Bu çalışmada, Burdur (Türkiye) ilinde endüstriyel ve ekonomik yönden yetiştiriciliği yaygın şekilde yapılan evcil keçi (Capra hircus) ve koyun (Ovis aries) ırklarından olan 6 adet Akkaraman ırkı koyunları ile 5 adet Honamlı ırkı keçilerinin doğum sonrası 1., 2. ve 3. gün kolostrumları ve 15. gün olgun süt örnekleri fizikokimyasal ve biyoaktif özellikler yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Koyun kolostrumunun keçi kolostrumuna kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde total protein, kurumadde ve yağ içerdiği saptanmıştır (p<0,05). İki farklı ırkın kolostrum örneklerinde yararlı mikroorganizma içeriği doğumdan sonraki ilk 3 günlük süre boyunca >7 log kob/mL düzeyinde saptanmıştır. Koyun ve keçi kolostrum örneklerinde sırasıyla; toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB) düzeyi 8,82-8,03; 8,52-8,33 log kob/mL, Bifidobacterium spp. 8,41-8,12; 8,15-7,97 log kob/mL ve Lactobacillus acidophilus 7,61-6,78; 7,85-7,61 log kob/mL olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivitenin ölçülmesinde 2,2¢-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiyazol-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) radikal katyonu, troloks eşdeğeri antioksidan kapasite tayin (TEAC) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. ABTS ve TEAC antioksidan değerleri 1.gün alınan koyun ve keçi kolostrum örneklerinde en yüksek düzeyde sırasıyla 67,44; 71,32 ve 20,76; 24,65 değerlerinde belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Koyun kolostrum örneklerinde en yüksek ACE-inhibitör aktivite %32,39 ile 2.gün belirlenirken, keçi kolostrumunda %42,29 ile 3.gün belirlenmiştir. Olgun süt örneklerinde ise her iki hayvan kolostrum örneklerine göre biyoaktif özellik değerlerinde düşüş gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ACE-inhibitör ve antioksidan aktivitenin Honamlı ırkı keçi kolostrum örneklerinde yüksek olması keçi kolostrum örneklerinin peroksil radikallerinin oluşumuna karşı iyi bir koruma yeteneğine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma, biyoaktif özellikler ve yararlı mikroorganizma içeriği yönünden farklı küçükbaş hayvan türü kolostrumlarının değerlerini ortaya koymuştur.

The increase in the volume of foreign trade between Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries in recent years has an important potential. The fact that these countries are economically similar further increases the mutual foreign trade potential. These trade relations are important in terms of economic cooperation and are expected to strengthen the economic interests of countries over time. Both Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries have a high potential in terms of production and foreign trade in agricultural and livestock products. Of course, the fact that countries are members of the World Trade Organization has increased free foreign trade in these sectors. Therefore, in this study, the level of foreign trade specialization in the agriculture and livestock sector after Türkiye and MERCOSUR countries became a member of the World Trade Organization was analysed. In this study covering the years 1995-2022; Net Trade, Export-Import Ratio, Lafay and Michaely indices were used. The findings show that the highest specialization is in Argentina and the lowest in Paraguay. In addition, Türkiye and Brazil have an advantage in numerically similar product groups. Türkiye needs to increase productivity in agriculture to increase the level of specialization in foreign trade.

In this study, it was aimed to establish the correlations between actual dry matter intake (DMI) and some animal (body weight, (BW)) and pasture (crude protein (CP); neutral detergent fiber (NDF); in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD); dry matter yield (DMY); herbage allowance (HA); herbage mass (HM); metabolizable energy (ME); relative forage quality (RFQ); total digestible nutrients (TDN)) based factors to formulate precise regression equations for DMI prediction. For this purpose, data (n = 36, 2 years × 3 blocks × 6 data collection) were utilized for two grazing seasons (2020–2021) on cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) mixed pastures with Karayaka male lambs at an average age of 2 months for 60 days in each season. Positive correlations were determined between DMI and BW (0.777), HA (0.814), DMY (0.844), and NDF (0.609), while DMI had negative correlations with IVDMD (-0.738), RFQ (-0.357), CP (-0.209), TDN (-0.177) and ME (-0.039). In addition, animal and pasture–based factors were evaluated by principal component analysis to determine the in–cooperating variables in variance. As a result, equations were developed by using parameters with high correlation coefficient and the best–fit 3 equations for predicting DMI of lambs grazing cocksfoot, meadow fescue and tall fescue pastures: (I) -1224.09 + 39.90BW (kg) + 33.69HA (kg DM/ kg BW) + 8.22NDF (% of DM), r2=0.815, II) -701.47 + 18.96BW (kg) + 673.61DMY (kg/ per square meters) + 8.19NDF (% of DM), r2=0.807, III) -325.32 + 43.49HA (kg DM/kg BW)-2.21IVDMD (%) + 8.57NDF (%), r2=0.786).

