Kriging is a method of interpolation, which predicts unknown values from data observed at known locations. This method uses a variogram to express spatial variation, and it minimizes the error of predicted values which are estimated by spatial distribution. The objective of the current work was to investigate how the accuracy of predicted runoff average depth values ranges by applying ordinary Kriging interpolation method when parameters of the method are altered. The simulation was tested by the following method parameters on: fitted semivariogram model, lag size, neighbouring points; the number of sectors of the circle. The best results of the spatial distribution of runoff average depth were received applying the ordinary Kriging method when the exponential variogram is used, the lag size being 27 km while 6 contiguous points and the orbicular scheme divided into sectors in 45° angle are taken. Applying the Ordinary Kriging method having selected all parameters with probability p = 0.95 the model described about 74% of all investigated values.

The main objective of this research is to find out if quantitative factors describing agriculture have a statistically significant role on the parliamentary election results in Latvia. If this statistical relationship can be proven, then it is important to interpret the causality behind it. 18 agricultural indicators from the 2001 Census of Agriculture were selected to be analyzed with the 8th Saeima political party election results by using multiple linear regression analysis. These 18 parameters are different in their character, and they describe the size of farms, level of education for farmers, land usage statistics, proportion and productivity of certain crops, livestock and the usage of farm machinery. The main hypothesis of this research was that the rural civil parishes with a high intensity of agriculture have a statistically significant difference in election results when compared to the rest of the election results in Latvia. Initial results showed a strong correlation between election results and agricultural indicators, but when the ethnic factor was taken into account in the linear regression model the role of these agricultural indicators was greatly diminished.

In Lithuania, forests are managed by Lithuanian State Forest Enterprise, municipalities, ministries, etc. and private forest owners. About 50% of all forest land is State importance, privately owned forests cover 40% of forest land, and about 10% of forest land belongs to forests reserved for restitution. Forest management of private ownership force many challenges, because private forest owners are people, who have purchased or received the property after restitution, and often lacks knowledge about forest resources, its dynamics and sustainable forest management. As remote sensing is a valuable source for forest monitoring, because it provides periodic data on forest resource and condition status, these methods are gaining increased attention worldwide. In this context, more scientific efforts are made at developing remote sensing derived geo-spatial data services for sustainable forest management through a web service platform, which would integrate geo-information into daily decision making processes and operation for private forest owners. This article presents a review of privately owned forests’ statistics, questionnaire-based survey about GIS usage and demand for forest owners in Lithuania and links available sources of open geo-spatial data useful for sustainable forest management.

Recent developments in politics and economy has created additional challenges for medical institutions with lack of medical personnel, transportation from rural areas to medical institutions. Very often, there is a difference between medical services in urban and rural areas. In research is often mentioned that male and female persons have different evaluations on their health situation. The aim of the paper is to prepare research based recommendations for possible steps for public administrators to support availability of medical services in urban and rural areas. Tasks of the current research: analysis of theoretical findings reflected in scientific publications and discussion of research results, analysis of tendencies of self-perceived health status of population in Latvia, analysis on possible differences between gender as in scientific publications is often mentioned that female and male persons have different evaluations, analysis of health self-evaluations between inhabitants in rural and urban territories and possible differences in evaluations for persons with different employment status. Representative data from EUSILC, different statistical analysis methods and statistical indicators are used: indicators of descriptive statistics, crosstabulations, testing of statistical hypotheses with t-test and analysis of variance – ANOVA, chi-square test, as well as correlation analysis. Research results confirm that self-perceived health status in Latvia are higher in rural areas and higher health self-esteem evaluations were made by female persons.

Natural processes and human activity play a crucial role in altering the nitrogen cycle and increasing nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions. Nitrous oxide isotopes 15N and 18O are important parameters that can help to explain the sources of N2O gas, as well as their circulation under different soil physical properties. The main goal of the study is to analyse the possibilities of using dinitrogen isotopes 15N and 18O, measured in soil samples, for the identification of N2O sources. A total of 16 plots were sampled. Each soil sample was assigned a code. Wetting of the samples was carried out to create wet aerobic conditions and wet anaerobic conditions. N2O measurements were performed in laboratory conditions using the Picarro G5131-i device. The 15Nα and 15Nβ values obtained in the measurement data were used to calculate the δ15NSP and δ15Nbulk values. The obtained δ15NSP and δ15Nbul values were analysed using two methods – descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis test. The test showed that there are statistically significant differences between δ15NSP values (p-value <0.0001), and δ15Nbulk there was no significant difference (p-value 0.885).