The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Utility operating radius and service on city parks in Ardabil neighborhood, local, regional and urban level, to investigate the relationship between the distribution of these parks with water levels in the city of Ardabil, including Shorabil lake and Balyqlv river and reviews for distribution park. The data and information used by documentary. To analyze the data, the Thyssen polygons to measure the radius of the functional utility, network analysis to assess radius of the service or coverage of parks, and standard deviation ellipses analysis was used to examine the distribution of parks. The results indicate that the function of the radius of the park in the center of the city were favorable and neighboring areas with high water levels in the periphery of the city were unfavorable. In addition, the test also showed that the standard deviation ellipse for distribution parks in the city of Ardabil in the Northeast, Southwest and more in the direction of the river Balyqlv located. Also, investigating the per capita levels of parks in urban areas determined that, the area 2 municipality per capita is highest among municipality areas and the area 4 municipality has lowest per capita among municipalities.   Keywords

This article, with a focus on the change and transformation process of the approaches and trends affecting the new towns policy, scrutinizes the first and second generations of the new towns in reference to the South Korea as a case study. The first generation of new towns development in South Korea is associated with the rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and subsequently economic increase of this country. Lack of housing and inadequate housing supply, formation and growth of the informal settlements especially in connection with Seoul, and the subsequent centralization in the Seoul metropolitan area are the main and significant urban challenges of South Korea in this period. The second generation of new towns has been planned first with the aim of housing supply as their main function in the capital region. These cities are the result of approach that follow the qualitative, gradual and planned development in the form of small scale but multiple projects compared to the past. Decentralization of Seoul and Seoul metropolitan area, integrated regional development, and ultimately the balance of South Korea’s national territory are the key purposes of this process, in terms of spatial planning.

In the recent decades, the effect of dry climate of Iran is due to expanding desertification in this country. The countryside of Kerman has selected for this survey. For investigating of amount of deserts generation around this city after geometric and radiometric studying، the image of Landsat ETM + 2009 and aerial photos at a scale of 1: 5000, preparing of basic maps of earth and vegetation covers maps. To estimate of the severity level of desertification in Kerman, The indicator of Urban and industrial development based on IMDPA , that including density of roads and mines, amount of green space and changing to pasture and forest land. After that giving score to this parameters did upon its affect for destroying and desertification.Finally, in GIS software, with using analytic functions required based on IMDPA. Land area were classified in terms of desertification. The results show that the effects of desertification land in Kerman city can be classified to three section، critical , medium and low.

In Iran, Urban land use planning is done in format of the comprehensive and detailed plan but, even after near fifty years of development of land use plan, there are still critiques together with some revisions in legal proceedings, content and procedures. This article is a study of evaluation of urban land use planning in current decade and specifically assesses urban land use planning in Bojnord’s detailed plan with indices of Place check and Needs assessment. Results of Placecheck indicate that only 7.92 percent of proposed land uses are fulfilled, while 34.8 percent have been abandoned and 57.28 percent underwent change of land use. Therefore, it can be concluded that Placecheck of uses has played a very small role. Result of Needs assessment index also signifies that 47.61 percent of the surface areas have realized proposed use. This shows that Needs assessment has equally failed but, compared to the other index, a flexible locality of uses contributes to realization of proposed plans. In the following and in form of interviews with executers, various obstacles on the way of realization, problems like land ownership, insufficient correspondence between planners and executers, and inadequate legal surveillance and obligations were indentified.

The aim of the present study is to represent the strategies and approaches to develop the border areas of Sistan and Baluchistan Province. The research method was descriptive-analytic. Furthermore, the study was an applied research, documentary and field studies were the methods of data collection, and the research was performed in the form of questionnaire. The validity of it was reviewed and confirmed by 20 experts (experts in urban and rural planning, and land use). The model used in this research was a hybrid model of SWOT-ANP and SWOT- AHP. Thus, the capabilities and limitations of the land use of border areas were measured. In terms of development, has been made. To reach this goal, by using the technique of SWOT, the strengths and weaknesses (internal factors), and the opportunities and threats (external factors) were identified. By the use of ANP and AHP models, the external and internal factors were examined to adopt the best strategy (SO, WO, ST, and WT). The findings indicated that in the SWOT-ANP model, the SO strategy with the score weight of 0.28152, and the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.26573 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively. Moreover, in the SWOT- AHP model, the ST strategy with the score weight of 0.705, and WO strategy with the score weight of 0.601 were chosen as the most important strategy, and as the alternative strategy, respectively.

