The escalating global population, diminishing agricultural lands, and the overarching global climate crisis are significantly impacting pepper cultivation. These challenges exacerbate the vulnerability of pepper plants to various biotic and abiotic factors, particularly viral diseases, resulting in diminished yield and quality. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a notable concern for peppers in the Solanaceae family, is causing substantial quality and yield losses, with no effective chemical control methods currently available. This study focuses on exploring the genetic structure of CMV isolates obtained from pepper production areas in Kilis province and comparing these regions through the High-Resolution Melting (HRM) method. CMV isolates, cultivated in tobacco plants, have their partial coat protein sequences compared with those of other CMV isolates registered in the gene bank. The nucleotide sequences of identified CMV isolates are phylogenetically grouped and compared using an HRM graph. The HRM graph effectively distinguishes Kilis 3 and Kilis 4 isolates, clustered similarly to sequence patterns, from other isolates. The study highlights the utility of HRM analyses in identifying differences between isolates before determining sequence patterns. In the gene bank comparison, Kilis CMV isolates distinguished from others. Similarities were observed with isolates from Iran's Balsam (Impatiens balsamina - LC066478), Türkiye's Radish (Raphanus sativus - LC0665051), and Wild Turnip (Rapistrum rugosum - LC066514, LC066511, LC066517). The study found that Kilis 7 CMV isolate, transferred mechanically to 24 different pepper genotypes (C. annuum) from the local population, revealed susceptibility to CMV in the 24 lines developed from the Elbeyli population in Kilis province.

Growth retardation and decreased vivid coloration are significant issues in the ornamental fish market, particularly among cichlids. This study investigates the effects of Schizochytrium sp. microalgae supplementation on the growth and skin coloration of the Jack Dempsey cichlid (Rocio octofasciata). Three experimental groups were established: a control group (C) with no supplementation, and two microalgae-supplemented groups with 0.5% (S05) and 1% (S10). The control group was fed a commercial diet, while the S05 and S10 groups received the microalgae mixed with the commercial feed via spraying. A total of 135 Jack Dempsey fish (mean initial weight: 1.17 ± 0.14 g) were stocked into nine glass tanks (100 L each), with three replicates per group. After a 60-day feeding trial, growth indices revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the control and algae-supplemented groups. The S10 group exhibited the highest final weight (FW) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) values for the S10 group were significantly higher than those of both the control and S05 groups (p<0.05). However, skin color parameters, including L* (brightness), a* (+red/-green axis), b* (+yellow/-blue axis), chroma (Ch), and hue angle (Hue), showed no statistical differences among the groups. This study demonstrates that a diet supplemented with 1% Schizochytrium sp. can enhance growth parameters and serve as a beneficial feed additive for Jack Dempsey cichlids.

This study investigates the impact of varying planting densities on cotton plants’ morphological traits and yield. As planting density increases, there is a reduction in monopodial and sympodial branches, resulting in a more compact plant structure. The study highlights the highest yield achieved with specific planting densities, endorsing the viability of both holl and row planting methods. It suggests adopting narrow or ultra-narrow row systems to enhance yield and economize input costs. The study was conducted in 2017 at the experimental field of Aydın Adnan Menderes University in the Faculty of Agriculture’s Department of Field Crops. The material used in this study was the widely cultivated cotton variety “Gloria” in the Aegean region. The investigation was conducted using a randomized block design with 4 replications. In evaluating cotton yield and related parameters, it was observed that D1 and D2 (14.285 plants/da) achieved the highest yield concerning plant density, emphasizing the viability of both holl and row planting methods. The study concluded that augmenting the number of plants within a specific area of production significantly contributes to higher seed cotton yields. To enhance yield and economize cotton input costs, the adoption of a narrow or ultra-narrow row production system is suggested as an alternative strategy to conventional methods.

In a lab experiment using seed priming, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed germination and seedling development were studied. Twenty different priming techniques were utilized in the study, each comprising varying concentrations of NaOCI, CaCl2, KNO3, Manitol, PEG, KCL, H2O and a control group that received no priming. Four replications of a completely randomized design (CRD) were used in the experiment. Among the three priming treatments, there were substantial differences in the seedling growth metrics and germination rate. When 500 ppm NaOCl was used as a treatment, the highest seed germination percentage (96%) was attained. Although 100 ppm PEG had the greatest germination index (42.92), 10000 ppm NaOCl had the quickest mean germination time (8.27). Additionally, at a concentration of 1500 ppm NaOCl, the greatest seedling vigor index (29.79) and maximum germination coefficient (12.28) were likewise obtained. With H2O treatment, the maximum shoot length (21.09 cm) was observed for seedling growth parameters. The largest root length was produced by a 10000 ppm KNO3 treatment (11.19 cm). With 20000 ppm KNO3, the maximum root dry weight was achieved (88.50 mg), whereas H2O produced the highest shoot dry weight (51.0 mg). Additionally, it was discovered that a treatment with 10000 ppm KNO3 had the best root-shoot ratio (0.72). The research thus supports the possible use of seed priming as a method to improve faba bean seed germination and seedling growth. NaOCl and KNO3 seemed to work best for faba bean seed germination and seedling growth.

