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Impact of Plant Clinics on Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice With Plant Health Issues 全文
2019
Raj K Adhikari | Punya P Regmi | Resham B Thapa | Yubak D. GC | Eric Boa
Plant clinics in Nepal has been started in 2008 and has coverage in more than 40 districts of Nepal. A study has been conducted in Chitwan district of Nepal to assess the changes on farmer’s knowledge attitude and practice due to implementation of plant clinics. Total of 175 clinic attendants and 175 non-attendants were selected by simple random sampling method and interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire. By and large, this study found wider positive changes among clinic attendants than non-attendants especially on their knowledge and skills to identity pests and diseases with their causes and practice appropriate remedial measures against those problems. The study revealed positive impact to by increasing knowledge and skillset among attending farmers to assess the season of disease and pest occurrence, estimate economic threshold level as well as preventive and curative measures against the plant health problems. Plant clinic has made impressive positive changes on adoption of recommended dose of pesticides and organic control methods among attendants than non-attendants. The level of awareness and adoption of waiting period after pesticide use was found higher among attendants than non-attendants.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Fish Consumption Preferences of Consumers and Determination of Criteria Affecting Fish Consumption by Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHS) Method (Tokat Province of Almus District) 全文
2019
Berrin Dal | Halil Kızılaslan | Tarık Dal
Fish Consumption Preferences of Consumers and Determination of Criteria Affecting Fish Consumption by Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHS) Method (Tokat Province of Almus District) 全文
2019
Berrin Dal | Halil Kızılaslan | Tarık Dal
In this study, fish consumption preferences of the families living in the district of Almus in Tokat province and the factors that are effective in choosing them were investigated. In the scope of the study, the data obtained from face-to-face interviews with households were used. In the study, consumers prefer which of the alternatives of rainbow trout (Oncahorynchus myciss), carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) and spring fish (Silurus glanis) consumed most of the fish species found in Almus Dam Lake, and the importance level of consumer preference in this choice. the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was determined by the AHS method. Criteria consist of price, nutritional value, taste, freshness, bone condition, sold place, habit, hunting, aquaculture. It has been determined that the most attention is paid to the freshness (0.175) in the direction of the findings and that the criteria of taste (0.136), sold place (0.133) and food value (0.122) follow. In the preference of fish consumption, Rainbow Trout criterion was given priority with 48% points. İt is aimed to determine the importance level of the criteria that are effective in consumers ‘preference of fish consumption in the direction of obtained findings and to be a guide for fish farmers and sellers.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Efecto del origen, la época de recolección y la edad de las hojas en el rendimiento y el contenido de timol de aceites esenciales de Lippia origanoides H.B.K. 全文
2012
Arango-Bedoya, Oscar(Universidad de Nariño Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial Grupo de Investigación Tecnologías Emergentes en Agroindustria (TEA)) | Hurtado-Benavides, Andrés Mauricio(Universidad de Nariño Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial Grupo de Investigación Tecnologías Emergentes en Agroindustria (TEA)) | Toro-Suárez, Inés(Corpoica)
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the origin (4 localities), the plant's leaves age (young and mature) and the season (rainy and dry season) on the essential oil's (EOs) yield and thymol content of Lippia origanoides growing wild in the Alto Patía region (south-west of Colombia). The extractions were performed through microwave-assisted hydrodistillation technique (MWHD) and the EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography. Yields of EOs varied between 2.5 and 3.3% and were obtained where the origin factor showed statistical differences (P< 0.05) over the yielding. Taking into account the thymol content, differences related to the season were observed. The highest thymol content in the EOs were obtained in the dry season. The major compounds identified in the EOs were thymol (50.8 - 81.6%), r-cymene (7.5 - 19.5%) and