The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of ultrasound application on the probiotic characteristics and antioxidant activity of yeasts. In this context, the pH changes, probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of K. marxianus (Km), S. boulardii (Sb) and S. cerevisiae (Sc) were determined by ultrasound application at different durations (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes at 24 kHz). The lowest pH values were determined for cultures of Km (ultrasound non-applied K. marxianus), Sb-30 (30 min. ultrasound applied S. boulardii) and Sc-5 (5 min. ultrasound applied S. cerevisiae) as 4.48, 5.15 and 5.26, respectively. The hydrophobicity values of the yeast strains varied between 6% and 24%, increased with ultrasound application. Although S. boulardii had the highest tolerance to low pH and bile salts, the resistance of all yeast to low pH and bile salts decreased with ultrasound application. K. marxianus had the least survival under in vitro conditions, but ultrasound application increased survival of K. marxianus strains and slightly affected the survival rate of S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae. Increasing of duration time of ultrasound application resulted higher antioxidant activity and so the highest antioxidant activity was determined for Sb-60. Finally, ultrasound application could be used for the development of hydrophobicity and antioxidant properties of yeast cultures.

Bu araştırma, fesleğen bitki ekstraktının (O. basilicum odoratum) Kınalı keklik yumurtalarının inkübasyonunda kullanımının (Alectoris chukar) prenatal ve yeni çıkımı içeren postnatal dönemlerde olmak üzere, kuluçka sonuçları ile keklik davranışlarına etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 14 haftalık yaştaki kekliklerden elde edilen 160 adet yumurta kullanılmıştır. Yumurtalar inkübasyon sırasında püskürtme şeklinde uygulanan fesleğen kullanımına göre; püskürtme uygulanmayan kontrol (K), püskürtme uygulananlar saf su (F0), %1 ekstrakt (F1) ve % 5 ekstrakt (F5) şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Grupların (K, F0, F1 ve F5) kuluçka randımanları sırasıyla %70,66±1,51, %75,00±0,01, %78,33±2,88 ve %81,00±1,00 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çıkım gücü ise en yüksek %98,41 ±1,12 ile F5 de, en düşük %93,00±1,00 ile K grubundadır. Çıkım ağırlığı üzerine etki gözlenmemiştir. F5 grubunda en yüksek Tona (98,92±0,23) ve Pasgar (9,57±0,08) skorları elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada açık alan testin uygulanan civcivlerin merkezde geçirdikleri süre değerleri sırasıyla F1’de %3,64±0,11, F0’da %3,67±0,11, K’de %4,60±0,23 ve F5’de %5,71±0,14 olarak hesaplanmış, civcivlerin pist skor değerleri ise sırasıyla K’de 1,33±0,57, F0’da 2,23±0,27, F1’de 2,66±0,57 ve F5’te ise 3,66±0,57 olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak keklik yumurtalarına %5’lik fesleğen bitki ekstraktı uygulamasının kuluçka randımanı ve çıkım gücünü artırdığı, malformasyon oranını düşürdüğü, civciv kalitesi üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca açık alan ve pist davranış testleri sonuçlarına göre yeni çıkan civcivlerde korku ve stresi azaltma potansiyeli görülmüştür.

The present study investigated the effect of starvation periods on growth performance, feed cost, and water quality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Two different starvation methods were implemented, with an average weight of 120.69±3.47g over a 45-day trial. Group D1 was subjected to a 1-day fasting/2-day feeding regimen, whereas Group D2 adopted a 2-day fasting/1-day feeding regimen. The control group (C) was fed twice daily to satiation. At the end of the trial, the average weight of the fish was 200.88±14.62g in the control group, 189.11±21.05g in Group D1, and 130.04±10.49g in Group D2. The specific growth rates were 1.13±0.08% (C), 1.00±0.05% (D1), and 0.17±0.06% (D2), respectively. Feed conversion ratios were 1.81±0.01 (C), 1.32±0.02 (D1), and 4.43±0.05 (D2), respectively. There were significant differences between the control group and Groups D1 and D2 in terms of dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and pH values of the water. Group D2 yielded lower feed costs due to reduced feed usage. The average weight gain analysis showed that the unit feed cost of Group D2 was 3.4-fold higher than that of Group D1 and 2.5-fold higher than that of the control group. The application of starvation periods in feeding common carp had significant effects on the growth, feed utilization, water quality, and feed cost.

