细化搜索
结果 1391-1400 的 5,149
Incorporating long-term satellite-based aerosol optical depth, localized land use data, and meteorological variables to estimate ground-level PM2.5 concentrations in Taiwan from 2005 to 2015 全文
2018
Jung, Chau-Ren | Hwang, Bing-Fang | Chen, Wei-Ting
Satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) is now comprehensively applied to estimate ground-level concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study aimed to construct the AOD-PM2.5 estimation models over Taiwan. The AOD-PM2.5 modeling in Taiwan island is challenging owing to heterogeneous land use, complex topography, and humid tropical to subtropical climate conditions with frequent cloud cover and prolonged rainy season. The AOD retrievals from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites were combined with the meteorological variables from reanalysis data and high resolution localized land use variables to estimate PM2.5 over Taiwan island from 2005 to 2015. Ten-fold cross validation was carried out and the residuals of the estimation model at various locations and seasons are assessed. The cross validation (CV) R2 based on monitoring stations were 0.66 and 0.66, with CV root mean square errors of 14.0 μg/m3 (34%) and 12.9 μg/m3 (33%), respectively, for models based on Terra and Aqua AOD. The results provided PM2.5 estimations at locations without surface stations. The estimation revealed PM2.5 concentration hotspots in the central and southern part of the western plain areas, particularly in winter and spring. The annual average of estimated PM2.5 concentrations over Taiwan consistently declined during 2005–2015. The AOD-PM2.5 model is a reliable and validated method for estimating PM2.5 concentrations at locations without monitoring stations in Taiwan, which is crucial for epidemiological study and for the assessment of air quality control policy.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Nitric oxide alleviates wheat yield reduction by protecting photosynthetic system from oxidation of ozone pollution 全文
2018
Li, Caihong | Song, Yanjie | Guo, Liyue | Gu, Xian | Muminov, Mahmud A. | Wang, Tianzuo
Accelerated industrialization has been increasing releases of chemical precursors of ozone. Ozone concentration has risen nowadays, and it's predicted that this trend will continue in the next few decades. The yield of many ozone-sensitive crops suffers seriously from ozone pollution, and there are abundant reports exploring the damage mechanisms of ozone to these crops, such as winter wheat. However, little is known on how to alleviate these negative impacts to increase grain production under elevated ozone. Nitric oxide, as a bioactive gaseous, mediates a variety of physiological processes and plays a central role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, the accumulation of endogenous nitric oxide in wheat leaves was found to increase in response to ozone. To study the functions of nitric oxide, its precursor sodium nitroprusside was spayed to wheat leaves under ozone pollution. Wheat leaves spayed with sodium nitroprusside accumulated less hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage under ozone pollution, which can be accounted for by the higher activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase than in leaves treated without sodium nitroprusside. Consequently, net photosynthetic rate of wheat treated using sodium nitroprusside was much higher, and yield reduction was alleviated under ozone fumigation. These findings are important for our understanding of the potential roles of nitric oxide in responses of crops in general and wheat in particular to ozone pollution, and provide a viable method to mitigate the detrimental effects on crop production induced by ozone pollution, which is valuable for keeping food security worldwide.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Selective binding behavior of humic acid removal by aluminum coagulation 全文
2018
Jin, Pengkang | Song, Jina | Yang, Lei | Jin, Xin | Wang, Xiaochang C.
