Recently nanotechnology has become an integral part of modern biomedical applications. Accordingly, nanoparticles are considered as promising components for the development of innovative tags, probes, biosensors and carrier molecules for drug delivery. Spherical colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prime candidates to be utilized for these purposes due to their useful physical properties. However, in order for the gold nanoparticles to be used in nanomedicine, their biological properties should be extensively studied as well. Therefore, in this paper we chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles and studied their physical and biological characteristics to determine their potential use in medicine. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution with sodium citrate. The physical properties of the AuNPs were determined by UV–vis spectrophotometer and Zetasizer readings. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated via disk diffusion method. We found that the AuNPs were monodisperse, stable and not prone to aggregation with an average size of 22.12 nm and an emission band at 522 nm. The disk diffusion tests revealed that the gold nanoparticles did not have a significant growth inhibitory effect on the pathogens tested. In conclusion, here we showed the successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a safe and non-toxic method. Furthermore, our evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles suggests that these molecules could be considered as biologically safe molecules for future medical applications.

Recently nanotechnology has become an integral part of modern biomedical applications. Accordingly, nanoparticles are considered as promising components for the development of innovative tags, probes, biosensors and carrier molecules for drug delivery. Spherical colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prime candidates to be utilized for these purposes due to their useful physical properties. However, in order for the gold nanoparticles to be used in nanomedicine, their biological properties should be extensively studied as well. Therefore, in this paper we chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles and studied their physical and biological characteristics to determine their potential use in medicine. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution with sodium citrate. The physical properties of the AuNPs were determined by UV–vis spectrophotometer and Zetasizer readings. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated via disk diffusion method. We found that the AuNPs were monodisperse, stable and not prone to aggregation with an average size of 22.12 nm and an emission band at 522 nm. The disk diffusion tests revealed that the gold nanoparticles did not have a significant growth inhibitory effect on the pathogens tested. In conclusion, here we showed the successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a safe and non-toxic method. Furthermore, our evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles suggests that these molecules could be considered as biologically safe molecules for future medical applications.

The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus, Rathbun 1896) has become a significant source of raw materials in biotechnology and nanotechnology due to the biomaterials present in its shell. Natural polymers such as chitin and chitosan, derived from the crab's shell, are particularly noteworthy for their environmentally friendly and biologically compatible properties. These biopolymers provide an innovative alternative in the synthesis of quantum dots (QDs). Quantum dots are favored in various applications, including biomedical imaging, environmental sensors, and energy storage, due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Chitosan obtained from blue crab shells acts as both a stabilizer and a coating agent in the green synthesis of quantum dots. This process minimizes the use of toxic chemicals, thus promoting environmental sustainability. Moreover, the antimicrobial and biodegradable properties of chitosan enhance its usability in biomedical applications. For instance, biocompatible carbon-based quantum dots have shown promising results in cancer diagnostics and drug delivery systems. The synthesis of quantum dots using biomaterials is more cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, utilizing blue crab shells as a waste material contributes to both marine ecosystem preservation and the circular economy. These synthesis methods are reported to create a significant paradigm shift in the field of sustainable technology development. In conclusion, the synthesis of quantum dots using biomaterials derived from blue crabs has the potential to reduce environmental impacts while serving advanced technological applications. This approach significantly contributes to the development of biotechnological innovations and sustainable development goals.

While nanotechnology is widely applied in diverse fields like agriculture, biochemistry, and medicine, it remains a rapidly advancing discipline that introduces more complex applications in food systems compared to traditional technologies. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has brought significant changes to multiple aspects of food science, including processing, packaging, storage, transportation, functionality, and safety. Various nanostructured materials, ranging from inorganic metals, metal oxides, and their composites to bioactive agents incorporated into organic nanoparticles, have been employed within the food industry. Regardless of the substantial advantages of nanotechnology, there are growing concerns about its use, mainly related to the potential accumulation of nanostructured materials in the human body and the environment, leading to various health and safety risks. Therefore, it is crucial to consider safety and health concerns and adhere to regulatory policies while manufacturing, processing, intelligent packaging, and consuming nano-enhanced food products. This review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of nanotechnology applications in food packaging and processing industries while identifying prospects and potential risks associated with nanostructured materials. Additionally, it delves into the health, risk, and hazard aspects of nanoparticles in food and their role in food safety assessments, highlighting specific areas of concern.