Snow samples were taken from the plateau glacier of Mt. Logan, Y.T., Canada during an investigation intent on demonstrating the feasibility of taking such samples from high altitude snowfields for pesticide analysis and developing sampling techniques devoid of contamination. Samples were also taken at a depth of 15 m to determine whether DDT concentration varied with the age of the snow. Pesticide analyses were performed using vapor phase chromatographic techniques. DDT was not detected within the limit of detectability (5 ng/l). Over half the samples were contaminated with PCB's which raised the detectability limit to 10-50 ng/1. The PCB contamination is believed to have come from the sampling auger, as an analysis of rinsings from it seemed to confirm. A sample taken from a depth of 1.5-2.5 m was acidified with distilled nitric acid, when thawed, and analyzed for 19 elements simultaleously using a direct reading emission spectrometer. Four elements were detected: boron at 4 ng/ml, cadmium at 9 ng/ml, chromium at 2 ng/ml, and iron at 47 ng/ml. The high levels of cadmium and especially iron suggest contamination from the alloy steels of the auger.

A shipboard sewage treatment system consisting of: Comminution of solids for ease of transport and further treatment; Electro coagulation of sewage for ease of removal of suspended solids; Solids separation; Soluble BOD reduction with carbon adsorption; Coliform bacteria removal; and Solids incineration was designed to process shipboard sanitary, culinary, and laundry wastes during prolonged sea trials. Advantages of the electrochemical system are given. Waste stream characterization showed the BOD and suspended solids levels of shipboard wastes to be 2 to 3 times the concentrations common to municipal wastes. The development program was successful in demonstrating a practical and economically viable electro-chemical treatment system.

The status of the National Irrigation Return Flow Research and Development Program is presented. Current research projects and future program development are discussed. The report represents the position of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with regard to the development of effective controls on the quality of irrigation return flows. Program goals and milestones are outlined. A number of potential control measures are discussed. Improvements in the water delivery system, on-the-farm water management, and the water removal system are considered with respect to improving the quality of irrigation return flows and decreasing the degradation of receiving waters. Research and investigations are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of potential control measures. Demonstrations and educational activities will be required to overcome institutional, political, and legal constraints to water management reform.

The water budget for the city of Laramie, Wyoming, was calculated for the years 1966-1970 in order to supplement studies of the city's sewage lagoons and to estimate the effects of municipal use on the Laramie River. Usage during the summer months (April-September) varied directly with temperature and inversely with rainfall, with an average of 235 gpcd. The river furnished approximately 1/3 of the annual supply, and more than 1/2 of the summer supply. On an annual basis, however the city returned more water to the river than it withdrew.