Agricultural lands are known not only as agricultural production areas but also as areas with high income expectations as an investment tool. In Turkey, recent fluctuations in economic indicators such as the euro, dollar, and gold, along with increasing investment demand, have caused agricultural land prices to rise uncontrollably. Controlling land price increases is important for preventing the misuse of agricultural lands. The sustainable management of agricultural lands and price stability are closely related to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 and 15, “Sustainable Cities and Communities” and “Life on Land.” In this context, accurately predicting prices is important for minimizing price fluctuations in agricultural lands for investors and landowners and supporting sustainable development. In general, the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model is considered one of the effective traditional methods for predicting real estate prices. However, depending on the data, more reliable results can be obtained than with powerful deep learning models such as the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, which exhibits superior prediction performance. This study aims to compare the MLR and XGBoost algorithms to predict agricultural land prices in villages located in the central district of Çanakkale and to examine daily fluctuations in economic indicators such as the dollar, gold, and euro. The results showed that XGBoost (R2 = 0.66) has an advantage in terms of coefficient of determination values compared to MLR (R2 = 0.01). Accurate price prediction for agricultural lands will help control fluctuations in land prices. Additionally, it will support farmers and investors in making informed decisions for a sustainable agricultural economy.

The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are tropical plants rich in phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonols, polyphenols, and flavonoids. In this study, butterfly pea flower beverage and butterfly pea flower beverage containing purple basil were obtained using the infusion method (IM) and the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. Both extraction process were carried out at two different durations: 3 and 7 minutes. Total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) values increased in all beverage samples prepared by addition of purple basil extract. The color parameters of the samples were determined and the sensory characteristics were evaluated. This study will provide a new perspective on the extraction methods of butterfly pea flower plant, which has a characteristic blue color and contains functional biocomponents; its processing into a functional beverage; and its enrichment with purple basil, another plant rich in phytochemicals.

Climate change poses a significant global challenge that exacerbates existing social, economic, and cultural inequalities, particularly through the lens of gender. This review systematically investigates the gendered dimensions of climate change impacts, focusing on the unique challenges faced by women and men in rural areas, as well as the adaptive strategies employed to mitigate these effects. This study employed a systematic literature review approach following established protocols. A structured search strategy was implemented across various academic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect) and trusted sources (United Nations Women, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Women, often responsible for critical tasks such as water collection, fuel gathering, and food production, experience heightened burdens due to limited access to land, financial resources, and decision-making platforms. Conversely, men are disproportionately affected by job losses in climate-sensitive sectors, leading to economic insecurity and shifts in traditional family roles. The central hypothesis guiding this review posits that addressing gender disparities in climate adaptation and mitigation is essential for achieving social justice and enhancing the effectiveness of climate action. This review underscores the critical need for inclusive and equitable strategies that foster resilience and sustainability in vulnerable communities while highlighting the intersectionality of gender and climate change. Strategies identified include capacity-building initiatives, inclusive policies, gender-responsive financing mechanisms, and participatory governance. Integrating indigenous knowledge and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration are pivotal for fostering equitable resilience. Achieving these goals necessitates collective action to dismantle structural barriers, ensuring that climate policies address the needs of all stakeholders. This study contributes to the growing recognition that sustainable communities cannot be achieved without addressing gendered impacts and fostering inclusive solutions for a more equitable future.

Tarım sektörü, yüksek enerji tüketimi ve çevresel etkileriyle öne çıkan bir alandır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mandarin üretim süreçlerindeki enerji kullanımını ve karbon emisyonlarını analiz ederek, çevresel sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak adına çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. 2021-2022 üretim sezonunda Adana ilinde gerçekleştirilen araştırma, mandarin üretiminin çevreye olan etkilerine ilişkin önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Elde edilen verilere göre, mandarin üretiminde kullanılan enerjinin büyük bir kısmı kimyasal gübreler (%33,88), sulama suyu (%23,94) ve pestisitlerden (%23,10) gelmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, mandarin üretiminde toplam enerji girdisi 41604,60 MJ ha-1, enerji çıktısı ise 156582,40 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretim faaliyetlerinin toplam karbon emisyonu 954,69 kg CO2-eq kg-1 seviyesinde bulunmuş olup, emisyonların %25,97'sinin azotlu gübre kullanımından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, mandarin üretiminde enerji verimliliğini artırmak için özellikle kimyasal gübre kullanımının azaltılmasının önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Enerji tüketimini optimize etmek ve karbon emisyonlarını düşürmek adına, çevre dostu ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının teşvik edilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Özellikle, kimyasal gübrelerin yerine çiftlik gübresi ve organik gübre gibi alternatiflerin kullanılması, mandarin üretiminden kaynaklanan çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

