Bu çalışma yumurtlayan bıldırcın rasyonlarında farklı seviyelerde beyaz sorgum danesi (BSD) kullanımının performansa, kabuk kalitesine, yumurta iç kalitesine ve yumurta sarısı renk parametrelerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 168 adet dişi Japon bıldırcını her birinde 3 adet bıldırcın bulunan 8 tekerrürlü 7 muamele grubuna rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Muamele rasyonları %0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 ve 50 seviyesinde BSD kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Rasyonda %5 seviyesinde BSD kullanılan grubun yem tüketimi %30, 40 ve 50 seviyesinde BSD kullanılan gruba göre önemli derecede yüksek olmuş (P<0.01), ancak diğer performans parametreleri beyaz sorgum kullanımından etkilenmemiştir (P>0.05). Yumurta kabuk kalite parametrelerinden hasarlı yumurta oranı ve kabuk kalınlığı muamele gruplarından önemli derecede etkilenmiş ve hasarlı yumurta oranı %50 BSD seviyesinde önemli derece artmıştır. Yumurta iç kalite parametrelerinden sarı indeksi %5, 10 ve 20 seviyelerinde BSD kullanımı ile önemli derecede artmıştır (P<0,01). Yumurta sarısı renk parametreleri rasyonda BSD kullanımından etkilenmiş ve kontrol grubu (%0) ile karşılaştırıldığında Roche skala skoru %40, a* değeri %5 ve b* değeri %20 seviyesinden itibaren önemli derecede düşmüştür. Yumurta sarısı L* değeri ise kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında %40 ve 50 seviyelerinde BSD kullanımı ile önemli derecede artmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre; bıldırcınların performansı ve yumurta kalitesi dikkate alındığında BSD’nin bıldırcınların rasyonlarında %30 seviyesine kadar kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

The cultivation and the usage of maize have been significantly increased across all provinces of Rwanda. Nevertheless, the problem of aflatoxin contamination remains a major factor that renders them to be unfit for animal and human consumption. In this research, the effects of drying methods (sun drying, kitchen drying, dry shelter) post aflatoxin infection in maize were evaluated in Northern Rwanda. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used with maize variety (H628) with drying methods as the main plot. Maize samples were tested for aflatoxin using aflatest. In both seasons (2021 A and 2021 B) the aflatoxin results show that the aflatoxin infection levels were lower in maize dried with kitchen drying (1.4 ppb) compared to the samples dried with sun drying (1.6 ppb) and dry shelter (2.2). Also, it was seen that the three drying methods are good for reducing the aflatoxin infection levels lower than 10 ppb as standards limit for East African countries. The aflatoxin infection levels were found to be significant (≤10 ppb) as results of kitchen drying than sun drying and dry shelter methods. This research resulted that proper drying such as drying maize on kitchen fire (kitchen drying) produce the lower level of aflatoxin infection in maize.

Most of the dry zone forests in Sri Lanka are arisen after unsustainable farming practices. Therefore, the natural regeneration of plant species in these forests reported to be very poor due to the reduced soil fertility. This study was conducted to find possible measures for the successful seed germination and seedling establishment of common dry zone forest tree species by sustainable soil fertility management. A pot trial was carried out in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka. The experiment comprised of 128 pots and four replicates. Pots were assigned with different soil fertility managements: T0: control (Top soil only), T1: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), T2: a traditional mixed microbial culture (Jeewamurthum), T3: Compost, T4: Biochar, T5: T1+T2, T6: T1+T3, T7: T1+T4; and different forest plant species: Manilkara hexandra, Feronia limonia, Pterospermum conscens and Bauhinia racemosa. Seed germination percentage was measured two weeks after sowing, and shoot biomass, relative plant growth rate, and AMF colonization percentage were measured after four months of germination. The results revealed that inoculation of AMF enhance the seed germination percentage of all the selected plant species. Both sole and combined application of AMF and compost gives more benefits to all the tested plant species by enhancing all the measured growth parameters. The findings of present study would be useful in reforestation programs of dry zone forests in Sri Lanka by practicing sustainable procedures.

Staphylococcus aureus can cause foodborne poisoning and can form biofilms, reducing enterotoxin production and the penetration rate of antibiotics. Therefore, infections and poisonings caused by S. aureus can be difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance levels of S. aureus isolates obtained from raw milk and the presence of biofilm and mecA gene and to reveal the risk to public health. S. aureus was isolated in 30 (30%) of 100 raw milk samples obtained from Van province. A total of 48 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 30 samples. All 48 isolates (100%) obtained were resistant to penicillin G and cefoxitin, 4 (8.33%) to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol, and 25 (52.08%) to erythromycin. All of the isolates (100%) were found to be susceptible to ceftriaxone. In addition, 26 (54.16%) of the obtained isolates were found to be resistant to at least 3 antibiotics. The strains found to be resistant to penicillin and cefoxitin were also intermediate to at least one of the antibiotics. Biofilm genes were detected in 18 of the S. aureus isolates (37.5%). Twelve of the biofilm-forming isolates contain icaA (66.6%), 3 contain icaD (16.6%) and the other 3 contain bap genes (16.6%). Three of the isolates contain icaA and icaD genes and the other three isolates contain icaA and bap genes together. It was determined that only 2 of the isolates contained the mecA gene. The isolates containing the mecA gene also contained the icaA and icaD genes. In conclusion, the fact that S. aureus isolates had high antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming genes, and methicillin resistance genes showed that raw milk may be a serious public health problem.

