Identifying the originality and detecting the authentication of the processed and unprocessed commercial food products ensure food safety. Food adulteration of food products with high commercial value by cheap additives could threaten human health. In this study, we generated and tested five DNA barcodes (ITS, LEAFY, matK, rbcL, ycf1) of the Turkish Protected Designation of Origin Apricot “Iğdır Kayısısı” (Prunus armeniaca cv. Şalak) with related primer pairs. The generated barcodes were deposited on the GenBank database. The results showed that nuclear originated ITS and LEAFY barcodes discriminated the Prunus species and cultivars better than the plastidial barcodes. Due to plenty of ITS barcodes on the databases, and good results in our study we recommend using ITS to identify Prunus species and cultivars.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is constrained majorly by drought and low soil fertility in Kenya. These limitations have never been adequately approached due to financial challenges and lack of better technology. A study was carried out in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties to evaluate the effects of tillage method and residual fertilizers on yield performance of dry bean. Dry bean was grown in the short rains season on plots preceded by fertilized maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the long rains season. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement. The tillage methods, NT+CR and CT-CR, where NT: No-tillage, CT: Conventional tillage, and CR: Crop residue, were assigned the main plot and residual fertilizers (NK, NP, PK, NPK, and NPK+CaMgZnBS) the subplots. The results showed that there was 35% and 46% more water retention under NT+CR than under CT-CR system in Embu and Kirinyaga sites, respectively. NT+CR produced higher biomass, more number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 1000-seed weight. Plots with residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS yielded higher biomass at 60 DAE, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and grain yield than plots with other treatments. The residual NPK+ZnBMgCaS and NPK treatments out yielded PK treatment by 600 kg ha-1 and 370 kg ha-1 (Embu) and by 710 kg ha-1 and 330 kg ha-1 (Kirinyaga), respectively. Based on these results, cultivation of dry bean on residual fertilizer nutrients solely or in combination with no-till and crop residue retention after maize harvest has the potential to improve the yields and food security among farmers in the region.

Kalite ve verim açısından karkas sınıflandırmasını sağlayacak olan bilgilerin net olarak elde edilebilmesi ancak hayvanların kesimi ve kesim sonrası ölçümlerin yapılması ile mümkün olabilmektedir. Kesim öncesinde yapılan öznel değerlendirmeler kesim sonrası için sadece birer öngörü ve tahmin niteliği taşımaktadır. Ancak kesim sonrasında nesnel yöntemler ile yapılan ölçüm ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda net bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Doğal olarak bu durum bir sınıflandırma sisteminin varlığını, görüntüleme sistemlerini, ölçüm sistemlerini, nitelikli ve bilimsel işgücü varlığını beraberinde getirmektedir. Karkas sınıflandırma sistemindeki eksiklikler hayvancılık ve gıda sektörü açısından önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olmakla beraber tüketiciler açısından da lezzet, hedefe uygun beslenememe ve fiyatlandırma gibi birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu derlemede; Türkiye’de sığır karkaslarının sınıflandırılmaları ve derecelendirmeleri ile ilgili mevcut durum, Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde sığır karkas sınıflandırma ve derecelendirilmesi amacıyla kullanılan “S-EUROP” sistemi hakkında bilgilendirme ve karkas konformasyonu, yağlanma durumu ve karkas kompozisyonlarının belirlenmesi için kullanılan görüntüleme yöntemlerinden Ultrason, Bilgisayarlı Tomografi (BT), Manyetik Rezonans (MR), X-Ray Absorptiyometri, Optik Problar ve Video Görüntüleme Analizi (VIA) konuları hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

In this study, it is aimed to predict drought in Nallihan region by using streamflow drought index and artificial neural network method which is a part of artificial intelligence approaches. The measured data of some meteorological stations (Nallihan, Beypazari, Mihaliccik, Catacik, Goynuk, Mudurnu, Seben and Eskisehir) in the Sakarya Basin and the Nallihan streamflow observation station between 1996 and 2015 were used to forecast 2015-2030 streamflow values. The correlation coefficient in the education and test stages of the ANN model was realized with a high consistency of 0.990 and 0.967, respectively. According to the mean absolute error method, the error performance values of ANN model are 0.19 for the training phase and 0.26 for the test phase. Cumulative streamflow series were created for the reference periods (k1, October-December; k2, October-March; k3, October-June; k4, October-September) and the streamflow drought index values were obtained using measured and predicted values. According to these values, mild droughts were more frequent between 1997-2015 and 2016-2030, but the number of moderate and severe droughts increased gradually. It is predicted that in the future, it may be seen in extreme arid periods in the region. Drought in the 6-month period between October and March is similar to the average of all periods for 1997-2015 and 2016-2030. The use of 6-month drought data for the streamflow drought index is expected to be useful in predicting future drought.

