Antibiotic removal poses a serious risk to the environment due to its intricate structure. Consequently, scientists are developing new and efficient techniques to remove antibiotic compounds from wastewater. The goal of this study is to employ green Pithophora macroalgae to remove the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) from a water-based solution. With a focus on understanding the process, this study assesses the application of reacting AMX biosorption on the biomass of Pithophora algae in aqueous solutions using thermodynamic modeling. The determined thermodynamic characteristics show that an endothermic process is used in the biosorption of the antibiotic AMX, considering that AMX has a positive electrical charge of ΔHº at 49.796 KJ.moL-1. As ΔGº has a positive charge (2.982 kJ.moL-1, 3.718 kJ.moL-1, and 4.793 kJ.moL-1) for AMX at (298 K, 303 K, and 308 K, respectively. This positive result indicates that the reaction is not feasible or spontaneous. The decrease in chaos at the liquid/solid interface caused by AMX biosorption on Pithophora macro algae is reflected in the negative charge of ΔSº, which was -176.735 kJ.moL-1. The effect of temperature on the biosorption of AMX was investigated for different initial AMX concentrations. At a lower temperature of 298 K, the AMX molecules were more likely to diffuse into the internal pores of the Pithophora algae. This suggests that the diffusion rate of the adsorbate (AMX) across the bulk and pore boundaries of the biosorbent particles may be increased at lower temperatures. The findings of this study indicate that the biomass of the macroalgae Pithophora is a valuable biosorbent for the biosorption of AMX antibiotics, and it may have potential applications in the treatment of wastewater.

The present comprehensive study seeks to evaluate the institutional climate capacity of Community-based Organizations (CBOs) involved in coastal ecotourism conservation projects along the Maharashtra coastal region in India. The primary objective is to understand the community interactions, organizational structures, and adaptive capacities of CBOs in the face of climate change, utilizing an integrated approach through participative and stakeholder interaction. The research methodology employed through the integrated investigated assessment, which includes- focused group discussions (n=06) and a survey of key informants’ interviews and community participants (n=143), additionally were added to this set of data combined for a total of 204 respondents, to comprehensively evaluate the institutional climate capacity of the CSOs engaged in coastal ecotourism projects. The findings identify key dimensions influencing CBO-led conservation projects, emphasizing the importance of different actors’ interplay and processes reflected through the communities. Notable strengths include effective communication, inclusive planning, and budgetary processes contributing to climate action orientation, emphasizing strengths in communication, inclusive planning, and budgetary processes. Socially excluded groups actively participate, underscoring the significance of their involvement for project success. Integrating socio-cultural factors into climate change planning is highlighted, emphasizing the need for quantitative research in this area. These identified key dimensions influence the CSO’s institutional climate capacities.

The quantity of contaminants being released into rivers is rising in direct correlation with the growth of the human population. Bedog River is a tributary located in the vicinity of Mount Merapi. This river flows through agricultural, residential, and cattle sectors, making it easier to detect river contamination. The objective of this study is to evaluate the water quality of the Bedog River. The research employs a methodology that evaluates water quality by considering biological indicators, specifically the existence of dragonfly species, with the analysis of other chemical and physical properties in river water. The water quality research findings indicate that the physical and chemical characteristics remain satisfactory, with the water falling into the moderately polluted category. It also meets the water quality criteria outlined in PPRI No. 82 of 2001, specifically the class 2 threshold. A total of 23 Odonata species were identified. The upstream section, as indicated by the presence of Neurobasis chinensis florida and Heliocypha fenestrata, which are endemic, along with Macrogomphus parallelogramma, which is rare, is considered an optimal habitat capable of supporting sensitive dragonfly species. The dragonfly variety index in the Bedog River is relatively high, with values of 2.08, 2.79, and 1.47 for the upstream, middle, and downstream sections, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicates a strong positive correlation of 0.961, while the significance level of 0.179 suggests a statistically meaningful association. The findings highlight the potential of using dragonflies as bioindicators for long-term monitoring of river health and pollution levels. This study contributes to the understanding of how water quality impacts biodiversity and provides a basis for future research and river management practices. This research fills a gap by integrating biological indicators with traditional water quality assessments in a specific regional context. It provides new insights into the relationship between water quality and dragonfly diversity, offering valuable information for environmental monitoring and conservation efforts.