g-terpinene (2.3 - 7.4%). | En este estudio se evaluó el efecto del origen (cuatro zonas), la época de recolección (lluviosa y seca) y la edad de las hojas (jóvenes y maduras) sobre el rendimiento y el contenido de timol del aceite esencial (AE) de plantas de Lippia origanoides, que crecen en estado silvestre en la región del Alto Patía al suroccidente de Colombia. Las extracciones de AE se realizaron mediante la técnica de hidro-destilación asistida por radiación de microondas (MWHD) y fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases. Los rendimientos de AE variaron entre 2.53 y 3.28% y sólo se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) para la zona de origen de las plantas. Para el contenido de timol se observaron diferencias relacionadas con la época de recolección, siendo mayor el contenido en las muestras recolectadas en época seca. Los compuestos principales identificados en los AE fueron timol (50.8 - 81.6%), r-cimeno (7.5 - 19.5%) y g-terpineno (2.3 - 7.4%).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Use of Different Statistic Approaches on Variability in Hydrologic Variables 全文
2019
Kadri Yürekli | Müberra Erdoğan | Ömer Faruk Karaca
The unnatural change in the globe under influence of devastating global warming has been quashing the overall functioning of ecosystem since industrial revolution. Thus, the human-induced disaster caused by proportional increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has affected the normal functioning of hydrologic cycle. Under the undesirable condition, the amount of hydrologic variables began to diverge over time. Hydrologic variable should be homogeneous for the reliability of hydraulic structure while predicting necessary design criteria for its construction. Therefore, the test of whether this requirement is true should be performed in the context of any given hydrologic data’s homogeneity before being passed to the implementation of statistical approaches to the data. The study carried out in Yesilirmak basin was realized on homogeneity of seasonal maximum streamflow data from eight gauging stations operated by The General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI). Yesilirmak River basin area is approximately 5% of surface area of Turkey. Yesilirmak River is one of the major rivers of Turkey and its long is 519 kilometers. There are three main tributaries of the Yesilirmak River, named as Kelkit, Cekerek and Tersakan. Its water is mostly used for purposes as irrigation, drinking, fisheries and wildlife. The parametric and non-parametric procedures, called as standard normal homogeneity, Pettitt, Buishand range and von Neuman ratio were used for this reason. Statistically significant inhomogeneity with respect to the all of the statistic tests taken into account in the study was detected in the considered streamflow data sequences presented.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Probiotic Yeasts and the Role of Yeasts in Probiotic Foods 全文
2019
Eda Kılıç Kanak | Suzan Öztürk Yılmaz
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that provide beneficial effects when consumed in sufficient quantities. Currently available probiotics are bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus. In recent years, yeast has presented great potential for the development of new probiotics. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii is the only yeast that has been recognized and characterized as probiotic until today. This raises the question of whether other yeast species have probiotic properties. Recent investigations show that some species with probiotic evidence are Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia kudriavzeii, except S. cerevisiae. Most of the enzymes produced by the preserved yeast are involved in the metabolism of complex compounds in foods, thus forming the nutritional value and organoleptic properties of fermented foods. EFSA has given the QPS statue, the "food additive," only a few yeasts. In order to verify interesting properties, probiotic working of yeasts needs to be examined in more detail.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organizmaların Tespiti ve Ölçümünde Kullanılan Farklı Gerçek Zamanlı PCR Kimyasallarının Karşılaştırılması 全文
2019
Leyla Bener | Mustafa Ersal | Berkant İ. Yıldız
