细化搜索
结果 311-320 的 321
Voluntary incentives for reducing agricultural nonpoint source water pollution
1995
Feather, Peter M (Peter Milton) | Cooper, Joseph
Pollution control guide for milking center wastewater management
1995
Springman, Roger | Payer, David C. | Holmes, Brian J.
A positive model of growth and pollution controls
1995
Jones, Larry E. | Manuelli, Rodolfo E.
The most recent addition to the economics of gloom concerns the interplay between income and environmental degradation. The main question raised is whether or not continued environmental degradation is a necessary part of the process of industrialization. Will pollution continue to increase without bound as more and more countries pass through the development phase or will it be controlled? Intuitively, if 'clean air' is a normal good, we would expect that societies might be 'self-regulating' in the sense that as income increases, pollution controls also increase. However, this intuition is somewhat misleading as the presence of external effects is an essential feature of environmental regulation. This paper describes a growth model in which pollutants are internal to a jurisdiction. To this end we develop a model of the joint determination of the rate of development of the economy through market interactions and the extent of pollution regulation through collective decision making. We show that depending on the collective decision making mechanism in place, the time path of pollution can display an inverted U shape, a 'sideways mirrored' S, or an increasing (but bounded) level over time. This paper contributes to the literature on both the large differences in income per capita across countries as well as the discrepancies in their growth rates. It shows that by relying on collective decision making mechanisms to choose policies, the dynamics of convex models can resemble those usually ascribed to models of multiple equilibria.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Pollution abatement costs, regulation, and plant-level productivity
1995
Gray, Wayne B. (Wayne Burger) | Shadbegian, Ronald J.
We analyze the connection between productivity, pollution abatement expenditures, and other measures of environmental regulation for plants in three industries (paper, oil, and steel). We examine data from 1979 to 1990, considering both total factor productivity levels and growth rates. Plants with higher abatement cost levels have significantly lower productivity levels. The magnitude of the impact is somewhat larger than expected: $1 greater abatement costs appears to be associated with the equivalent of $1.74 in lower productivity for paper mills, $1.35 for oil refineries, and $3.28 for steel mills. However, these results apply only to variation across plants in productivity levels. Estimates looking at productivity variation within plants over time, or estimates using productivity growth rates show a smaller (and insignificant) relationship between abatement costs and productivity. Other measures of environmental regulation faced by the plants (compliance status, enforcement activity, and emissions) are not significantly related to productivity.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Report. IMO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection. Sess. 25
1995
Basin sub-basin inventory of water pollution Cauvery Basin | Cauvery Basin
1995
Basin sub-basin inventory of water pollution Godavari Basin
1995
Wisconsin's forestry best management practices for water quality | Best management practices for water quality | Field manual for loggers, landowners and land managers
1995
Holaday, Steve
Statewide screening of groundwater nitrate pollution potential from agricultural lands in Pennsylvania
1995
Hamlett, James M.