Plant stresses are the conditions that adversely affect the growth, development, or productivity of plants/trees and can be caused by various physical, chemical, and biological factors. On the other hand, stress brought on by heavy metal exposure significantly impairs plant development and output. These heavy metal contaminations are responsible for the harmful effects on biotic (plants and associated organisms) and the abiotic (soil, water, and air) environment. Mining operations are thought to be the main cause of heavy metal pollution in the environment if they are not adequately controlled. Phytoremediation provides an efficient, carbon-neutral, and environmentally friendly way to remove dangerous heavy metal contamination from various settings. It can efficiently treat a broad spectrum of heavy metal contaminants. Phytoremediation enhances the development and growth of plants and nourishes the environment, resulting in the ill effects of climate extremes in disturbed areas and hence mitigating the impacts of climate change. Although phytoremediation has been extensively researched for the treatment of heavy metal stress in India’s degraded ecosystems, where it is most needed, it has not yet reached economic viability. Through this article, we tried to minimize this gap by reviewing some important phytoremediation studies in India that successfully reduced the negative impacts of heavy metals in different degraded ecosystems. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) review principles were used to outline the selected studies giving a knowledge that most of the phytoremediation works in India have been performed on Shrubs (28.40%) closely followed by Tree species (26.28%) then in Herbs (17.65%), Grasses (17.25%) and Aquatic Plants (10.43%). Also, the trend has seen a spike after 2018 with most phytoremediation studies in the states of West Bengal. The studies reviewed in this article show us a pathway for implementing and managing remediation methods to reduce the heavy metal stress exerted on plants and enhance the metabolic and physiochemical processes of the plant.

The present field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching and weed control methods on the nutrient and weed dynamics of Kharif Sorghum. The research was conducted in the Agronomy farm of Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Punjab, during the summer of 2023. The experiment utilized a randomized block design with three replications. A total of six treatments were used, each with different amounts of treatment applied to assess the effects on the growth, yield, and weed characteristics of sorghum. The growth metrics, including plant height, leaf count, stem circumference, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content, saw significant improvement as a result of the amplified influence of mulching and weed management. Treatment T1, which excluded weeds, yielded the greatest plant height (134.69 cm), number of leaves (8.73), stem girth (10.14 cm) at harvest, leaf area index (7.78), and chlorophyll content (53.74) at 90 days after sowing (DAS). The T1 treatment, which was free of weeds, had the most favorable production characteristics. The grain yield was recorded at 2.15 t.ha-1, the straw yield at 4.59 t.ha-1, and the harvest index at 22.54%. The highest protein concentration was observed as 10.84% in T1 (Weed free) and 10.73% in T2 (Sugarcane trash). In addition, the characteristics of the weed, including the number of weeds, the effectiveness of weed management, and the weight of the weeds, were shown to be highest in dicots at 120 days after sowing (DAS). Treatment T1, which involved the complete removal of weeds, exhibited no weed population and achieved the maximum level of weed control effectiveness and dry weight. The study’s findings indicated that the use of T1 (Weed-free) treatment had a substantial influence on different growth, yield, and weed characteristics. Effective management of essential inputs, such as cultivation, fertilizers, and weed management, is vital for improving overall productivity and stability

Birds can be impacted by pollution but are seldom used as bioindicators. One exception involves the Dippers Cinclus spp., a genus of five passerines adapted uniquely to swim and dive in rivers on five continents to feed on aquatic invertebrates and small fishes. Here, we review the effectiveness of Dippers as pollution indicators while identifying further opportunities, caveats and uncertainties that are transferable to other indicator organisms. Dippers have been used as biodindicators i) through relationships linking their distribution, breeding performance and behaviour to river pollution through effects on prey quality and quantity; ii) where contaminants occur in their eggs, tissues, faeces or regurgitates, notably metals (Hg, Se), persistent pollutants (e.g. PCBs, PBDEs, DDE, HEOD) and microplastics. Most data are from C. cinclus in Europe and C. mexicanus in North America. While some pollution effects on Dipper distribution or fitness are well-evidenced, particularly acidification, the resulting impairments are not sufficient to diagnose the source of impact without additional data on water quality or prey abundance. Dippers in these cases provide a general rather than definitive indication of pollution. For contaminants, Dippers have revealed the distribution of specific pollutants at scales ranging from point-sources and regions to different continents. Influences of land use, trophic pathways, diet-shifts, contaminant transport, intergenerational transfer and trends through time have all been identified and supported by detailed knowledge of prey use, territoriality, dispersal, migration, life history, isotopic signatures and energetics. We suggest opportunities to expand the role of Dippers as bioindicators into other locations (Asia and South America), other influences on water quality (e.g. agriculture, wastewater), other contaminants (e.g. PFAs, pharmaceuticals) and through developments in modern biology such as 'omics. Initial data also show that Dippers could integrate the effects on rivers of habitat modification, flow modification and climate change by indicating effects both directly and through interactions with other multiple stressors. This group of birds illustrates how fundamental ecological information aids the development of bioindicators but reveals the importance of using complementary environmental data when diagnosing bioindicator response. We suggest these are important lessons for ecological indicators more generally.