Gerçek zamanlı kantitatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (q-PCR), hem gen ekspresyonu analizinde hem de rutin Deoksiribo Nükleik Asit (DNA) ölçümünde nükleik asit miktarının belirlenmesi için kullanılan ileri moleküler bir yöntemdir. Gıda ve yem ürünlerinde genetiği değiştirilmiş organizma (GDO) kalıntıları için etiketleme eşiğinin Japonya’da %5, Avrupa Birliği’nde ise %0,9 olduğu göz önüne alındığında, doğru bir ölçüm metodu şarttır. GDO bileşenlerinin tespiti, kesin miktar tayini ve besin matrislerinde eser miktardaki kalıntısının tespit edilmesi q-PCR’da mümkündür. Bu amaçla çeşitli q-PCR kimyasalları kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar; interkalasyon boyaları, primer bazlı kimyasallar ve prob bazlı kimyasallar olarak üç gruba ayrılmaktadır. Marketlerde GDO ürünlerinin artan sayısıyla birlikte, her örnek için gerçekleştirilen analiz sayısı ve bu nedenle analiz maliyetleri artmaktadır. Bunun için GDO çalışmalarında, GDO’ların varlığının miktarını belirlemede hızlı ve ekonomik olan uygulanabilir taramalar yapılabilmesi için geliştirilmiş tespit yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, q-PCR kimyaları ekonomikliği, verimliliği ve uygulanabilirliği açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles in Terms of Their Use in Biomedical Applications 全文
2019
Burcu Biterge-Süt | Elif Canpolat
Recently nanotechnology has become an integral part of modern biomedical applications. Accordingly, nanoparticles are considered as promising components for the development of innovative tags, probes, biosensors and carrier molecules for drug delivery. Spherical colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prime candidates to be utilized for these purposes due to their useful physical properties. However, in order for the gold nanoparticles to be used in nanomedicine, their biological properties should be extensively studied as well. Therefore, in this paper we chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles and studied their physical and biological characteristics to determine their potential use in medicine. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution with sodium citrate. The physical properties of the AuNPs were determined by UV–vis spectrophotometer and Zetasizer readings. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated via disk diffusion method. We found that the AuNPs were monodisperse, stable and not prone to aggregation with an average size of 22.12 nm and an emission band at 522 nm. The disk diffusion tests revealed that the gold nanoparticles did not have a significant growth inhibitory effect on the pathogens tested. In conclusion, here we showed the successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a safe and non-toxic method. Furthermore, our evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles suggests that these molecules could be considered as biologically safe molecules for future medical applications.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Use an Organic Biostimulant (Vermicompost Tea) For Enhancement In Vıtro Callus Growth in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) 全文
2019
Ramazan Beyaz | Fevziye Şüheyda Hepşen Türkay
Use an Organic Biostimulant (Vermicompost Tea) For Enhancement In Vıtro Callus Growth in Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) 全文
2019
Ramazan Beyaz | Fevziye Şüheyda Hepşen Türkay
The health and vitality of callus growth is one of the prerequisites for the success of further in vitro studies. This study investigated the efficiency of different percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of vermicompost tea as an organic substance on in vitro callus growth in sainfoin. Morpho-physiological responses of calli to vermicompost tea measured under in vitro conditions. As a result of this investigation, a combination of plant growth regulators (4 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA) with 20% of vermicompost tea causing significant callus initiation and growth in sainfoin stem explants. Under the light of these scientific findings, vermicompost tea might be used as an organic bio stimulant for efficient callus growth and complementary to commercial chemical hormones in sainfoin. This research is important due to it can contribute positively to the plant species that are difficult in terms of callus growth and plant regeneration in tissue culture.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PRELIMINARY STUDIES FOR HEMP CONCRETE 全文
2023
Adasm, Laurentiu | Isopescu, Dorina-Nicolina | Judele, Loredana | Bucur, Roxana Dana | Lepadatu, Daniel