The reactivity characteristics of humic acid (HA) with aluminium coagulants at different pH values was investigated. It revealed that the linear complexation reaction occurred between aluminum and humic acid at pH < 7, and the reaction rate increased as the pH increased from 2 to 6. While at pH = 7, most of the dosed aluminum existed in the form of free aluminum and remained unreacted in the presence of HA until the concentration reached to trigger Al(OH)₃₍ₛ₎ formation. Differentiating the change of functional groups of HA by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectra analysis, it elucidated that there was a selective complexation between HA and Al with lower Al dosage at pH 5, which was probably due to coordination of the activated functional groups onto aluminium. While almost all components were removed proportionally by sweep adsorption without selectivity at pH 7, as well as that with higher Al dosage at pH 5. This study provided a promising pathway to analyse the mechanism of the interaction between HA and metal coagulants in future.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Embryonic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene inhibits reproductive capability in adult female zebrafish and correlation with DNA methylation 全文
2018
Gao, Dongxu | Lin, Jing | Ou, Kunlin | Chen, Ying | Li, Hongbin | Dai, Qinhua | Yu, Zhenni | Zuo, Zhenghong | Wang, Chonggang
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of embryonic short-term exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on ovarian development and reproductive capability in adult female zebrafish. In 1-year-old fish after embryonic exposure to BaP for 96 h, the gonadosomatic indices and the percentage of mature oocytes were significantly decreased in the 0.5, 5 and 50 nmol/L treatments. The spawned egg number, the fertilization rate and the hatching success were significantly reduced, while the malformation rate of the F1 unexposed larvae were increased. The mRNA levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, ovarian cytochrome P450 aromatase cyp19a1a and cyp19b, estrogen receptor esr1 and esr2, and hepatic vitellogenin vtg1 and vtg2 genes, were down-regulated in adult female zebrafish that were exposed to BaP during embryonic stage. Both 17β-estradiol and testosterone levels were reduced in the ovary of adult females. The methylation levels of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) gene gnrh3 were significantly increased in the adult zebrafish brain, and those of the GnRH receptor gene gnrhr3 were elevated both in the larvae exposed to BaP and in the adult brain, which might cause the down-regulation of the mRNA levels of gnrh3 and gnrhr3. This epigenetic change caused by embryonic exposure to BaP might be a reason for physiological changes along the brain–pituitary–gonad axis. These results suggest that short-term exposure in early life should be included and evaluated in any risk assessment of pollutant exposure to the reproductive health of fish.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Macroplastic and microplastic contamination assessment of a tropical river (Saigon River, Vietnam) transversed by a developing megacity 全文
2018
Lahens, Lisa | Strady, Emilie | Kieu-le, Thuy-chung | Dris, Rachid | Boukerma, Kada | Rinnert, Emmanuel | Gasperi, Johnny | Tassin, Bruno
Both macroplastic and microplastic contamination levels were assessed for the first time in a tropical river estuary system, i.e. the Saigon River, that traverses a developing South East Asian megacity, i.e. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The analysis of floating debris collected daily on the Nhieu Loc - Thi Nghe canal by the municipal waste management service shows that the plastic mass percentage represents 11-43%, and the land-based plastic debris entering the river was estimated from 0.96 to 19.91 g inhabitant-1 d-1, namely 350 to 7270 g inhabitant-1 yr-1. Microplastics were assessed in the Saigon River and in four urban canals by sampling bulk water for anthropogenic fiber analysis and 300 μm mesh size plankton net exposition for fragment analysis. Fibers and fragments are highly concentrated in this system, respectively 172,000 to 519,000 items m-3 and 10 to 223 items m-3. They were found in various colors and shapes with smallest size and surface classes being predominant. The macroplastics and fragments were mainly made of polyethylene and polypropylene while the anthropogenic fibers were mainly made of polyester. The relation between macroplastic and microplastic concentrations, waste management, population density and water treatment are further discussed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Development and implementation of eco-genomic tools for aquatic ecosystem biomonitoring: the SYNAQUA French-Swiss program 全文
2018
Lefrancois, Estelle | Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Laure | Blancher, Philippe | Botreau, Samuel | Chardon, Cécile | Crepin, Laura | Cordier, Tristan | Cordonier, Arielle | Domaizon, Isabelle | Ferrari, Benoit | Guéguen, Julie | Hustache, Jean-Christophe | Jacas, Louis | Jacquet, Stéphan | Lacroix, Sonia | Mazenq, Anne-Laurence | Pawlowska, Alina | Perney, Pascal | Pawlowski, Jan | Rimet, Frédéric | Rubin, Jean-François | Trevisan, Dominique | Vivien, Régis | Bouchez, Agnes | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Département de Génétique et Evolution ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Independent | Asters Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels de Haute-Savoie | Service cantonal de l'écologie de l'eau | Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M) ; Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR) ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | ID-GENE Ecodiagnostics | Department of genetics and evolution ; Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE) | Ecole d'ingénieurs HES ; HES | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | European Cross-Border Cooperation Program (Interreg France-Switzerland); Swiss cantons (Valais, Geneva, Vaud); European (European Regional Development Fund)
