The aim of this study is to determine the indicators used to determine the sustainability levels of nut farms and to establish a set of indicators that can be used to measure the level of sustainability of pistachio farms, based on the literature review. As a result of the literature review, among the indicators commonly used to measure agricultural sustainability, a total of thirty sub-criteria were identified, including fifteen sub-criteria for the economic aspect (farm size, yield, etc.), six sub-criteria for the environmental aspect (pesticide, fertilizer, water, energy usage, etc.) and nine sub-criteria for the social aspect (farmer’s age, education, etc.) which can be used in evaluating the sustainability of pistachio cultivation. According to this study's findings, although the theoretical principles, dimensions, and goals of agricultural sustainability are globally adaptable, the applicability of the indicators may vary between regions and countries due to geographic, climatic, and socio-cultural differences. Therefore, the sustainability assessment process requires special attention. Sufficient knowledge and expertise are required in setting goals, selecting indicators, and verifying indicators.

In the current paper, it was aimed to detect the SSR markers that can be used in the prevention of confusion that may occur in breeding or nurseries, and directly genetically separating Uzun and Kırmızı pistachio cultivars from other commercial cultivars. A total of genotypes of 16 Pistacia vera species, one P. atlantica, one P. eurycarpa and two P. terebinthus species were obtained from the farmer's orchard in Nizip district of Gaziantep province for genetic characterization. Genetic diversity and clustering analyzes were performed with UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average) and STRUCTURE 2.3.4 programs using the scored SSR loci. Genetic relationship and population structure of genotypes were defined using common and distinct polymorphic PCR fragments. Cultivar-specific markers to be used in identifying and distinguishing the genetic structure of Uzun and Kırmızı cultivars were carried out in the current research. CUPOhBa2127 marker has the highest allele number (Na=10). In addition, 11 out of 25 SSR markers were explained as cultivar-specific SSRs that can distinguish Uzun and Kırmızı cultivars. These markers can be used directly by breeders and geneticists without any preliminary screnning of the markers. A quite serious providence will be achieved in the cost and time that will occur with the preliminary analysis, and thus, the confusion that may occur in large scale orchard establishments or nurseries will be reduced to pretty low levels with DNA analysis.