Waste is a major worldwide problem and its recycling has become mandatory in the current context of the decrease in natural resources. The management of recyclable waste improves the efficiency of any economic activities and the impact on the environment decreases proportionally to the quantities reused. With a significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions, the construction sector is one of the largest consumers of energy and raw materials. Hemp, and other biomass waste, are by-products in agriculture, making important contributions to the development of ecological materials by incorporating important quantities of such recyclable waste. This paper presents a series of different hemp concrete compositions that aim to obtain the optimum ratio between the binder and hemp shiv, in order to determine the inflection point towards which the delimitation can be made between insulating materials and materials with improved mechanical resistance. The importance of the work is given by the fact that, until now, the optimal proportion between the binder and hemp wood chips has not been demonstrated. This turning point must be justified by a variation of the mechanical resistance or a variation of the heat transfer coefficient, through the conductivity of the obtained samples. After preliminary testing, the statistical analysis will allow identification of the specific quantities needed to improve the physical-mechanical performance of the hemp-concrete recipe. Thus, by adding a justified amount of binder, an ecological material based on vegetable waste from agricultural crops is obtained. The material will have thermo-mechanical properties designed for a specific situation, required by the minimum performance imposed by the destination for which it will be made.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]TR72 Bölgesinde (Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat ) Organik Tavukçuluk Ürünlerinin Tüketimini Etkileyen Faktörler 全文
2019
Hüdaverdi Bircan | Hasan Eleroğlu | Zafer Kartal
Tavukçuluk ürünlerinin tüketimi üzerine sosyo-ekonomik koşulların etkisini belirlemek üzere yapılan bu araştırma sonucunda elde edilecek veriler, üretimin şekillenmesine etki edecek, pazarlamanın yapılmasında yaşanan tıkanıklığın giderilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırma; gelişmişlik düzeyi farklı bölgelerde, değişik yaş, gelir, eğitim düzeyi ve meslek gruplarındaki tüketicilerin, organik tavukçuluk ürünlerinin tüketimini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kayseri, Sivas ve Yozgat illerinde (TR 72 Bölgesi) bulunan üç ilde toplam 1350 (Kayseri 500, Sivas 450, Yozgat 400) örnekleme yüz yüze anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Ankete katılanların cinsiyet, yaş grubu, eğitim düzeyleri, gelir durumları gibi demografik özellikleri dikkate alınarak, organik ürün tercihini etkileyen faktörler ve görüşlerini belirlemek üzere yapılan analizin tüketimi üzerine etkisinin değişimi TR72 bölgesi bazında incelenmiştir. Meslek bazında katılımcıların organik ürün tercihini etkileyen fiyat, besin değeri, güvenli olması, sağlığa zararlı olmaması ve doğal ve ekolojik olması tüm meslek grupları tarafından oldukça önemli bulunmuştur. Tüm faktörler bazında meslek gruplarının değerlendirmesi arasında fark önemli (P
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Assessing Fruit Tree Species Diversity in Home Garden Agro-Forestry and Their Role Supporting Local People’s Livelihoods in Burie District, Ethiopia 全文
2019
Alebachew Abebe Alemu | Habtamu Kiros | Eba Muluneh Sorecha
Assessing Fruit Tree Species Diversity in Home Garden Agro-Forestry and Their Role Supporting Local People’s Livelihoods in Burie District, Ethiopia 全文
2019
Alebachew Abebe Alemu | Habtamu Kiros | Eba Muluneh Sorecha
Clearing of natural ecosystems and land degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices are becoming threats to the sustainability and productivity of agricultural systems in Burie town administrative, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is therefore to assess the fruit tree species diversity in home garden agro-forestry and their role for supporting local people’s livelihoods in Burie town administration. Cultivated plants of 72 home gardens were surveyed and critical information were collected through questioner and focus group discussion from 12 households. Fruit tree species diversity (expressed in species richness and evenness) in home gardens in the study sites was determined using the Shannon-Weiner Index. The study basically considers the human consumption fruit trees species. A total of 18 fruit tree species represented by 9-genera and 7-families were recorded in home garden agro-forestry within the three wealth status (poor, medium, and rich) of the selected respondents commonly. From all wealth categories, the highest Shannon diversity index was recorded in rich and the lowest was in poor class category. Similarly, the highest species evenness was recorded in rich wealth category. However, there was no significant difference among rich and medium wealth categories for species richness. The study also revealed that age, land hold size, education status is the cause for species diversity in addition to the wealth status in the study area. Older respondents had significantly higher species richness and diversity than youngsters. It has been also found that almost all (100%) of the sampled households harvest and use at least four types of home garden products for various purposes. Lacks of management practices were the factors which puts the species diversity in question in the study area.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Identificación y evaluación de pérdidas en cosecha mecanizada en el cultivo del sorgo Sorehum bicolor (L.) Moench en los municipios de Palmira y Candelaria 全文