International audience | The effectiveness of environmental protection measures is based on the early identification and diagnosis of anthropogenic pressures. Similarly, restoration actions require precise monitoring of changes in the ecological quality of ecosystems, in order to highlight their effectiveness. Monitoring the ecological quality relies on bioindicators, which are organisms revealing the pressures exerted on the environment through the composition of their communities. Their implementation, based on the morphological identification of species, is expensive because it requires time and experts in taxonomy. Recent genomic tools should provide access to reliable and high-throughput environmental monitoring by directly inferring the composition of bioindicators' communities from their DNA (metabarcoding). The French-Swiss program SYNAQUA (INTERREG France-Switzerland 2017-2019) proposes to use and validate the tools of environmental genomic for biomonitoring and aims ultimately at their implementation in the regulatory bio-surveillance. SYNAQUA will test the metabarcoding approach focusing on two bioindicators, diatoms, and aquatic oligochaetes, which are used in freshwater biomonitoring in France and Switzerland. To go towards the renewal of current biomonitoring practices, SYNAQUA will (1) bring together different actors: scientists, environmental managers, consulting firms, and biotechnological companies, (2) apply this approach on a large scale to demonstrate its relevance, (3) propose robust and reliable tools, and (4) raise public awareness and train the various actors likely to use these new tools. Biomonitoring approaches based on such environmental genomic tools should address the European need for reliable, higher-throughput monitoring to improve the protection of aquatic environments under multiple pressures, guide their restoration , and follow their evolution.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: Report on a First French-Swiss Workshop | Considérer les communautés biologiques afin d'améliorer l'évaluation de la qualité écotoxicologique des sédiments : Bilan d'un premier séminaire Franco-Suisse 全文
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, O. | Bonnineau, C. | Casado Martinez, C. | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, E. | Naffrechoux, E. | Ferrari, B.J.D. | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Agence française pour la biodiversité | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME) ; Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: Report on a First French-Swiss Workshop | Considérer les communautés biologiques afin d'améliorer l'évaluation de la qualité écotoxicologique des sédiments : Bilan d'un premier séminaire Franco-Suisse 全文
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, O. | Bonnineau, C. | Casado Martinez, C. | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, E. | Naffrechoux, E. | Ferrari, B.J.D. | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Agence française pour la biodiversité | Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG) | Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) | Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]) | Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME) ; Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples | International audience | The first French-Swiss workshop on ecotoxicology of freshwater sediment communities was co-organized by the French Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea) and the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre EAWAG-EPFL) in Villié-Morgon (Beaujolais Region, France) on April 27-28, 2017. The workshop brought together scientists working in different fields of expertise (ecotoxicologists, ecologists, environmental chemists...), environmental stakeholder groups and managers, as well as economic players (start-ups and consultancies) to better connect research needs of potential end-users with research outputs. The objectives of this workshop were (i) to establish the state of the art of research in the characterization of sediment contamination and in the evaluation of the effects on sediment-associated biological communities and ecosystem functioning and (ii) to give an overview of the French and Swiss regulations dealing with the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems. The ultimate goal was to collectively identify research needs and knowledge gaps, as well as to highlight ways to improve the ecotoxicological assessment of sediments in freshwater environments by further considering the structure and functions of associated microbial and invertebrate communities.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Looking at biological community level to improve ecotoxicological assessment of freshwater sediments: report on a first French-Swiss workshop 全文
2018
Pesce, Stéphane | Perceval, Olivier | Bonnineau, Chloé | Casado-Martinez, Carmen | Dabrin, Aymeric | Lyautey, Emilie | Naffrechoux, Emmanuel | Ferrari, BenoitJ.D.
