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From banana fields to the deep blue: Assessment of chlordecone contamination of oceanic cetaceans in the eastern Caribbean 全文
2018
Méndez-Fernandez, Paula | Kiszka, Jeremy J. | Heithaus, Michael R. | Beal, Andria | Vandersarren, Gaëlle | Caurant, Florence | Spitz, Jérôme | Taniguchi, Satie | Montone, Rosalinda C.
From banana fields to the deep blue: Assessment of chlordecone contamination of oceanic cetaceans in the eastern Caribbean 全文
2018
Méndez-Fernandez, Paula | Kiszka, Jeremy J. | Heithaus, Michael R. | Beal, Andria | Vandersarren, Gaëlle | Caurant, Florence | Spitz, Jérôme | Taniguchi, Satie | Montone, Rosalinda C.
In the French West Indies (Caribbean), the insecticide Chlordecone (CLD) has been extensively used to reduce banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) infestations in banana plantations. Previous studies have shown high CLD concentrations in freshwater and coastal communities of the region. CLD concentrations, however, have not yet been assessed in marine top predators. We investigated CLD concentrations in cetacean blubber tissues from Guadeloupe, including Physeter macrocephalus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Stenella attenuata and Pseudorca crassidens. Chlordecone was detected in all blubber samples analysed, with the exception of four P. macrocephalus. Concentrations (range: 1 to 329 ng·g−1 of lipid weight) were, however, lower than those found in species from fresh and brackish water. Ecological factors (open ocean habitat), CLD kinetics, and cetacean metabolism (high or specific enzymatic activity) might explain low concentrations found in cetacean blubber. Future analyses that include internal organ sampling would help to confirm CLD levels observed in this study.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]From banana fields to the deep blue: Assessment of chlordecone contamination of oceanic cetaceans in the eastern Caribbean 全文
2018
Méndez-Fernandez, Paula | Kiszka, Jérémy | Heithaus, Michael, R | Beal, Andria | Vandersarren, Gaëlle | Caurant, Florence | Spitz, Jérôme | Taniguchi, Satie | Montone, Rosalinda, C | Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha ; Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP) | Observatoire pour la Conservation de la Mégafaune Marine (PELAGIS) ; LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Biological Sciences [Miami] ; Florida International University [Miami] (FIU) | CAR-SPAW, Parc National de Guadeloupe [France] | Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | In the French West Indies (Caribbean), the insecticide Chlordecone (CLD) has been extensively used to reducebanana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) infestations in banana plantations. Previous studies have shown high CLDconcentrations in freshwater and coastal communities of the region. CLD concentrations, however, have not yetbeen assessed in marine top predators. We investigated CLD concentrations in cetacean blubber tissues fromGuadeloupe, including Physeter macrocephalus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Stenella attenuata and Pseudorca crassidens.Chlordecone was detected in all blubber samples analysed, with the exception of four P. macrocephalus.Concentrations (range: 1 to 329 ng·g−1 of lipid weight) were, however, lower than those found in species fromfresh and brackish water. Ecological factors (open ocean habitat), CLD kinetics, and cetacean metabolism (highor specific enzymatic activity) might explain low concentrations found in cetacean blubber. Future analyses thatinclude internal organ sampling would help to confirm CLD levels observed in this study.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Distribution and enrichment of trace metals in surface marine sediments collected by the manned submersible Jiaolong in the Yap Trench, northwest Pacific Ocean 全文
2018
Yang, Jichao | Cui, Zhen | Dada, Olusegun A. | Yang, Yaomin | Yu, Hongjun | Xu, Yue | Lin, Zhen | Chen, Yu | Tang, Xin
In this study, we carried out grain size and heavy metal analyses and also assessed heavy metal enrichment and ecological risk indices in ten sediment samples collected by the manned submersible Jiaolong at different segments of the Yap Trench. The results showed that the sediments in the Yap Trench were mainly slumping deposits composed of sandy silt. Heavy metals in the sediments showed different spatial distribution patterns from north to south direction of the trench. The distribution pattern of these heavy metals also differed in the eastern and western flanks of the trench. From the results of the enrichment factors, only arsenic, chromium, and manganese showed a slight enrichment. However, all elements were affected by natural factors. Further, most elements showed a low ecological risk, and only arsenic showed a moderate risk at two stations. Finally, the potential ecological risk of the whole study area was at a low level.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Biogeochemical markers across a pollution gradient in a Patagonian estuary: A multidimensional approach of fatty acids and stable isotopes 全文
2018
Kopprio, G.A. | Dutto, M.S. | Garzón Cardona, J.E. | Gärdes, A. | Lara, R.J. | Graeve, M.