1995
Herrán Jaramillo, Yolanda Liliana | Londoño Callejas, Julio Eduardo | Herrera Gutiérrez, Oscar Alonso
A trial on tour farms, located in the municipalities of Palmira and Candelaria, from february to July in 1993 was carried out in order to: Identify machinery systems which cause the most losses; and - evaluate the causes and quantify the losses given rise to by the use of machinery in the mechanized harvest of four sorghum cultivars. Using the methology proposed by CHAPARRO (1986), which was partially modified, it was achieved detection of losses in cutting systems, in the threshing, parting and cleaning, in addition to grain lost in other parts. The threshing system was seen to produce the greatest losses due to the excessive wearing of parts in this system, also as a result of poor calibration in a technical sense. The total losses calculated show values of up to 215 kg/ha and more than 10% of the total harvest. Given the representative nature of these farms, considered typical for the Cauca Valley, due to their size and their level of mechanization and technology, it can be inferred that similar high losses are being produced across the board, in this area. | En el período comprendido entre febrero y julio de 1993, se realizó un ensayo en cuatro fincas localizadas en los Municipios de Palmira y Candelaria, Departamento del Valle del Cauca, con el fin de identificar las pérdidas y los sistemas de las máquinas que presentan los valores más elevados, evaluar sus causas y cuantificar las pérdidas totales debidas a las máquinas, en la cosecha mecanizada de cuatro cultivares de sorgo. Utilizando la metodología propuesta, por CHAPARRO (1986), parcialmente modificada en este estudio, se lograron detectar pérdidas en los sistemas de corte, trilla, separación y limpieza, además de fugas de grano en otros componentes, siendo el sistema de trilla el que presentó las mayores pérdidas debido al desgaste excesivo de las piezas de este sistema o a una calibración poco técnica del mismo; las pérdidas totales debidas a máquinas presentaron valores hasta de 215 kg/ha y niveles superiores al 10%. Dado el tamaño y el alto grado de tecnificación de las tincas de este estudio, que las hace representativas del sistema de producción local, se infiere que en la zona se pueden estar presentando pérdidas elevadas por este concepto, al cual no se le está dedicando la atención debida.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Çiftçilerin Ürün Desenlerine Karar Vermelerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Samsun İli Bafra İlçesi Sebze Yetiştiricileri Örneği 全文
2019
Nur İlkay Abacı | Kürşat Demiryürek
Çiftçilerin tarım sektörünün doğal yapısından kaynaklanan birçok unsuru dikkate alarak çeşitli ürünler arasından kendilerine en uygun olanını nasıl seçtikleri ve üretimine nasıl karar verdiklerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Samsun ili Bafra ilçesindeki sebze yetiştiricilerinin ürün desenlerine karar verirken etkilendikleri faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 122 çiftçi ile anket yapılmıştır. Çiftçilerin ürün desenlerine karar verirken etkilendikleri faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla, incelenen literatürden yararlanılarak ve araştırmacı tarafından yapılan pilot çalışmalardan hareketle sosyal ve kişisel, ekonomik, fiziksel ve iklim koşullarından kaynaklı faktörleri içine alan 67 madde tespit edilmiştir. Çiftçilerin düşüncelerini yansıtan ifadeler Likert tipi beşli bir ölçeklendirmeye göre puanlanmıştır. Araştırmada istatistiksel işlemler sırasına göre iç tutarlılık katsayılarının belirlenmesi, açıklayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bulgular sunulmuştur. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda toplam varyansın %57,74’ünü açıklayan; ürün özellikleri, fiziksel özellikler, işletme özellikleri, doğal faktörler, sulama özellikleri ve işgücü özellikleri olarak altı faktör grubu ortaya çıkmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgulara göre çiftçilerin ürün desenlerini planlarken etkilendikleri en önemli faktör ürün özelliği ile ilişkilidir. Ancak, çiftçiler üretecekleri ürünlere karar verirken sadece ürün özelliklerinden değil aynı zamanda ellerinde olmayan farklı koşullardan etkilenmektedirler. Dolayısıyla çiftçilerin kararlarını etkileyen faktörler arasında davranış özelliklerinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
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