Haor regions are inhabited by one of the most economically disadvantaged communities, which rely on agriculture and endure numerous challenges due to its vulnerability. This article analyzes the data obtained from Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), which were subsequently connected to prior publications to identify the nature of the agricultural land-related problems in the Netrokona Haor basin. Multiple concerns and their nature have been uncovered through the examination. Among those, difficulties in irrigation systems pose the greatest challenge for regional producers. Additional challenges encompass land fragmentation, pollution, erosion, fishing-related concerns, drainage infrastructure, and flood. This study discusses probable solutions with the directive to new research that claims collaborative venture through government and private agencies. Carefully designed research-based policy framework prioritizing strict implementation of existing laws is crucial to effectively mitigate the problem.

The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the seasonal changes in births of Anatolian buffaloes, ii) to examine the changes of some milk [lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL)] and fertility [first calving age (FCA) and calving interval (CI)] according to seasons and iii) to investigate the effects of seasons on the growth traits of calves [birth weight (BW0), live weight at 6 mo (LW6) and live weight at 12 mo (LW12)]. A total of 8614 to 15605 yield records were evaluated including milk yield and fertility traits of buffalo cows and growth traits of calves between 2012 and 2023. The mean temperature, relative humidity, the duration of sunshine, and temperature humidity index (THI) values were calculated for these years. While the highest birth rate was observed in the summer season (34.27%), the lowest birth rate was determined in the winter season (11.99%). The BW0, LW6 and LW12, LMY, LL, FCA, and CI values of the calves were determined as 30.8±0.04 kg, 107.6±0.23 kg, 172.6±0.27 kg, 994.7±2.05 kg, 262.6±0.22 d 1175.5±3.46 d and 561.7±1.84 d, respectively. Except for CI, all characteristics were significantly affected by seasonal changes (P<0.001). The growth traits of the calves born in autumn were higher than the other seasons. The LMY values in spring and winter were higher than those determined in the different seasons. Also, the highest FCA was obtained in heifers born in the winter. It was concluded that the season could affect both some fertility and milk yield characteristics of buffalo cows and the growth performance of calves.

In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) values were found in order to determine the drought conditions between 2012-2020 in Ankara province. Drought severity interpretations were made according to the index values obtained and these values were evaluated together with some grain yields grown in the region. Separate regression analysis was performed between the different drought index values obtained within the scope of the study and the irrigated and dry agricultural yield values of wheat, barley and triticale. According to the index values calculated between 2012 and 2020 according to the SPI method, drought conditions are generally close to normal in the region. According to the PNI values, it was determined that 2013 had mildly dry conditions and other years had near-normal drought conditions. According to both indices, a drought close to normal was observed during the research period. In the regression analysis made according to wheat, barley and triticale yields, the highest linearity was obtained in barley, and values close to barley were found in triticale. Wheat is the cereal with the lowest linearity. The regression coefficients obtained as 0.4294 for barley, 0.3331 for triticale, and 0.0502 for wheat were found to be 0.0584 for SPI and 0.0013 for PNI. According to the results obtained, it can be said that statistically linearity is in barley and triticale. In average yields, an increase of 47% in wheat, 55% in barley and 34% in triticale was observed with irrigation. In order to ensure sustainable grain cultivation in drought conditions, it is recommended to expand modern irrigation practices in coordination with drought analysis studies and to increase scientific studies on this subject.

As the organic agriculture sector grows, the need for standards, inspection, and certification systems to ensure trust in organic products increases. Organic agriculture revolves around standards that determine the practices that farmers must follow. These standards also create a plan for inspection and certification systems. These systems are the cornerstone of ensuring reliability in the organic agriculture sector. This study has been prepared to evaluate the inspection and certification systems within the framework of the sense of trust, which is a critical issue in the organic agriculture sector from farm to fork. The focus of this framework is to ensure that inspection and certification systems keep the principles of organic agriculture intact from farm to fork. This is because these systems are necessary to build trust, access markets, increase consumer confidence and support fair and ethical practices in the sector. However, it is suggested that areas such as facilitating accessible inspection and certification for small-scale farmers, improving consumer education and promoting cooperation for global standards should be studied as potential areas.