This review investigates the effects of heat and drought stress on future food security of Turkish agriculture. Temperature average is expected to rise to 3.2°C at the end of the current century while annual precipitation will decline more than 10% in the west and south and rise by 20% in the north of Türkiye, implying that climate change will affect ecosystem sustainability. It is therefore crucial to develop strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change such as adjusting the planting schedule, reduced tillage, fertiliser microdosing, pre-sowing seed treatment, and the application of growth promoting bacteria to improve tolerance to stress by comprehending how plants respond physiologically and biochemically under these stress conditions. Long-term heat stress may hinder photosynthetic electron transport, decreasing the plant's ability to make use of energy for photosynthesis. The immediate response of plants under drought stress involves closing stomatal openings to reduce water loss through stomatal conductance. Combined heat and drought stress have a greater adverse effect on plant development and production than their effects in isolation. Plant phenotyping can play a major role in “climate-proofing” Turkish agriculture through the identification and development of crop varities with improved prouctivity, climate resilience and input requirements. Digital agriculture will also improve the efficiency of Turkish agricultural systems as the adapt to a hotter drier climate. To ensure future food security and the viability of the agro-economic system in Türkiye steps must be taken to make Turkish agriculture more robust in preparation for the impacts of climate change.

Bu çalışma brokoli çiçeği tozunun yumurtlayan bıldırcınların rasyonlarında katkı maddesi olarak kullanımının performans ve yumurta kalitesine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 16 haftalık yaşta, toplam 54 adet dişi bıldırcın ile 6 tekerrürden oluşan 3 muamele grubunda yürütülmüş olup her tekerrüre 3 adet bıldırcın yerleştirilmiştir. Muameleler bazal rasyona 0, 5 veya 10 g/kg seviyelerinde brokoli çiçeği tozu ilavesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Bıldırcınlar muamele rasyonları ile 8 hafta boyunca serbest olarak yemlenmişlerdir. Çalışma sonucunda rasyona brokoli tozu ilavesi bıldırcınların canlı ağırlık, yumurta verimi, kabuk ağırlığı, kabuk kalınlığı, yumurta sarı ve ak indeksleri ile Haugh birimi ve yumurta sarısı L* değerini etkilememiştir. Rasyona brokoli tozu ilavesi ile bıldırcınların yem tüketimi azalmıştır. Yumurta kitlesi brokoli tozunun 5 g/kg seviyesi ile düşmüştür. Rasyona 10 g/kg seviyesinde brokoli tozu ilavesi ile yumurta ağırlığı, yumurta sarısı a* ve b* değerleri artmış, yemden yararlanma oranı ise azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre yumurtlayan bıldırcın rasyonlarına 10 g/kg seviyesinde brokoli tozu ilavesi kabuk kalitesini etkilemeksizin performansı ve yumurta sarısı rengini iyileştirmede etkili olmuştur.

Bu çalışmada, modifiye atmosfer paketleme (MAP) ve 1-metilsiklopropen (1-MCP) ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidi meyvelerinin hasat sonrası dayanımlarına etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma; a) Kontrol, b) MAP, c) 1-MCP, d) MAP + 1-MCP, e) RipeLock™ MAP ambalaj + 1-MCP olacak şekilde beş farklı uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1-MCP, 24 saat 625 ppb olarak uygulanmıştır. ‘Farfia’ kayısı çeşidine ait meyveler 8 hafta süreyle 0°C’de %90 nemde depolanmıştır. Depolama öncesi ve süresince 2 haftalık periyotlarla alınan örneklerde ambalajların ağzı açılarak 2 gün raf ömründe (20°C) bekletildikten sonra ağırlık kaybı, renk, meyve eti sertliği, suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı, asitlik, pH, toplam fenol miktarı, antioksidan aktivitesi, solunum hızı, etilen salınımı, duyusal değerlendirme ve çürüklük gelişimi belirlenmiştir. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalar, kayısı meyvelerinin ağırlık kaybını depolama ve raf ömrü süresince önemli derecede azalttığı görülmüştür. Meyve eti sertliğinin korunmasında, MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte uygulamaları etkili olmuştur. MAP’ın yer aldığı uygulamalarda meyvelerin solunum hızları daha düşük bulunmuştur. MAP ve 1-MCP’nin teksel ve birlikte uygulanmaları kayısı meyvelerinin etilen salınımını yavaşlatmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda MAP ile 1-MCP’nin birlikte yapıldığı uygulamalardaki ‘Farfia’ kayısı meyvelerinin 42 gün başarıyla saklanabileceği saptanmıştır.

