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Mediterranean fouling communities assimilate the organic matter derived from coastal fish farms as a new trophic resource 全文
2015
Gonzalez-Silvera, D. | Izquierdo-Gomez, D. | Fernandez-Gonzalez, V. | Martínez-López, F.J. | López-Jiménez, J.A. | Sanchez-Jerez, P.
Mediterranean fouling communities assimilate the organic matter derived from coastal fish farms as a new trophic resource 全文
2015
Gonzalez-Silvera, D. | Izquierdo-Gomez, D. | Fernandez-Gonzalez, V. | Martínez-López, F.J. | López-Jiménez, J.A. | Sanchez-Jerez, P.
Currently, the lipid content of fish feeds includes high amounts of terrestrial vegetable oils, rich in n-6 fatty acids and poor in n-3 fatty acids. Sinking organic matter in the shape of fragmented pellets and fish faeces could be ingested by the surrounding fauna attracted to the submerged structures of aquaculture facilities or living in natural benthic habitats. Fatty acids contained in feed pellets were used as trophic markers to shed light on the assimilation and incorporation of aquaculture wastes by the invertebrate fauna associated to sea-cages. Eighteen macroinvertebrate species, and zooplankton, seaweeds and sediments were collected from two fish farms, one of which (control) had not been used as such for two years. This study demonstrates that macroinvertebrate fauna present in fouling can take up sinking organic matter from farms. Further research should be directed at assessing the potential implications of aquaculture production for the surrounding ecosystem.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Mediterranean fouling communities assimilate the organic matter derived from coastal fish farms as a new trophic resource 全文
2015
Gonzalez-Silvera, Daniel | Izquierdo-Gomez, David | Fernandez-Gonzalez, Victoria | Martínez-López, Francisco Javier | López-Jiménez, José Ángel | Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada | Biología Marina
Currently, the lipid content of fish feeds includes high amounts of terrestrial vegetable oils, rich in n-6 fatty acids and poor in n-3 fatty acids. Sinking organic matter in the shape of fragmented pellets and fish faeces could be ingested by the surrounding fauna attracted to the submerged structures of aquaculture facilities or living in natural benthic habitats. Fatty acids contained in feed pellets were used as trophic markers to shed light on the assimilation and incorporation of aquaculture wastes by the invertebrate fauna associated to sea-cages. Eighteen macroinvertebrate species, and zooplankton, seaweeds and sediments were collected from two fish farms, one of which (control) had not been used as such for two years. This study demonstrates that macroinvertebrate fauna present in fouling can take up sinking organic matter from farms. Further research should be directed at assessing the potential implications of aquaculture production for the surrounding ecosystem. | This work was funded by the project FATFISH CTM2009-14362-C02-02 and FPI predoctoral grant from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Government of Spain).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Background values for evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments in the Parnaíba River Delta estuary, NE/Brazil 全文
2015
de Paula Filho, Francisco José | Marins, Rozane Valente | Lacerda, Luiz Drude de | Aguiar, José Edvar | Peres, Tiago Farias
This study establishes regional background levels and upper thresholds (geochemical baseline) for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe from surface samples and profiles taken in 16 sedimentary environments of the Parnaíba River Delta estuary, NE–Brazil. Three approaches were applied to evaluate metal contamination: normalization to Fe, statistical analysis and sediment quality guidelines or environmental assessment criteria (TEL–PEL). Metal concentrations in sediments ranged from 2.4 to 31mgZnkg−1, 1.5 to 48mgCukg−1, 1.3 to 28mgPbkg−1, 1.5 to 38mgCrkg−1; 145 to 1,356mgMnkg−1, and 0.3% to 2.5% for Fe. All metals showed positive correlations with the <0.63μm sediment fraction, indicating a significant association with rich lithogenic sources of iron oxide–hydroxides. Results suggest a low probability of adverse effects to the local aquatic biota. The background values of the area were lower than those reported for other areas of the northeastern coast of Brazil.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sediments from Bohai Sea and northern part of the Yellow Sea, China 全文