Biogeochemical markers across a pollution gradient in a Patagonian estuary: A multidimensional approach of fatty acids and stable isotopes 全文
2018
Kopprio, G.A. | Dutto, M.S. | Garzón Cardona, J.E. | Gärdes, A. | Lara, R.J. | Graeve, M.
A combined approach merging stable isotopes and fatty acids was applied to study anthropogenic pollution in the Río Negro estuary. Fatty acid markers of vegetal detritus indicated considerable allochthonous inputs at freshwater sites. Correlative evidence of diatom fatty acids, δ13C, chlorophyll and particulate organic matter suggested the importance of diatoms for the autochthonous organic matter production at the river mouth. Low δ15N values (~0‰) and high fatty acid 18:1(n-7) concentrations in the suspended particulate matter, in combination with the peaks of coliforms and ammonium, indicated a strong impact of untreated sewage discharge. The 15N depletion was related to oxygen-limited ammonification processes and incorporation of 15N depleted ammonium to microorganisms. This work demonstrates that the combined use of lipid and isotopic markers can greatly increase our understanding of biogeochemical factors and pollutants influencing estuaries, and our findings highlight the urgent need for water management actions to reduce eutrophication.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Biogeochemical markers across a pollution gradient in a Patagonian estuary: A multidimensional approach of fatty acids and stable isotopes 全文
2018
Kopprio, G.A. | Dutto, M.S. | Cardona, J.E. Garzón | Gärdes, A. | Lara, R.J. | Graeve, M.
A combined approach merging stable isotopes and fatty acids was applied to study anthropogenic pollution in the RÃo Negro estuary. Fatty acid markers of vegetal detritus indicated considerable allochthonous inputs at freshwater sites. Correlative evidence of diatom fatty acids, δ13C, chlorophyll and particulate organic matter suggested the importance of diatoms for the autochthonous organic matter production at the river mouth. Low δ15N values (~0â�°) and high fatty acid 18:1(n-7) concentrations in the suspended particulate matter, in combination with the peaks of coliforms and ammonium, indicated a strong impact of untreated sewage discharge. The 15N depletion was related to oxygen-limited ammonification processes and incorporation of 15N depleted ammonium to microorganisms. This work demonstrates that the combined use of lipid and isotopic markers can greatly increase our understanding of biogeochemical factors and pollutants influencing estuaries, and our findings highlight the urgent need for water management actions to reduce eutrophication.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Biogeochemical markers across a pollution gradient in a Patagonian estuary: A multidimensional approach of fatty acids and stable isotopes 全文
2018
Kopprio, Germán Adolfo | Dutto, María Sofía | Garzon Cardona, John Edison | Gärdes, A. | Lara, Ruben Jose | Graeve, Martin
A combined approach merging stable isotopes and fatty acids was applied to study anthropogenic pollution in the Río Negro estuary. Fatty acid markers of vegetal detritus indicated considerable allochthonous inputs at freshwater sites. Correlative evidence of diatom fatty acids, δ13C, chlorophyll and particulate organic matter suggested the importance of diatoms for the autochthonous organic matter production at the river mouth. Low δ15N values (~0‰) and high fatty acid 18:1(n-7) concentrations in the suspended particulate matter, in combination with the peaks of coliforms and ammonium, indicated a strong impact of untreated sewage discharge. The 15N depletion was related to oxygen-limited ammonification processes and incorporation of 15N depleted ammonium to microorganisms. This work demonstrates that the combined use of lipid and isotopic markers can greatly increase our understanding of biogeochemical factors and pollutants influencing estuaries, and our findings highlight the urgent need for water management actions to reduce eutrophication. | Fil: Kopprio, Germán Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania | Fil: Dutto, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina | Fil: Garzon Cardona, John Edison. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina | Fil: Gärdes, A.. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research; Alemania | Fil: Lara, Ruben Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina | Fil: Graeve, Martin. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Alemania
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evidence of marine debris usage by the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) 全文
2018
Costa, Leonardo Lopes | Rangel, Danilo Freitas | Zalmon, Ilana Rosental
Sandy beaches are sites of marine debris stranding, but the interaction of beach biota with waste is poorly studied. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata selects marine debris by types using a non-destructive method on sandy beaches of Southeastern Brazil. We found marine debris in 7% of 1696 surveyed burrows, and the ghost crabs selectivity was mainly by soft plastic (30%), straw (11%), rope (6%) and foam (4%). Burrows with marine debris showed higher occupation rate (~68%) compared to burrows without debris (~28%), indicating that these materials may increase the capacity of ghost crabs to memorize their burrows placement (homing). The percentage of marine debris was not always related to their amount in the drift line, but ghost crabs used more debris near urbanized areas. Future studies should test whether ghost crabs are using marine debris for feeding, homing or other mechanisms.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]A UAV and S2A data-based estimation of the initial biomass of green algae in the South Yellow Sea 全文
