 provided 87 fish from the cohorts 2012 and 2013 mainly, and from cohorts 2008, 2009, and 2011, all fish born in hatchery. We report the very first analyses of contaminant levels and of biological markers measured in the blood of these fish.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]VOC and carbonyl compound emissions of a fiberboard resulting from a coriander biorefinery: comparison with two commercial wood-based building materials
2020
Simon, Valérie | Uitterhaegen, Evelien | Robillard, Anaïs | Ballas, Stéphane | Véronèse, Thierry | Vilarem, Gérard | Merah, Othmane | Talou, Thierry | Evon, Philippe | Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI) ; Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ovalie Innovation
International audience | Indoor air quality is a major public health issue. It is related to the choice of construction materials and associated with VOC emissions. Two wood-based commercial panels were tested: a medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and a chipboard (CH), and they were compared to a material produced from a coriander biorefinery (COR). Indicators chosen to compare the materials were physical properties (density, bending properties, surface hardness, thickness swelling, and water absorption) and VOC emissions. Emissions were evaluated in an environmental chamber at 23 °C, 31 °C, and 36 °C, and during 28 days. Carbonyl emissions on day 1 at 23 °C were 74, 146, and 35 μg m−2 h−1, respectively, for MDF, CH, and COR. Terpenic emissions were 12, 185, and 37 μg m−2 h−1, respectively. Higher temperature resulted in higher emissions which decreased over time, except for formaldehyde. VOC emissions depended largely on material and temperature. Formaldehyde emission was 300 to 600 times lower for coriander boards (< 0.2 μg m−2 h−1), making them significantly more environmentally friendly materials in comparison with MDF and chipboard. These results highlight the interest of coriander by-products as raw materials for producing fiberboards with low impact on indoor air quality.
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