The agriculture sector is actively looking for the most effective ways to manage water resources. Proper water management is crucial for increasing agricultural productivity and optimizing the region’s water usage efficiency. The purpose of this study was for estimating the irrigation water requirement, reference and crop evapotranspiration and irrigation schedule for cotton in Çukurova region over a 31-year period (1990-2020) using the CROPWAT model. To ensure appropriate water utilization and planning, information regarding the climate data was obtained from the Adana station of Turkish State Meteorology Service. The soil and crop data were sourced from Turkey’s directorate of agricultural research and policies. The dates, amounts, effective rainfall, net irrigation requirement (NIR), and yield decrease for rainfed and different irrigated conditions were all calculated using the CROPWAT 8.0 model. The findings indicated that the average reference evapotranspiration (ETo), crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for cotton and effective rainfall were 918.9 mm, 809.5 mm, and 149.4 mm respectively. It was also estimated that the dates of irrigation after planting (DAP) were 72 days, 101 days, 131 days and 170 days. The total quantity of water utilized for irrigation throughout the growing season at critical depletion and user defined were 700 mm and 545 mm respectively, thus 155 mm of water was saved (22%). Data of maximum crop yield obtained at critical depletion by CROPWAT was associated with data from Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) (2014-2020) and TUIK data is compared with CROPWAT data which was estimated under rainfed condition. According to the result 51% of yield reduction was simulated when irrigation was not applied.

Processed chicken meat products are more susceptible to oxidative deterioration which reduces the quality and safety of the product, therefore, the need to include antioxidants during processing order delay its processes. Chicken meat (from live broiler birds procured from the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan) was ground through a 5 mm plate of a meat mincer. Ingredients such as red pepper, black pepper, garlic, onions, salt, refined vegetable oil (Grand soya oil®) ice flakes and Lemon Grass Leaf Powder (LGLP) were added and mixed thoroughly with chicken meat for homogeneity. There were four treatment groups: T1 = (0g LGLP), T2 = (2g LGLP), T3 = (4g LGLP), T4 = (6g LGLP). Each batch was oven cooked separately and replicated three times. Proximate composition (%), sensory characteristics (9-point hedonic scale), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS MDAµg/g) were assessed and data generated were analysed using ANOVA @ P<0.05). Moisture 51.24 (6gLGLP) was significantly higher than 52.69 (4gLGLP), 53.04(2gLGLP) and 54.69 (0gLGLP); fat 16.09 (2gLGLP) is similar with 17.19 (4g LGLP) and lower than 15.89 (0gLGLP) but lower than 17.48 (6gLGLP) (P<0.05). Crude protein 19.52 (4gLGLP) is similar to 18.10 (2gLGLP) and 19.18 (6gLGLP) but significantly higher than 17.85 (0gLGLP). The hardness 2983.81kg (0gLGLP) and 3442.86kg (2gLGLP) were similar but lower than 5395.55kg (4gLGLP) and 5523.17kg (6gLGLP) (P>0.05). Chewiness 2790.83kg (0gLGLP) is not different from 3413.43kg (2gLGLP) and 5315.52 (4gLGLP) but higher (P<0.05) than 5523.10kg (6gLGLP) (P>0.05). No significant variation exists in the sensory characteristics among chicken meatballs. The TBARS 1.74 (6gLGLP) is lower than 1.80 (4gLGLP), 1.86 (2gLGLP) and 1.84 (0gLGLP). Utilisation of different levels of lemongrass leaf powder in chicken meat balls production increased the nutrition and improved the lipid oxidation stability of the product during refrigerated storage.

Reproductive biotechnology in Bangladesh, especially artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo production, has significantly advanced in cattle, goats, and buffaloes. AI, introduced in 1958, plays a crucial role in livestock breeding, particularly dairy cattle, with 70% AI coverage. Programs by organizations like Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), Milk Vita, and government initiatives have helped to improve genetic quality and address the shortage of breeding males. Conception rates vary by species: cattle (45.33-83%), goats (40.0-88.89%), sheep (26.7-56.37%), and buffaloes (25 to 56.7%), depending on factors such as semen quality, heat detection, timing, thawing, and technician skills. Hormonal treatments (GnRH, PGF2α) and synchronization methods (cloprostenol, FGA, double AI) have improved reproductive outcomes. IVF technologies promise to goat embryo production, especially with bovine serum albumin (BSA). IVF also holds potential for genetic improvement and the preservation of animal genetic resources. Optimized IVF techniques, oocyte vitrification, and hormonal treatments have improved fertility in cattle, buffaloes, goats, and sheep. Buffaloes have benefited from supplements like BSA, Stem Cell Factor, and Theophylline, while goats have seen optimized embryo production using goat follicular fluid and ovaries without a corpus luteum. Despite progress, challenges remain, including a shortage of skilled technicians, high costs, and limited infrastructure. Smallholder farmers struggle to access modern reproductive technologies and quality semen. The future of reproductive biotechnology in Bangladesh depends on expanding AI, IVF, estrous synchronization, and semen sexing. Investment in training, infrastructure, supportive policies, public-private partnerships and financial incentives, is crucial to enhance productivity, genetic diversity, and sustainability in the livestock sector. Addressing these areas will ensure a transformative impact on livestock productivity, rural livelihoods, and national economic growth.