Bu çalışma, yavaş ve hızlı gelişen etlik piliç soyları ile ekonomik verim dönemini tamamlamış (EVD) farklı yaştaki yumurta tavuklarının bilinçsizleştirme, kesim, et ve kemik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılmasını amaçlamıştır. Denemede yavaş (YG) ve hızlı gelişen (HG) etlik piliçlerin dişileri ile tüy dökümü uygulanmamış 90 (EVD1) ile 122 haftalık (EVD2) ve tüy dökümü uygulanmış 122 haftalık yaşta (EVDT) Lohmann kahverengi yumurta tavukları kullanılmıştır. Kesim öncesi kanatlıların elektrik akımıyla bilinçsizleştirme işlemi sırasında vücut dirençleri belirlenmiştir. Vücut direnç değerleri 1063 Ω ile YG piliçlerde en yüksek ve 635 Ω ile HG piliçlerde en düşük olarak elde edilmiştir. Yumurta tavukları ile etlik piliçlerin göğüs ve but eti kalite özellikleri arasında önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Yumurtacı tavuk etlerinin daha mat, kırmızı ve sarı renkleri daha belirgin, su kayıpları ve kesme kuvvetinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, 90 ve 122 haftalık yumurta tavuklarında tibia ve femur kemik kalitesi etlik piliçlere göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. Verim dönemini tamamlamış tavuk etlerinde saptanan göğüs ve but eti ile kemik özellikleri dikkate alındığında, bunların işlenmiş kanatlı et ürünlerinin üretiminde kullanılmasının daha uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

The current study aimed to evaluate Piliostigma thonningii seeds-derived essential oil (PTO) effect on hematological and reproductive parameters in rabbits. Three groups consisting of 15 animals each were randomly assigned and with an average initial body weight (BW) of 262.89 ± 22.36 g in a fully randomised experimental design. Group 1 received the control diet, while for groups 2 and 3 the basal control diet was supplemented with 2 mL PTO/kg diet and 4 mL PTO/kg diet, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the blood was analysed using the ABACUS ROSS haematology analyser. The results indicated significant differences in rabbits receiving PTO supplemented feed, namely; Packed cell volume, red blood cells, white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophil increased (P<0.05) with increasing level of PEO supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet were higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than T1 with T2 being intermediate (P>0.05) between T1 and T3. Semen volume, concentration and motility were higher (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 than in T1. While semen abnormalities and bucks’ reaction time to does (libido) were greater (P<0.05) in T1 than in T2 and T3, Live dead ratio was higher (P<0.05) in T3 relative to T1 while T2 was intermediate between T1 and T3 (P>0.05). semen color and pH were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. It was therefore concluded that P. thonningii essential oil supplementation enhanced both haematological and fertility potential of the experimental rabbits.

The aim of this study was to define the growth by using nonlinear functions in intensive feedlot system with XGBoost algorithm. To achieve this aim, five nonlinear functions were implemented. To implementation of the study, Brown Swiss (n=41) and Simental (n=95) breed were used. Each nonlinear functions were examined for each breed. According to the results of the nonlinear functions, logistic model was the best prediction model for defining the growth of each breed. In this study, the parameters in the best prediction model were calculated individually and the relationship of these parameters with body weight was evaluated with the XGBoost algorithm. Model comparison criteria such as standard deviation ratio (SDratio), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PC), determination of coefficient (R2) and Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) were used to evaluate the XGBoost algorithm. In conclusion, the XGBoost algorithm can be an effective and optional approach that allows breeders to estimate live weight from growth parameters. This algorithm can operate on large data sets with high accuracy and speed, leading to significant improvements in agricultural productivity and animal health management. XGBoost enables more accurate predictions by analyzing the effects of various characteristics (e.g., nutritional level, breed, age). Therefore, this method can be used to determine critical parameters such as body weight in animal breeding practices, serving as a powerful support tool for operational decisions.