2018
Xu, Fuxiang | Gao, Zhiqiang | Jiang, Xiaopeng | Shang, Weitao | Ning, Jicai | Song, Debin | Ai, Jinquan
Previous studies have shown that the initial biomass of green tide was the green algae attaching to Pyropia aquaculture rafts in the Southern Yellow Sea. In this study, the green algae was identified with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an biomass estimation model was proposed for green algae biomass in the radial sand ridge area based on Sentinel-2A image (S2A) and UAV images. The result showed that the green algae was detected highly accurately with the normalized green-red difference index (NGRDI); approximately 1340 tons and 700 tons of green algae were attached to rafts and raft ropes respectively, and the lower biomass might be the main cause for the smaller scale of green tide in 2017. In addition, UAV play an important role in raft-attaching green algae monitoring and long-term research of its biomass would provide a scientific basis for the control and forecast of green tide in the Yellow Sea.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]High zinc exposure leads to reduced dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) levels in both the host and endosymbionts of the reef-building coral Acropora aspera 全文
2018
Deschaseaux, Elisabeth | Hardefeldt, Jannah | Jones, Graham | Reichelt-Brushett, Amanda
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a biogenic compound that could be involved in metal detoxification in both the host and endosymbionts of symbiotic corals. Acropora aspera, a common reef-building coral of the Great Barrier Reef, was exposed to zinc doses from 10 to 1000μg/L over 96h, with zinc being a low-toxic trace metal commonly used in the shipping industry. Over time, significantly lower DMSP concentrations relative to the control were found in both the host and symbionts in the highest zinc treatment where zinc uptake by both partners of the symbiosis was the highest. This clearly indicates that DMSP was consumed or stopped being produced under high and extended zinc exposure. This drop in DMSP was first observed in the host tissue, suggesting that the coral host was the first to respond to metal contamination. Such decrease in DMSP concentrations could influence the long-term health of corals under zinc exposure.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Distribution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Qinhuangdao coastal wetland, China 全文
2018
Lin, Faxiang | Han, Bin | Ding, Yu | Li, Qian | Gao, Wei | Zheng, Li
Sixteen USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-three samples were collected from the surface sediments of Qinhuangdao coastal wetlands in this survey. This research aimed to identify the PAHs contamination level, composition pattern, pollution sources, and assess the ecological risk of PAHs. The results showed that the sum of PAH concentrations ranged from 341.61ng/g to 4703.80ng/g (mean: 1367.80ng/g), which is higher than the reported values for different wetlands worldwide. Five- and four-ring PAHs (34.08% and 32.97% of Ʃ16PAHs, severally) were predominant in the wetland sediment. The PAH source distribution in the surface sediments was determined using diagnostic ratio and PCA/MLR. Consequently, multiple PAH sources were found. Of the total PAHs, 70.01% was derived from vehicular emission, 25.73% from coke oven, and 4.26% from petroleum-based product spills. The effect range low/effect range median (ERL/ERM) values indicated a low toxicity risk level. However, the DBahA concentrations exceeded the ERL level, and even the ERM level, in some stations. The mean effects range–median quotient (M-ERM-Q) suggests a low ecological risk for the PAHs, but a medium risk for some stations in the coastal wetland sediments.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystem health: A comparative multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments in coastal waters 全文
2018
Filipkowska, Anna | Lubecki, Ludwik | Szymczak-Żyła, Małgorzata | Ciesielski, Tomasz M. | Jenssen, Bjørn M. | Ardelan, Murat V. | Mazur-Marzec, Hanna | Breedveld, Gijs D. | Oen, Amy M.P. | Zamojska, Anna | Kowalewska, Grażyna
Anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystem health: A comparative multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments in coastal waters 全文
2018
Filipkowska, Anna | Lubecki, Ludwik | Szymczak-Żyła, Małgorzata | Ciesielski, Tomasz M. | Jenssen, Bjørn M. | Ardelan, Murat V. | Mazur-Marzec, Hanna | Breedveld, Gijs D. | Oen, Amy M.P. | Zamojska, Anna | Kowalewska, Grażyna