The first French-Swiss workshop on ecotoxicology of freshwater sediment communities was co-organized by the French Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea) and the Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology (Ecotox Centre EAWAG-EPFL) in Villié-Morgon (Beaujolais Region, France) on April 27–28, 2017. The workshop brought together scientists working in different fields of expertise (ecotoxicologists, ecologists, environmental chemists…), environmental stakeholder groups and managers, as well as economic players (start-ups and consultancies) to better connect research needs of potential end-users with research outputs. The objectives of this workshop were (i) to establish the state of the art of research in the characterization of sediment contamination and in the evaluation of the effects on sediment-associated biological communities and ecosystem functioning and (ii) to give an overview of the French and Swiss regulations dealing with the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems. The ultimate goal was to collectively identify research needs and knowledge gaps, as well as to highlight ways to improve the ecotoxicological assessment of sediments in freshwater environments by further considering the structure and functions of associated microbial and invertebrate communities.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France 全文
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Céline | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Céline | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) | ISA-TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé ; Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Labex IMU (Project IMU-MIC); Labex IMU (Project IMU-Patho-Air); PEPS-CNRS (Patho-BRD); ANR CABRRES; Grand Lyon Metropolis; Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency | ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011)
Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France 全文
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Céline | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Céline | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) | ISA-TRACES - Technologie et Recherche en Analyse Chimique pour l'Environnement et la Santé ; Institut des Sciences Analytiques (ISA) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Labex IMU (Project IMU-MIC); Labex IMU (Project IMU-Patho-Air); PEPS-CNRS (Patho-BRD); ANR CABRRES; Grand Lyon Metropolis; Rhone-Mediterranean-Corsica Water Agency | ANR-11-CESA-0012,CABRRES,CAractérisation chimique, microbiologique, écotoxicologique et spatio-temporelle des contaminants des Bassins de Retenue des eaux pluviales urbaines : évaluation et gestion des Risques Environnementaux et Sanitaires associés(2011)
International audience | The nature and fate of urban contaminants washed by stormwater events and accumulating in a detention basin (DB) were investigated. Relations between bacterial and chemical contaminants of trapped urban sediments, and field parameters were analyzed. Fecal indicators and some pathogens known to be environmentally transmitted (Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae) were tracked, and their persistence investigated. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 3 years, using five sites including a settling chamber (SC). Aerosolized bacteria at these sites were also monitored. Deposits in the basin were made of fine particles and their content in chemical pollutants was found highly variable. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents were measured but only three pesticides, over 22, were detected. Deposits were significantly contaminated by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and by Nocardia. Only A. caviae showed significant numbers in aerosolized particles recovered over the detention basin. Nocardia spp. cells heavily contaminated the SC. The efficacy of the detention basin at reducing bacterial counts per rain event and over time were estimated. A slight drop in the counts was monitored for fecal indicators but not for the other bacterial groups. Hydrodynamic parameters had a strong impact on the distribution and features of the deposits. Multiple factors impacted the fate of FIB, P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and Nocardia cells, but in a group dependent manner. Nocardia counts were found positively correlated with volatile organic matter. FIB appeared highly efficient colonizers of the DB.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Incidence of hydrological, chemical, and physical constraints on bacterial pathogens, Nocardia cells, and fecal indicator bacteria trapped in an urban stormwater detention basin in Chassieu, France 全文
2018
Bernardin-Souibgui, Claire | Barraud, Sylvie | Bourgeois, Emilie | Aubin, Jean-Baptiste | Becouze-Lareure, Celine | Wiest, Laure | Marjolet, Laurence | Colinon, Celine | Lipeme Kouyi, Ghislain | Cournoyer, Benoit | Blaha, Didier
