Water quality observation is an important task which must performed at every water reservoir, especially at those whose water is used for water supply. In the purpose of easier and faster entering to storied data, for all potential users, and in the purpose of performing faster verification and handling data, two models are designed: 1) data base and 2) information system for dam observation and water quality management. These two models are parts of the Information System of Serbia for Water Resources Management, who is in development. Methodological bases of those two systems are presented in the paper.

International audience | The organic micro-pollutants recently studied in the lake Leman waters and ecosystem are non-polar volatil substances and organochlorines like PCBs and DDT. The main volatil substances found are tetra- and trichloroethylene and 1,4 - dichlorobenzene. Concentration of this substances seems not ta be alarming. Pollution by DDT and its derivatives is decreasing, but the PCBs concentrations of coastal sediments and fishes can ta be considered as high and risk to produce a long-term contamination of the lake ecosystem. Eco-toxicological problems like a diminution of reproductive potential of the chars ("Salvelinus alpinus") would be related with the presence of organochlorine residues.

International audience | Tillandsia species are plants from the Bromeliaceae family which display biomonitoring capacities in both active and passive modes. The bioaccumulation potential of Tillandsia aeranthos (Loisiel.) Desf. and Tillandsia bergeri Mez acclimated to Southern/Mediterranean Europe has never been studied. More generally, few studies have detailed the maximum accumulation potential of Tillandsia leaves through controlled experiments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the maximum accumulation values of seven metals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Pt, and Zn) in T. aeranthos and T. bergeri leaves. Plants were immersed in different mono elemental metallic solutions of Co (II), Cu (II), Mn (II), Ni (II), Pb (II), Pt (IV), and Zn (II) ions at different concentrations. In addition, cocktail solutions of these seven metals at different concentrations were prepared to study the main differences and the potential selectivity between metals. After exposure, the content of these metals in the leaves were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Data sets were evaluated by a fitted regression hyperbola model and principal component analysis, maximum metal loading capacity, and thermodynamic affinity constant were determined. The results showed important differences between the two species, with T. bergeri demonstrating higher capacity and affinity for metals than T. aeranthos. Furthermore, between the seven metals, Pb and Ni showed higher enrichment factors (EF). T. bergeri might be a better bioaccumulator than T. aeranthos with marked selectivity for Pb and Ni, metals of concern in air quality biomonitoring.

International audience | A mechanistic hydraulic model was developed to represent water flows in a treatment wetland for the treatment of road runoff. Because of the design of the treatment wetland (98 m long, a single feed point opposite the outlet point, a drainage network limiting the uniform distribution of water flows), the mechanistic model results in a calculation code representative of the complexity of the system but costly in terms of calculation time. As the aim of the Life ADSORB project is to simulate the behavior of the filter over the long term, it is not possible to use the mechanistic model alone. It was therefore decided to use a surrogate model: spatial exploration of the mechanistic model variables (input conditions, initial conditions and hypermarameters) and then fitting a regression model to the model outputs. The surrogate model thus established can be used to assess the filter's behavior over the long term.

International audience | While long-term organic fertilizer (OF) applications tend to decrease copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) availability in agricultural soils, earthworm bioturbation has been reported to have the opposite effect. Thus, the consequences of OF amendments in earthworm-inhabited soils on Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms are still under debate. Here, we assessed the effect of a decade of agronomically realistic OF applications on Cu and Zn availability in earthworm-inhabited soils and the consequences on Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms. An epi-endogeic species (Dichogaster saliens) was exposed in microcosms to three field-collected soils that had received either no, mineral, or organic fertilization for a decade. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties (i.e., concentration, aromaticity, and binding properties toward Cu), pH, and Cu and Zn availability (i.e., total concentration and free ionic activity) were determined in the solution of the soil containing earthworms. Cu and Zn bioavailability was assessed by measuring the net accumulation (ng) and concentration of Cu and Zn in earthworms (mg kg(-1)). Despite soil Cu and Zn contamination induced by a decade of OF applications, organic fertilization induced an increase in soil pH and DOM properties that drove the reduction of Cu and Zn availability in earthworm-inhabited soils, while bioturbation had little effect on soil pH, DOM properties, and Cu and Zn availability. Consistently, Cu and Zn bioavailability to earthworms did not increase with OF applications. From an ecotoxicological perspective, our results suggest that agronomically realistic applications of OF for a decade should not pose a risk to earthworms in terms of Cu and Zn net accumulation, but further studies have to be undertaken to understand consequent long-term toxicity after exposure.

International audience | Biocides are added to or applied on building materials to prevent microorganisms from growing on their surface or to treat them. They are leached into building runoff and contribute to diffuse contamination of receiving waters. This review aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of biocides from buildings on the aquatic environment. The objectives were (i) to assess the key parameters influencing the leaching of biocides and to quantify their emission from buildings; (ii) to determine the different pathways from urban sources into receiving waters; and (iii) to assess the associated environmental risk. Based on consumption data and leaching studies, a list of substances to monitor in receiving water was established. Literature review of their concentrations in the urban water cycle showed evidences of contamination and risk for aquatic life, which should put them into consideration for inclusion to European or international monitoring programs. However, some biocide concentration data in urban and receiving waters is still missing to fully assess their environmental risk, especially for isothiazolinones, iodopropynyl carbamate, zinc pyrithione and quaternary ammonium compounds, and little is known about their transformation products. Although some models supported by actual data were developed to extrapolate emissions on larger scales (watershed or city scales), they are not sufficient to prioritize the pathways of biocides from urban sources into receiving waters during both dry and wet weathers. Our review highlights the need to reduce emissions and limit their transfer into rivers, and reports several solutions to address these issues.

[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]INSPIRE | International audience | In typical life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) studies of urban wastewater systems (UWS), average conditions are modelled but there are many annual flooding events with releases of raw sewage. Such peak conditions are not considered and present a high temporal variability which is not currently accounted for. In addition, the aggregation of the loads from several storm events could bring an issue for the impact assessment on the aquatic categories of eutrophication and ecotoxicity. Hence we are investigating the contributions of these wet weather-induced discharges along with the inclusion of temporal variability in the life cycle inventory (LCI) for UWS.

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems is considered as one of the main threats to global freshwater biodiversity. Within the European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) a particular attention is dedicated to assess ecological risks of surface water contamination and mitigation of chemical pressures on aquatic ecosystems. In this work, we evaluated ecological risks of surface water contamination for fish populations in four EU-WFD rivers through an integrative approach investigating three Lines of Evidence (chemical contamination, biomarker responses as early warning signals of contamination impacting individuals and ecological analyses as an indicator of fish community disturbances). This work illustrates through 4 case studies the complementary role of biomarkers, chemical and ecological analyses which, used in combination, provide fundamental information to understand impacts of chemical pressures that can affect fish population dynamics. We discuss the limitations of this approach and future improvements needed within the EU-WFD to assess ecological risk of river contamination for fish populations.