Study region A reach of the Nile River located between Naga Hammadi barrage and Asyut barrage, Egypt Study focus An accurate representation of hydrodynamics of an important water source helps cope with expected future climate changes, pollution incidents and water quality problems. Here, a comparison between HEC-RAS 1D and TELEMAC-2D model was conducted by identifying different Manning coefficients. Moreover, an automatic calibration using Dual-Annealing optimization method was applied for first time to calibrate the model with non-uniform Manning coefficients. The transport of tracer (pollution) was simulated by computing tracer residence times. Pollution transport scenarios were discussed to draw a picture of pollution incidents which will continue to happen in the future. An equation indicating the relation between flow discharge and residence time was derived to hurriedly help decision makers in water management during sudden pollution incidents. New hydrological insights for the region A model with spatially variable Manning coefficients using TELEMAC-2D was set up and calibrated achieving good accuracyies with average errors of approximately 4 cm and 7 cm between field and simulated water levels for two different discharge scenarios. Moreover, an equation for relation between flow discharge and residence time was derived producing a strong correlation coefficient of 0.95. This study, integrating advanced hydrodynamic models and automatic calibration techniques, provides a robust framework for assessing and managing water resource challenges under varying flow conditions.

Air pollution is arguably the most pressing human health concern today, accounting for approximately 7–9 million premature deaths worldwide. In the United States, more than 40% of early deaths caused by air pollution are assessed to be caused by emissions produced by neighboring states. This article examines one of the governance mechanisms used by the U.S. to address this issue: section 126 of the Clean Air Act. Critical factors including case length, evidence used, and case outcome are compiled for the population of section 126 petitions submitted from 2000–2022. This evidence is assessed using comparative case analysis. The findings reinforce two issues with the petition process already identified in the literature–the use of cost as a proxy for significance and the excessive and unclear burden of proof placed on downwind states–adding texture to the latter issue by examining the modeling techniques used by downwind states. This analysis identifies lengthy response timelines as an additional issue and calls to attention the infrequency with which the EPA has formally accepted petitions. Collectively, these issues increase the cost, complexity, and unpredictability of filing a section 126 petition.

Air pollution is arguably the most pressing human health concern today, accounting for approximately 7–9 million premature deaths worldwide. In the United States, more than 40% of early deaths caused by air pollution are assessed to be caused by emissions produced by neighboring states. This article examines one of the governance mechanisms used by the U.S. to address this issue: section 126 of the Clean Air Act. Critical factors including case length, evidence used, and case outcome are compiled for the population of section 126 petitions submitted from 2000–2022. This evidence is assessed using comparative case analysis. The findings reinforce two issues with the petition process already identified in the literature–the use of cost as a proxy for significance and the excessive and unclear burden of proof placed on downwind states–adding texture to the latter issue by examining the modeling techniques used by downwind states. This analysis identifies lengthy response timelines as an additional issue and calls to attention the infrequency with which the EPA has formally accepted petitions. Collectively, these issues increase the cost, complexity, and unpredictability of filing a section 126 petition.

Nowadays, all productive sectors, including the construction industry, are facing the challenge of reducing their environmental impact. To achieve this objective, numerous actions are being carried out to access greater levels of environmental and economic sustainability. Techniques as Life Cycle Assessment contribute to quantifying environmental impacts, promoting a circular economy in a sector that consumes a high volume of resources, materials, and energy while generating large amounts of gaseous, liquid, or solid emissions. The present study aims to deepen our understanding of aspects that demonstrate the benefits of using RA instead of natural aggregates. This study not only quantifies the environmental impact but also explores the effects of potential improvements in the productive system and their impact on reducing environmental harm. The Life Cycle Assessment methodology is applied to quantify and compare the environmental impacts generated in the production of a ton of mixed recycled aggregates (MRA) from construction and demolition wastes, based on the data provided by plant managers. This is compared to the environmental impacts generated in the production of one ton of natural aggregates extracted from a quarry. The results revealed that the production of mixed recycled aggregate is more environmentally beneficial, confirming a reduction of 70.66% in environmental impacts during the production of recycled aggregates, in comparison to the natural aggregates extraction. Furthermore, the economic analysis demonstrates the economic advantage since the cost of producing recycled aggregates is over 30% cheaper than natural aggregates, being more competitive even when the transportation distances from the plant to the work sites exceed those of natural aggregates.