2015
Li, Jiafu | Dong, Han | Zhang, Dahai | Han, Bin | Zhu, Chenjian | Liu, Shaopeng | Liu, Xiangmin | Ma, Qianyao | Li, Xianguo
Sources and ecological risk of sixteen priority PAHs in surface sediments from Bohai Sea (BS) and northern part of the Yellow Sea (NPYS) were investigated. The total concentrations of PAHs varied in ranges 149.24–1211.81 and 148.28–907.47ng/g for BS and NPYS, respectively. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA–MLR) suggested that coal combustion, vehicular emission and coke oven could be the primary PAH contributors, accounting for 56.6%, 29.2% and 14.2% of PAH concentrations, respectively. Analysis with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) indicated that acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene may occasionally cause adverse biological effects in some stations. Organic carbon (OC)-normalized analysis and mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) suggested that the combined ecological risk of PAHs was generally low. The toxic equivalent concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs were 12.87–64.6ng/g-BaPeq and 5.95–68.80ng/g-BaPeq in BS and NPYS, respectively, suggesting low carcinogenic risk for both BS and NPYS.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Environmental controls on the speciation and distribution of mercury in surface sediments of a tropical estuary, India 全文
2015
Chakraborty, Parthasarathi | Babu, P.V Raghunadh
Distribution and speciation of mercury (Hg) in the sediments from a tropical estuary (Godavari estuary) was influenced by the changing physico-chemical parameters of the overlying water column. The sediments from the upstream and downstream of the estuary were uncontaminated but the sediments from the middle of the estuary were contaminated by Hg. The concentrations of Hg became considerably less during the monsoon and post monsoon period. Total Hg concentrations and its speciation (at the middle of the estuary) were dependent on the salinity of the overlying water column. However, salinity had little or no effect on Hg association with organic phases in the sediments at downstream. Increasing pH of the overlying water column corresponded with an increase in the total Hg content in the sediments. Total organic carbon in the sediments played an important role in controlling Hg partitioning in the system. Uncomplexed Hg binding ligands were available in the sediments.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Intersex in the clam Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa): Widespread occurrence in English Channel estuaries and surrounding areas 全文
2015
Pope, N.D. | Childs, K. | Dang, C. | Davey, M.S. | O’Hara, S.C.M. | Langston, K. | Minier, C. | Pascoe, P.L. | Shortridge, E. | Langston, W.J.
Estuarine clams Scrobicularia plana were sampled from 108 intertidal locations around the English Channel and adjacent areas. Although S. plana is believed to be a strict gonochorist, 58% of the populations sampled included intersexed individuals (described as male clams exhibiting ovotestis). Over the entire region, on average, 8.6% of male clams exhibited intersex, although proportions of affected males ranged from 0% to 53% depending on location. The severity of intersex was assessed using a simple classification scale, with the majority of individuals showing low levels of impact. Sex ratios were significantly skewed at some sites. There were no significant relationships between incidence or severity of intersex; or with size or parasitism of individual clams. Intersex in S. plana is a useful tool to assess endocrine disruptive effects in estuaries, although mechanisms of impact and causative agents remain uncertain.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Spatial and vertical distributions of heavy metals and their potential toxicity levels in various beach sediments from high-background-radiation area, Kerala, India 全文
2015
Suresh, G. | Ramasamy, V. | Sundarrajan, M. | Paramasivam, K.