Spartium junceum L. is a plant traditionally used for different medicinal purposes. While limited research data explicates its antioxidizing ability, interest in this plant is induced mainly due to its possible role, especially against stress-causing oxidative effects. The objectives of this study were to compare antioxidant activity in flowers and leaves of Spartium junceum L., as well as time under different storage conditions implemented for antioxidative mechanisms. Spartium junceum L. plants were obtained from the Kahramanmaras, Turkey region; subsequently, the flowering and leaf parts of the plant were separated and analyzed. Plant homogenates were prepared, and the activities of SOD and CAT enzymes, as well as MDA levels, were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Enzyme activity upon storage at +4°C, -20°C, and -70° temperature enzyme samples were carried out separately and operated for less than one month in our laboratory. Flowers exhibited higher SOD and CAT activities than leaves. Flowers also showed higher levels of MDA. It may be due to the structural and biochemical differences, where flowers experience extra oxidative stress. The optimal enzyme retention under storage conditions was at -70°C, and a decrease in temperature increased the stability of this biocatalyst. In contrast, MDA levels increased at low temperatures at total capacity. The antioxidant properties of the flower extract had stronger antioxidant potential than those of the leaf part, which also means that chemically active substances show much higher concentrations in this plant section. Storage temperature significantly affects the stability of enzymes, and it was stated that low temperatures mainly maintain antioxidant activity. The results obtained from this study recommend Spartium junceum L. as a valuable antioxidant food resource.

In this study, the effects of pre-slaughter fasting periods (8, 12, and 16 h) on stress levels, body weight loss, slaughter, carcass, and meat quality characteristics were investigated in broiler chickens with different growth rates (medium and fast-growing). In the experiment, 15 male and 15 female broilers each from the ANADOLU-T A1 (medium growing) dam line and ROSS-308 hybrid (fast growing) at 42 days of age were used. Body weight losses did not differ significantly among fasting periods, but medium-growing broilers exhibited higher body weight losses across all fasting groups (P<0.05). The carcass yield was higher in fast-growing broilers (P<0.05), while abdominal fat ratios were higher in medium-growing broilers (P<0.05). The amount of residual feed in the gizzard, digestive system, and gizzard ratios decreased with increasing fasting duration (P<0.05). Digestive system ratios also differed between genotypes (P<0.05). An increase in breast ratio was observed with longer fasting periods (P<0.05). On the other hand, the fast-growing genotype had higher breast ratios, lower wing ratios, lower back ratios, and lower neck ratios (P<0.05). Fasting periods did not significantly affect the L*, a*, and b* color values of breast and thigh meat, but differences between genotypes were significant, with higher values observed in the fast-growing genotype (P<0.05). Breast pH values did not differ among fasting periods but were higher in the fast-growing genotype (P<0.05). Thigh pH values, however, varied significantly between fasting periods and genotypes (P<0.05). The medium-growing genotype had higher thigh pH values, and thigh pH increased with longer fasting periods (P<0.05). White striping and woody breast scores in breast muscles were higher in the fast-growing genotype, with partial increases observed as fasting duration increased. In conclusion, the results indicate that a 12-h pre-slaughter fasting period is sufficient for digestive tract clearance and carcass quality. However, meat quality defects in fast-growing genotypes should be monitored.

The aim of the present study was to determine the the effects of carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration on conception rate in breeding season Lacaune ewes. Sixty-two Lacaune ewes were used in the study. On day 0, an intravaginal sponge containing 20 mg flugestone acetate was inserted and left in place for 10 days. On day 10, the sponges were removed, and each ewe received an intramuscular injection of eCG at a dose of 480 IU. Ewes in estrus were mated with a proven rams (ewe:ram ratio of 5:1). Fifty-nine mated ewes were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment. In the carazolol group (n = 30), ewes received an intramuscular injection of carazolol (0.01 mg/kg; Simpanorm, Fatro, Italy) on the day of estrus, post-mating. In the control group (n = 29), ewes were not administered any treatment. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted in all ewes on days 30 and 60 post-mating using transabdominal ultrasonography with a Hitachi EUB-405 device equipped with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. The estrus rate, conception rate, total pregnancy rate, and early fetal death rate were evaluated across all groups. The study results indicated no statistically significant differences between the control group and the carazolol group regarding conception rates (62.1% vs. 66.7%) and total pregnancy rates (79.3% vs. 83.3%). In addition, as a result of repeated ultrasound examinations, no early fetal death was found in the study. In conclusion, carazolol injection during mating following progestagen + eCG administration did not increase on fertility in breeding season Lacaune ewes.