Quantifying the performance of national policies and programs in different economic, social, and environmental fields has always been a major concern of planners, politicians and researchers worldwide. According to UN statistics, more than 60% of the world population will live in urban areas by the year 2030Despite occupying only 2% of the total land area on Earth, more than half the world's population is living in cities. In this study, a systems approach was adopted to develop a composite index  in order to assess the potential of a city to become sustainable. The index is composed of 10 components containing a total number of 19 indicators. According to which, the 22 districts of Tehran City were compared in terms of sustainability of urban environment quality. The obtained results indicated that the Districts 1, 2 and 3 are in ideal sustainability conditions. These areas are among prosperous places of the city. About 59.09% of all districts were below the average. The Districts 18 and 19 with the values of 0.21 and 0.25 remain in critical condition.

Today, unequal regional development is concerned of many developing countries, such as Iran. Centralization, inequality in the distribution of population, activity and natural and human resources and inequality between the regions are including factors and obstacles to regional development in the country. Study the undeveloped cities and areas to set priorities for planning and eliminate the regional development gap is the first step in the process of decision-making for deprivation deprived areas. The regional comprehensive develop approach need economic, social and environmental factors base on human and environment conditions according to each region. The aim of this study is to identify undeveloped county and analysis to investigate the causes of inequalities (gap) in the Makazi counties, according to 14 indicators of economic, social, health and cultural. The research is based on objective, practical resaerch and method of paper is descriptive-analytical. Collecting method for data (1390) is a library (documentary method). In this study for analysis and ranking of counties is used multi-criteria decision method. Based on the results of the models HURWITZ, Maxi max, Maxi min, ELECTRE and show it on a map in GIS; Arak and Saveh are developed, Sazand, Delijan and Khomain are developing and Tafresh, Mhalat, Zarandiyeh, Ashtian and Komijan are developed counties. In general, in the Markazi province formed two separate regions. One is in the southern part of the province (Markazi) and the other in the northern part of the province of Arak (Saveh).

Iran needs population growth in order to achieve high weight in the region and world as well as to obviate peripheral threats. Iran's area is so vast that it can accommodate more population than the current population. The country having population density of 46 individuals per square kilometer ranks 162 in the world. However, quality and efficacy are necessary for a population to lead high weight. Therefore, it has been attempted in this research to explain necessity of population growth of the country geographically; and to study optimization of indices for these changes and policy making in order to lead the changes in the framework of the land preparation plans. The research questions are: Which indices are considered as priority from the view point of the land preparation, concerning the population growth; and which areas and provinces are more apt to accommodate more population? General purpose of this study is to consider crucial land preparation indices in population growth policy and to prioritize provinces based on the indices. The research method is descriptive-analytical.

Decentralization is the strategy which democratizes of the political system and accelerating to achieve sustainable development, which currently has made the executive government circles become a hot issue. Despite the focused concentration of power and decision-making at the center or top-level officials, decentralization make this possibility to deal with low levels issues and problems of they own directly. Thus, this paper uses the method of descriptive - analytic and with a library collection - documents to review tackles decentralization and define the decentralization policy in Iran before and after the revolution program. Evaluation results show that in spite of decentralization policyIn most cases, development programs, unfortunately, these programs have not been successful and convergence has intensified in Tehran. Reality still shows the focus of activities, services and decision-making centers in Tehran. So the solution is to reduce the concentration of political power - administrative and decision-making and management of the local administration and management of provincial to provide the main way to deal with the approach of decentralization and reform of the governance structure and the reduced concentration of Tehran and the development of developing countries, decentralization

Positioning services are generally the activities in which all the features of a particular area are analyzed with regard to suitable land and its relation to the urban and rural functions. Choosing a location requires knowledge and accurate assessments, using appropriate models and tools. In this survey the was conducted in compliance with the standards and features of the site issue Geomorphic region has been examined and is The most important aim identify the status of military centers in the region and analyze environmental conditions and introduce suitable location for the construction military centers. The study is a descriptive-analytical one and benefiting from GIS, evaluates the border areas of South Ilam province and the positioning for the establishment of military centers with regard to the geomorphic and human criteria. therefore AHP model of GIS was used to determine the distribution of military centers of this area. It was finally concluded that %74 of the military centers of this part are placed in proper areas.