Functional foods are the foods that provide health benefits beyond the basic nutrition. Dairy products have a prominent position in the functional food market. However, market share for functional dairy products in Sri Lanka is low compared to most of the countries in the world. Awareness of consumers and attitude towards a healthy life is essential for market success of functional dairy products. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the status of awareness of and attitudes towards functional dairy products among consumers from Western Province of Sri Lanka. The study was conducted using a pre-tested structured questionnaire during June to November 2018, with the participation of 307 purposively selected consumers. Information on consumers’ tendency towards a healthy life style, awareness and perception on health benefits of functional foods and dairy products, confidence on different information sources etc. were recorded. SPSS statistical software package was used for the data analysis. The empirical findings showed that the consumers still concern about taste and cost rather than health when buying food products. Consumer age showed a significant (χ2=19.41, p

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), is a plant which has an important place in the economic sense in medicinal and aromatic plants. Such as health, food, cosmetics are among the leading materials in the use of many sectors. The production of plant materials obtained from seeds obtained from enduring and strong lines is facilitated with the increasing number of studies. Therefore, the characteristics of the lines from which the seeds come must be demonstrated. In this study, four different anise line (Spain, Egypt, Syria, Turkey) some characteristics of by seed (figure-size, surface area, projection area, average geometric and arithmetic diameter, sphericity, thousand grain weight, average germination percentage and time) It was investigated. At the same time, the film coating was applied to the seeds and the changes in these properties of the seeds were determined. The data obtained were also examined statistically.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of hazelnut husk (HH), wood shavings (WS) and the mixture of 50% hazelnut husk + 50% wood shavings (MIX) in two different thicknesses (4 and 8 cm) as a litter material in broiler production. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experimental design (3 litter type and 2 thickness) and stocking density was 10 chickens per m2. At 6 wk. of age, the effect of litter types and thicknesses on broiler live weights, feed efficiency, and livability, were not significant. Also, no differences were found in terms of gizzard, digestive tract, abdominal fat and edible internal organ weight percentages. While carcass yield varied between litter groups, there was no difference between litter thicknesses. The litter moisture levels at the end of the trial were not affected the litter type and litter thickness, while the foot pad dermatitis (FPD) rates were significantly affected. The highest FPD levels were determined in the HH litter and 4 cm thickness. As a result, the use of HH, WS and MIX of them with a thickness of 4 and 8 cm had no effect on other traits except for FPD levels. It has been observed that these litter materials may be used successfully in broiler production and use of 8 cm thickness litter has minor positive effects except that the cost of litter has doubled.

In this study, the energy analyses of wheat production were compared for various geographic regions as Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Mediterranean, Eastern Anatolia and the Marmara. For this purpose, the data obtained from different studies conducted in these geographical regions were used. Five key indicators to assess the energy analyses in wheat production in the geographical regions of Turkey (energy profitability, specific energy, energy efficiency, energy use and net energy) were considered. As a result, the lowest specific energy was obtained in the Mediterranean/Adana region with 2.22 MJ kg-1, while the highest specific energy was obtained in the East Anatolia with 10.51 MJ kg-1. The lowest and highest energy use efficiency was obtained with 2.36 and 7.88 in the Black Sea/Samsun and East Anatolia/Erzurum region, respectively. The highest energy use rate is fertilizer energy in total input energy of the wheat production for geographical regions of Turkey.

This study has been carried out to investigate that the effect of different levels of in ovo zinc, manganese and copper mineral mix injection on the hatchability and some tissue characteristics in the Japanese quail breeder eggs. In the study a total 400 Japanese quail breeder eggs which have similar weight have been randomly distributed to four different experimental groups: C as control non-injected (C), MinMix1 has been injected with 15+15+3 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg, MinMix2 has been injected with 30+30+6 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg and MinMix3 has been injected with 45+45+9 µg Zn-Mn-Cu mineral mix + 0.2 ml physiological serum per egg. The effect of treatment on hatchability, hatching weight and tibia weight, leg, beak and tibia lengths has been found to be unimportant. The yolk sac weight was lower in the injected groups compared to the control group, whereas the heart and liver weights, chick and wing lengths have significantly increased with the in ovo mineral mix injection. The hatching of chicks in the injected groups has started earlier than the control group and the hatchings of these groups were completed earlier, except for the MinMix3 group. These results demonstrated that in ovo injection with MinMix2 increased heart and liver weights and chick and wing lengths while in ovo mineral injection decreased yolk sac.

In this study, a morphometric investigation was carried out on the Akbash Turkish shepherd dog breed using 30 exterior parameters. The study consisted of 96 dogs (54 males and 42 females) ranging in age from 2 to 9 years. All dogs were bred in the West Anatolia region of Turkey, around the city of Eskisehir. The following exterior parameters were measured and their means were obtained: height at withers (65.22±3.99 cm), height at mid-back (62.24±4.24 cm), height at rump (64.97±4.16 cm), height at base of tail (58.2±5.01 cm), height to elbow (36.07±4.06 cm), height to knee (35.83±4.96 cm), height to hock (17.08±3.21 cm), height to tip of sternum (45.12±4.30 cm), body length (70.58±5.58 cm), chest depth (29.58±3.23 cm), chest width (21.02±3.18 cm), breast width (16.86±3.41 cm), chest circumference (77.86±7.05 cm), pastern circumference (13.27±1.67 cm), rump length (19.21±3.27 cm), pelvic width (8.65±2.18 cm), rump protuberance width (7.58±3.02 cm), head length (27.20±2.85 cm), skull length (16.58±1.92 cm), muzzle length (10.30±2.35 cm), skull width (14.06±1.96 cm), muzzle width (7.60±1.26 cm). According to the obtained morphological characteristics the dog has a rectangular body format, and the rump is somewhat higher than the height at the withers. According to its craniological characteristics it belongs to the group of mesaticephalic dogs. The width of the skull is smaller than its length. Angles of the hind legs are more open than angles of the front legs.