The nature and fate of urban contaminants washed by stormwater events and accumulating in a detention basin (DB) were investigated. Relations between bacterial and chemical contaminants of trapped urban sediments, and field parameters were analyzed. Fecal indicators and some pathogens known to be environmentally transmitted (Nocardia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas caviae) were tracked, and their persistence investigated. Six sampling campaigns were carried out over 3 years, using five sites including a settling chamber (SC). Aerosolized bacteria at these sites were also monitored. Deposits in the basin were made of fine particles and their content in chemical pollutants was found highly variable. High polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents were measured but only three pesticides, over 22, were detected. Deposits were significantly contaminated by fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and by Nocardia. Only A. caviae showed significant numbers in aerosolized particles recovered over the detention basin. Nocardia spp. cells heavily contaminated the SC. The efficacy of the detention basin at reducing bacterial counts per rain event and over time were estimated. A slight drop in the counts was monitored for fecal indicators but not for the other bacterial groups. Hydrodynamic parameters had a strong impact on the distribution and features of the deposits. Multiple factors impacted the fate of FIB, P. aeruginosa, A. caviae, and Nocardia cells, but in a group dependent manner. Nocardia counts were found positively correlated with volatile organic matter. FIB appeared highly efficient colonizers of the DB.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Aporrectodea caliginosa, a relevant earthworm species for a posteriori pesticide risk assessment: current knowledge and recommendations for culture and experimental design 全文
2018
Bart, Sylvain | Amossé, Joël | Lowe, Christopher N. | Mougin, Christian | Pery, Alexandre R.R. | Pelosi, Céline | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Université Paris-Saclay | University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN) | ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011)
Ecotoxicological tests with earthworms are widely used and are mandatory for the risk assessment of pesticides prior to registration and commercial use. The current model species for standardized tests is Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. However, these species are absent from agricultural soils and often less sensitive to pesticides than other earthworm species found in mineral soils. To move towards a better assessment of pesticide effects on non-target organisms, there is a need to perform a posteriori tests using relevant species. The endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) is representative of cultivated fields in temperate regions and is suggested as a relevant model test species. After providing information on its taxonomy, biology, and ecology, we reviewed current knowledge concerning its sensitivity towards pesticides. Moreover, we highlighted research gaps and promising perspectives. Finally, advice and recommendations are given for the establishment of laboratory cultures and experiments using this soil-dwelling earthworm species.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Biological impacts of local vs. regional land use on a small tributary of the Seine River (France): insights from a food web approach based on stable isotopes 全文
2018
Hette-Tronquart, N. | Oberdorff, T. | Tales, E. | Zahm, Amandine | Belliard, J. | Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes | International audience | As part of the landscape, streams are influenced byland use. Here, we contributed to the understanding of the biological impacts of land use on streams, investigating how landscape effects vary with spatial scales (local vs. regional). We adopted a food web approach integrating both biological structure and functioning, to focus on the overall effect of land use on stream biocoenosis. We selected 17 sites of a small tributary of the Seine River (France) for their contrasted land use, and conducted a natural experiment by sampling three organic matter sources, three macroinvertebrate taxa, and most of the fish community. Using stable isotope analysis, we calculated three food web metrics evaluating two major dimensions of the trophic diversity displayed by the fish community: (i) the diversity of exploited resources and (ii) the trophic level richness. The idea was to examine whether (1) land-use effects varied according to spatial scales, (2) land use affected food webs through an effect on community structure and (3) land use affected food webs through an effect onavailable resources. Beside an increase in trophic diversity from upstream to downstream, our empirical data showed that food webs were influenced by land use in the riparian corridors (local scale). The effect was complex, and depended on site's position along the upstream-downstream gradient. By contrast, land use in the catchment (regional scale) did not influence stream biocoenosis. At the local scale, community structure was weakly influenced by land use, and thus played a minor role in explaining food web modifications. Our results suggested that the amount of available resources at the base of the food web was partly responsible for food web modifications. In addition, changes in biological functioning (i.e. feeding interactions) can also explain another part of the land-use effect. These results highlight the role played by the riparian corridors as a buffer zone, and advocate that riparian corridor should be at the centre of water management attention.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]