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Carbon and nitrogen in soil and vegetation at sites differing in successional age
1999
Kovel, C.G.F. de | Mierlo, J.E.M. van | Wilms, Y.J.O. | Berendse, F.
The impact of GHG emission reduction on the Western European Materials System
1999
Gielen, D.J. (ECN-Policy Studies, Petten (Netherlands).)
Material efficiency improvement for European packaging in the period 2000-2020
1999
Hekkert, M. (Utrecht Univ. (Netherlands). Dept. of Science, Technology and Society) | Joosten, L. | Worrell, E.
Assessing effects of climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants
1999
Alkemade, J.R.M. | Bakkenes, M. | Ihle, F. | Latour, J.B. | Leemans, R.
Assessing impacts of climate change on macroscale ecosystem distribution in Europe
1999
Ihle, F. | Bakkenes, M. | Alkemade, J.R.M.
Energy use reduction potential of passenger transport in Europe and consequences for CO(2) emission
1999
Bouwman, M.E. (Groningen Univ. (Netherlands). Center for Energy and Environmental Studies) | Moll, H.C.
Building materials and CO(2) analysis of Western European emission reduction potentials
1999
Gielen, D.J. (ECN-Policy Studies, Petten (Netherlands).)
AEROSOL: cycle and influence on the radiation balance measurement and modelling of the reduction of radiation by aerosol (MEMORA)
1999
Brink, H.M. ten | Dorland, R. van | Lelieveld, J. | Swart, D.P.J.
Assessment and control of nonpoint source pollution of aquatic ecosystems
1999
Thornton, J. A. (Jeffrey A)
"Why is nonpoint source pollution a problem? What topics are most important to the policy-maker? What are the characteristics of nonpoint source pollution? What factors affect its extent? What human activities and land uses are involved?" "These are among the questions addressed by a multi-national team of authors in this book. The aim is to review existing knowledge and experience regarding the assessment and control of nonpoint source pollution, and bring this knowledge together in a form that is useful for both scientific and management purposes. The book is not meant to be an extensive technical treatise, but rather to provide sufficient information to allow interested persons to acquire a broad, general knowledge of the assessment, causes and control of nonpoint source pollution."--Jacket.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Reducing phosphorus pollution in the Minnesota River 全文
1999
Mathews, Leah Greden | Homans, Frances Reed | Easter, K. William
Reducing phosphorus pollution in the Minnesota River 全文
1999
Mathews, Leah Greden | Homans, Frances Reed | Easter, K. William
REDUCING PHOSPHORUS POLLUTION IN THE MINNESOTA RIVER: HOW MUCH IS IT WORTH? 全文
1999
Mathews, Leah Greden | Homans, Frances R. | Easter, K. William
A mail survey was conducted in Minnesota in 1997 to estimate the value of reducing phosphorus levels in the Minnesota River by 40%. The general population survey of river basin residents was designed to gather information about respondents' use of the Minnesota River in addition to their valuation of a hypothetical water quality improvement program. An estimate of the value of a specific recreational site along the River, the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, was also obtained. Three distinct models were estimated in this research. The first was a contingent valuation model estimating the willingness to pay (WTP) for water quality improvements in the Minnesota River using only stated preference data. There were two different payment vehicles used in this question, an increase in the state income tax and a water bill surcharge. Respondents' annual mean willingness to pay for a 40% reduction in phosphorus was estimated to be $14.07 using this model and the tax vehicle, while the mean willingness to pay via the water bill surcharge was estimated to be $19.64 annually. The second model utilized stated preference data from respondents along with responses about their actual visit behavior. A panel model was constructed using the responses to three separate questions concerning the value of a 40% reduction in phosphorus pollution and yielded an estimate of $38.88 per year. The final model used only data from the subset of respondents who had actually visited the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge. The recreational value of a typical trip to the Refuge was estimated to be $28.71 per individual.
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