Hazardous substances entering the sea, and ultimately deposited in bottom sediments, pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems. The present study characterized two coastal areas exposed to significant anthropogenic impact - Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland), and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) - by conducting a multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments, and comparing the results in light of different available thresholds for selected contaminants. Sediment samples were analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols (NPs), organotin compounds (OTs), toxic metals (Cd, Hg, Pb), as well as mutagenic, genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activities (in CALUX bioassays). In general, a declining trend in the deposition of contaminants was observed. Sediments from both basins were not highly contaminated with PAHs, NPs and metals, while OT levels may still give rise to concern in the Norwegian fjords. The results suggest that the contamination of sediments depends also on water/sediment conditions in a given region.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystem health: A comparative multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments in coastal waters 全文
2018
Filipkowska, Anna | Lubecki, Ludwik | Szymczak-Żyła, Małgorzata | Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej | Jenssen, Bjørn Munro | Ardelan, Murat Van | Mazur-Marzec, Hanna | Breedveld, Gijs D. | Oen, Amy M P | Zamojska, Anna | Kowalewska, Grażyna
Hazardous substances entering the sea, and ultimately deposited in bottom sediments, pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems. The present study characterized two coastal areas exposed to significant anthropogenic impact - Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland), and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) - by conducting a multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments, and comparing the results in light of different available thresholds for selected contaminants. Sediment samples were analyzed for benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenols (NPs), organotin compounds (OTs), toxic metals (Cd, Hg, Pb), as well as mutagenic, genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activities (in CALUX bioassays). In general, a declining trend in the deposition of contaminants was observed. Sediments from both basins were not highly contaminated with PAHs, NPs and metals, while OT levels may still give rise to concern in the Norwegian fjords. The results suggest that the contamination of sediments depends also on water/sediment conditions in a given region. | Anthropogenic impact on marine ecosystem health: A comparative multi-proxy investigation of recent sediments in coastal waters
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Type and quantity of coastal debris pollution in Taiwan: A 12-year nationwide assessment using citizen science data 全文
2018
Walther, Bruno A. | Kunz, Alexander | Hu, Chieh-Shen
Man-made coastal debris pollution is a growing concern for Taiwan. In 2004, Taiwanese environmental organizations led by the “Society of Wilderness” began gathering data on 19 categories of debris items collected during cleanup events. We present our analysis of the resulting 12-year dataset collated from 541 events held between October 2004 and December 2016. In total, 904,302 items weighing 131,358.3 kg were collected, and 63.6% and 27.2% of items were made of either plastic or plastic mixed with other materials, respectively. The five most commonly recorded debris categories were plastic shopping bags, plastic bottle caps, disposable tablewares, fishing equipment, and plastic drinking straws. We estimated that during the 12-year period on average between 3.7 and 7.9 million items weighing 560–1110 metric tons polluted Taiwan's coastline. We offer recommendations for improving the quality of data collected during Taiwan's cleanup events and report some policy changes due partly to previous reports of this dataset.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Can pelagic ciliates indicate vertical variation in the water quality status of western Arctic pelagic ecosystems? 全文
2018
Xu, Guangjian | Yang, EunJin | Jiang, Yong | Cho, Kyung-Ho | Jung, Jinyoung | Lee, Youngju | Kang, Sung-Ho
The vertical pattern of pelagic ciliate communities was observed at eight layers in the Chukchi Sea and the northern Bering Sea of the western Arctic Ocean during the summer sea-ice reduction period (August 5 to August 24, 2016). A total of 44 ciliate species were identified, with seven species dominated the communities in the water column. Multivariate and univariate analyses demonstrated that: (1) community structures of ciliates vary significantly among eight water depths; (2) variations in the vertical distribution of ciliates were significantly correlated with changes in physicochemical variables, especially the ammonia; (3) the distributions of the three dominant species were significantly and positively related to the chlorophyll a and ammonia concentrations; and (4) species richness and abundance were significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of ammonia and chlorophyll a. These results suggest that pelagic ciliates may reflect vertical variations in the water quality status of western Arctic ecosystems.
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