The spatial and vertical distribution of heavy metals and the sediment characteristics of beaches in Kerala, India (the upper surface sediments and the first, second and third one-foot-thick strata) were assessed in this study. The concentrations of most of the studied metals were highest at sampling site S1 (Cochin). The measured concentrations were compared with background and toxicological reference values. The results show that definite adverse biological effects are possible at most of the sampling sites due to the high Pb levels. Three different indexes were calculated to investigate the potential toxicity level. Most of the studied metals and all calculated indexes were highest in the third foot of sediment. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed and suggested that particular heavy metals, e.g., Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, may represent contamination from a common source. The Cd and Pb concentrations and all the calculated index values show a relationship with the content of organic matter. The results of the present study suggest the recommendation that a systematic analysis is needed to monitor heavy metal levels in the studied area.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Three decadal inputs of total organic carbon from four major coastal river basins to the summer hypoxic zone of the Northern Gulf of Mexico 全文
2015
He, Songjie | Xu, YJun
This study investigated long-term (1980–2009) yields and variability of total organic carbon (TOC) from four major coastal rivers in Louisiana entering the Northern Gulf of Mexico where a large-area summer hypoxic zone has been occurring since the middle 1980s. Two of these rivers drain agriculture-intensive (>40%) watersheds, while the other two rivers drain forest-pasture dominated (>50%) watersheds. The study found that these rivers discharged a total of 13.0×104t TOC annually, fluctuating from 5.9×104 to 22.8×104t. Seasonally, the rivers showed high TOC yield during the winter and early spring months, corresponding to the seasonal trend of river discharge. While river hydrology controlled TOC yields, land use has played an important role in fluxes, seasonal variations, and characteristics of TOC. The findings fill in a critical information gap of quantity and quality of organic carbon transport from coastal watersheds to one of the world’s largest summer hypoxic zones.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Debris ingestion by the Antillean Manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) 全文
2015
Attademo, Fernanda Loffler Niemeyer | Balensiefer, Deisi Cristiane | Freire, Augusto Carlos da Bôaviagem | de Sousa, Glaucia Pereira | da Cunha, Fábio Adonis Gouveia Carneiro | Luna, Fábia de Oliveira
The Antillean manatee inhabits coastal regions of North and Northeastern Brazil and currently is considered an endangered species in the country. Aiming to gather information for the development of public policies focusing on the conservation of manatees, the National Center for Research and Conservation of Aquatic Mammals of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity has been rescuing, rehabilitating and releasing these mammals since the 1980s. Over the last 36years, 40 manatees were released by the CMA/ICMBio and four of them were rescued again due to debris ingestion. Two of these manatees died and the other two were taken back into captivity for a new rehabilitation process. The four mammals had confirmed diagnosis of plastic debris ingestion. These findings demonstrate that the environment where the manatees live after being released had a significant amount of garbage which may hinder the success of the species conservation in Brazil.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Accumulation and distribution of trace metals within soils and the austral cordgrass Spartina densiflora in a Patagonian salt marsh 全文
2015
Idaszkin, Yanina L. | Lancelotti, Julio L. | Bouza, Pablo J. | Marcovecchio, Jorge E.
Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were determined in soils and in below- and above-ground structures of Spartina densiflora in a Patagonian salt marsh (San Antonio, Río Negro, Argentina). Also, the relationship between trace metal concentrations in soils and plants was investigated to improve our knowledge regarding the ability of this plant species to take up and accumulate trace metals from the soil. Our results indicate that, within the studied salt marsh, soil trace metal concentrations follow a decreasing concentration gradient toward the sea. They show moderate pollution and a potentially negative biological effect in one site of the salt marsh. While below-ground structures reflect the soil metal concentration pattern, this is not so evident in above-ground concentrations. Also, S. densiflora is able to absorb a limited amount of metals present in the soil, the soil bioaccumulation factor being lower in sites where soil metal concentration is higher.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alter the structure of oceanic and oligotrophic microbial food webs 全文
2015
Cerezo, Maria Isabel | Agusti, Susana
One way organic pollutants reach remote oceanic regions is by atmospheric transport. During the Malaspina-2010 expedition, across the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, we analyzed the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) effects on oceanic microbial food webs. We performed perturbation experiments adding PAHs to classic dilution experiments. The phytoplankton growth rates were reduced by more than 5 times, being Prochlorococcus spp. the most affected. 62% of the experiments showed a reduction in the grazing rates due to the presence of PAHs. For the remaining experiments, grazing usually increased likely due to cascading effects. We identified changes in the slope of the relation between the growth rate and the dilution fraction induced by the pollutants, moving from no grazing to V-shape, or to negative slope, indicative of grazing increase by cascade effects and alterations of the grazers' activity structure. Our perturbation experiments indicate that PAHs could influence the structure oceanic food-webs structure.
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