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Physiological ozone responses of birch (Betula pendula Roth) differ between soil-growing trees in a multi-year exposure and potted saplings in a single-season exposure
2002
Oksanen, E. (University of Kuopio, Kuopio (Finland). Department of Ecology and Environemntal Science)
Increased ozone sensitivity of larger soil-growing trees with growth in the multi-year exposure was a result of several interactive senescence-related physiological factors: lower net photosynthesis to stomatal conductance ratio at the end of the growing season promoted high ozone uptake and low photosynthetic carbon gain, leading to onset of visible injuries and impaired bud formation. This was expected to affect negatively the early growth of the next year foliage, This clone showed a major change in allocation pattern during the early ontogeny at the expense of foliage growth towards the stem height increase
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Diameter and diameter increment values of beech trees grown on permanent research plots with various stand densities, in the submountain vegetation tier
2002
Vosko, M. | (Forest Research Institute, Zvolen (Slovak Republic)) | Jezik, M. (Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen (Slovak Republic))
The attention was focused on the diameter increment of beech timber forest growing on the partial plots with various stand density. The individual parts of the originally homogenous stand, were subjected to regeneration cutting of various intensity resulting in several partial plots. On the different partial plots we found different proportions of trees belonging to the individual diameter classes. We also found that the differences between the individual plots were statistically very significant. Beech is a tree species which is capable to continue creating considerable light increments even long after the stand opening
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Natural regeneration of Norway spruce ecosystems in the Krkonose mountains: conditions and constraints
2002
Cudlin, P. | (Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice (Czech Republic). Institute of Landscape Ecology) | Chmelikova, E. | Falta, V. | Gronsky, R. | Sera, B. | Polak, T.
Results on germination, growth and mortality of Norway spruce seedlings during period 1994-2000 in various types of soil cover were summarized and evaluated. The years 1992 and 1995 were recorded as high seed production years, while the year 2000 is considered as the low seed production year. In 1999 natural seedlings from various soil covers were examined for lateral root and root tip development. The results of germination and surviving of Norway spruce seedlings are discussed in relationship with the stage of the decline of Norway spruce ecosystems
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Soil microorganisms suppressed by emissions of a magnesite plant in the Slovak Republic
2002
Kautz, G. (University of Cologne, Cologne (Germany). Institute of Zoology) | Zimmer, M. | Zach, P.: Kulfan, J. | Topp, W. | Zelinkova, D.
Soil microorganisms are important for plant growth and beneficial for the nutrition and the development of a variety of soil animals. Together with soil invertebrates they also improve nutrients availability in soils. Although not frequent in Europe , magnesite emissions can affect the nutritional status of the vegetation and the survival of soil microorganisms as well as other biota locally, and thus may be crucially responsible for the quality of the entire biotic system. The observed gradients of soil microbial characteristics reflect the physico-chemical properties of soils around the magnesite plant and may be used to predict transitory changes during amelioration
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on silver birch rhizosphere and leaf litter decomposition
2002
Kasurinen, A. (University of Kuopio, Kuopio (Finland). Department of Ecology and Environmental Science) | Vapaavuori, E. | Holopainen, J. K. | Holopainen, T.
There is still limited amount of information about the long-term and interactive effects of increased CO2 and O3 levels on larger forest trees growing under natural or semi-natural conditions. Elevated CO2 and O3 might affect the quality and quantity of leaf litter produced and thus change litter decomposition rates and nutrient cycling in the forest ecosystems severely. In this long-term field experiment we studied the effects of realistically increased CO2 and O3 levels on fine root and mycorrhiza growth in ozone-tolerant and ozone-sensitive silver birch clones by root ingrowth core method. We measured rhizosphere soil CO2 efflux plus assessed the total fungal biomass of fine roots and soil by ergosterol analysis
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Quality assurance (QA) procedures in the Italian network for forest health monitoring; a six-years experience
2002
Cozzi, A. (Linnaea-ambiente, Firenze (Italy)) | Bussotti, F. | Ferretti, M.
The results indicate that it is possible to reach a good level of reproducibility in a relatively short time. However, quality assurance procedures allow to know the real status of reliability of the field data. More attention must be given to the Level II indices, to select the really useful and informative ones, and to concentrate on these the didactic efforts
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Throughfall and canopy interactions in five different tree species in Denmark
2002
Hansen, K. | Bastrup-Birk, A. | Hovmand, M.F. (Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, Hoersholm (Denmark))
Acidification of forest soils is dependent on the tree species for several reasons. One reason is that the deposition to deciduous tree species normally is considered lower than to coniferous tree species. This study therefore considers the differences in deposition to different tree species in Denmark. Canopy throughfall and precipitation were collected during the period 1986 to 1999 at three trial species experimental sites in Denmark. At each site the species Norway spruce, sitka spruce, Douglas fir, beech and oak were studied. The paper presents and discusses the differences in canopy exchange processes and dry deposition in different tree species and at different locations
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Dynamics of forest sites after liming
2002
Kunes, I. | Ulbrichova, I. (Czech University of Agriculture, Prague (Czech Republic). Faculty of Forestry)
The contribution summarizes outputs of annual measurements that were made in the eleven-year long period of observation (1991-2001). In this case, the liming had markedly positive effect on prosperity of spruce plantation up to now. The limed variants "surface" and "planting pit" show lower values of the total mortality than the control variant. Furthemore, the mean value of the periodic annual increment of the trees of the control variant is clearly lower than the mean values of the variant "surface" and the variant "planting pit". According to soil analyses the above described forms of liming do not seem to induce any serious negative changes within soil in this case
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Long-term effects of air pollution on spruce forests in the Tatra Mts. - ozone and vegetation studies
2002
Godzik, B. (Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland). Institute of Botany) | Fleischer, P. | Grodzinska, K.
Wet-deposited - sulphur and nitrogen pollutants and ambient ozone are important anthropogenic factors affecting forest health. Regular assessment of chemistry of throughfall and precipitation water based on two-week sampling started in 1997. Passive samplers for detection of ozone concentration have been exposed on a network of monitoring stations during vegetation periods since 1998. In addition, in selected locations, UV absorption monitors for continuous O3 measurements were installed in 1999
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Unaccounted spatial variability may bias site-related estimates of ozone-like foliar symptoms
2002
Maccherini, S. (Universita di Siena, Siena (Italy). Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali) | Betti, G. | Cozzi, A. | Ferretti, M. | Grohmann, F. | Savini, P.
The assessment of O3-like foliar symptoms is increasingly considered in monitoring programs aimed at evaluating air pollution effects on forests. The results showed considerable spatial and temporal variation of O3-like foliar symptoms: year, subplot adn the interaction between year and plot were found significant factors. Symptoms resulted lower in 2001; there were differences of foliar symptoms between different subplot and overall the variation between years are considerably different according to the plot being considered. These findings suggest that O3-like foliar symptoms recorded on a small plot selected without a formal statistical approach and with no consideration of the apparently high variability of symptoms expression risk to introduce a serious bias in the evaluation of the potential ozone impact at a given site and its trend
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