Sustainable agriculture can be defined as the creation of an agricultural structure using agricultural technologies that do not harm the environment in addition to the protection of Natural Resources in the long term. In Turkey, as in the developed countries of the world, intensive (traditional or intensive) agricultural production is used without considering the negative consequences of processing techniques and technologies while using synthetic production inputs without supervision. Today, these applications have started to attract as much attention as waste industry or urban pollution with their effects on the determination of natural balance and the ability to create life hazard that can reach all living beings as well as human beings through the food chain. Therefore, organic farming techniques that meet quality, health and environmental standards play a key role by avoiding the use of unnatural inputs such as pharmaceuticals, synthetic fertilizers. Organic agriculture, which is important for the reflection of sustainable agriculture in practice, has started to be seen as a necessity, especially with the development of environmental awareness in recent years. In this study, it is aimed to explain the basic principles of organic agriculture, which we believe are necessary for sustainable agriculture in the 8 villages, namely Umut, Günbalı, Yenisu, Mehmetçik, Güçlü, Akpınar, Güzel, Anaz and 3 towns (Kısas, Konuklu and Çamlıdere) in Şanlıurfa. According to the results of the survey, almost 30% of farmers were found to grow organic products. At the time of purchase, they answered the question of which products do you pay attention to organic, and more than half (54.8%) of the surveyed farmers responded that they pay attention to food. 45.18% of the surveyed farmers stated that they did not pay attention to anything in shopping.

The majority of farm households in Turkey and especially the Eastern Anatolia are still based on low-input semi subsistence agriculture and livestock production. Despite a slow decline in recent years, agriculture and livestock production remains a major employer in Turkey and it is a significant contributor to the country’s gross domestic product, GDP. Whist Turkey is one of the EU candidate countries, is self sufficient in food production and Turkish agriculture is poorly structured inefficient, with farming in the Eastern Anatolia being mainly subsistence farming. Yet, these traditional rural structures combined with poor access to low level of education and low level of off-farm unemployment problem makes the situation more complicated and unsustainable. The best way to promote sustainability, better and higher production of Eastern Anatolian and rural Turkey is to invest in the local people, villages through improved, continuing and effective agricultural and livestock programs in particular. Investment in human capital especially in the rural areas leads to more employment opportunities through entrepreneurship and innovation in organic agriculture and livestock production. A holistic approach to developing and improving supply chains could unlock the potential for sophisticated, state-of-the-art organic agriculture and livestock producers and businesses in the region to become EU and global players. Eastern Anatolian livestock producers and the farmers have the ambitions to take part in future progress because the region is naturally organic not by design but default. It is for sure that present potential of the region has not been fully determined and utilized. EU has greatly benefited from previous enlargements economically, politically and socially. When European Union (EU) and Turkish Government relations considered and accession of Turkey to EU would be the logical consequence of the previous accessions. The screening on chapter 11 (Agriculture and rural development) is one of the important criteria and Turkey is working on to meet these benchmarks.

In this study, the chemical constituents of Origanum onites, Salvia officinalis and Lavandula officinalis plants belonging to Lamiaceae family grown by conventional and organic methods were determined by soxhlet extraction. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method was used to determine the chemical constituents of conventionally and organically grown plant samples. When the results of the analyses were examined, out of 97 chemical components of Salvia officinalis plant, 50 components were determined from plants grown with conventional farming methods and 78 components were determined from plants grown with organic farming methods. Of the 38 components detected in Origanum onites, 36 components were determined from plants grown with conventional farming methods and 38 components were determined from plants grown with organic farming methods. Out of 60 components of Lavandula officinalis, 40 components were determined from plants grown with conventional farming methods and 60 components were determined from plants grown with organic farming methods. In terms of chemical structure, the components are divided into different classes as hydrocarbons, monoterpenes, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, diterpenoids, fatty acids and derivatives, and phenolic compounds.

Innovative farming techniques are essential for food security and sustainable farming practices. Innovative agricultural approaches utilize modern technologies and the latest inventions, as well as traditional agricultural practices. The main purpose of this study is to address the relationship between sustainable agriculture and bioeconomy and to examine innovative approaches that are expected to have a significant impact on the agricultural sector in the near future. The study was carried out in compilation format. Bioeconomy is an economic model or methodology based on the economic evaluation of biological resources and processes. Abiotic resources such as microbes, vegetation, animals, and biodiversity are all included in this strategy. On the other hand, sustainable agriculture, which aims to protect natural resources and take into account ecosystem benefits while maintaining food production, is an agricultural paradigm. The primary goals of bioeconomy and sustainable agriculture are economic evaluation, efficient use of natural resources and reduction of environmental impacts. Considered from these perspectives, it can be said that both concepts have common purposes and are closely related. It is possible to say that with the increasing use of sustainable agricultural methods and bioeconomy, the agricultural sector can move towards a more environmentally friendly, efficiently managed and sustainable structure in the future.