In recent years, agricultural machinery for precision agriculture has made extensive use of information and communication technologies. An Android-based module was developed in this study to allow the nozzles on the field sprayer booms to be opened and closed as a group. The developed module was tested on a 24 m working width field sprayer, controlling 48 pairs of nozzles in 4-8 groups based on GPS position data. For control, an electronic control unit and an application developed in the Android operating system were used. Wireless communication between the electronic control card and the developed software is provided via Bluetooth.  The module, which was created through laboratory and field trials, was successfully tested.

The chokeberry plant, which is native to North America and the south of Canada, is a deciduous, shrub-shaped, berry-like plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which survives for many years. It is seen as a plant that adapts easily to almost every climatic condition and soil and has many beneficial properties for health. Within the scope of this study, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water extracts were prepared from the fruits collected from the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott plant, which is cultivated in the Kırklareli region. The chemical contents of the obtained extracts were clarified by high performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, p-coumaric acid were found in the extracts, and ethyl acetate extract was found to have the richest phenolic substance profile. Malvin anthocyanin compound was detected only in methanol extract.

An efficient seed marketing system is very crucial for boosting vegetable production in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the vegetable seed marketing channels in Bangladesh including profit margins of various traders and different problems faced by them. Primary data from 45 vegetable farmers and 30 seed traders in Rajshahi district were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and profitability analysis were employed, while problem confrontation index (PCI) was used to rank the problems. The findings revealed that vegetable seeds were traded through six major marketing channels. Private agents supply the majority of seeds where dealers, wholesalers, retailers and farmers were the key actors in the channels. However, rural market traders had the highest marketing margin and terminal market traders had the lowest. BCR for terminal market traders was 1.53 that is highest among the traders’ categories where BCR for rural market traders was lowest (1.36). Lack of bank loan facilities, inadequate capital, lack of separate market place, and lack of technical know-how were the major ranked problems faced by traders. The study recommends providing credit facilities to the traders, arranging a separated market place and proper training to increase technical knowledge.

Since prehistoric times, humans have relied on plants for a wide variety of needs, including sustenance, shelter, thermal regulation, and medical treatment. Plants are significant organics because of the many ways they may be put to use. The white radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin) was tested for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as were its tuber and aerial portions. A soxhlet was used to extract ethanol from plant material. The antioxidant and oxidant capacities were tested with the use of Rel Assay TAS and TOS kits. The agar dilution technique was used to test for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and fungus included in the experiment. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the tuber extract of the plant was measured as 6.698±0.187, the TOS value as 5.609±0.245 and the OSI value as 0.084±0.002. The TAS value of the herbal aerial parts extract was 4.689±0.223, the TOS value was 3.746±0.128, and the OSI value was 0.080±0.003. Inhibition of tuber extract was observed at concentrations varying between 25-100 against bacterial strains and 200 µg/mL against fungal strains. Aerial parts extract showed inhibition against bacterial strains at concentrations varying between 100-200 and against fungus strains at concentrations ranging from 200-400 µg/mL. As a result, it was determined that the white radish plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

The research was conducted in the year of 2021-2022 in Burera and Musanze District in Northern province as well as Rubavu District in Western Province with the aim of assessing the yield loss in common beans due to anthracnose by using four cultivars with various levels of resistance in field conditions in environment of Northwestern of Rwanda. Randomized complete block design as experiment design was used in this study where each selected cultivar was grown and the yield loss caused by anthracnose was assessed. A level of significance of P<0.05 . In field trials, on the particularly susceptible cultivar Gikundiro 2 particulary showed the maximum harm in terms of incidence and severity in both infection circumstances. The severity of pod infection ranging from 3-9 (0-) resulted in reduction in quantity of seeds which contain a pod ranging from 10.52 % -57.76 % and the loss in weight of seeds per pods ranging from 21.93 % - 68.77 %, both demonstrated a direct impact on seed yield. However, determinate cultivars showed a greater drop in yield (58.5%) than indeterminate cultivars (10.52%) although both were sensitive, based on this research, anthracnose causes economic yield loss on variety Gikundiro 2 and Vuzimpundu.

Although concepts such as global climate crisis and global warming, which are frequently used with the industrial revolution, did not make people very nervous before, countries and scientists have begun to think more about this issue today. Recently, with this climate crisis, another crisis deepened by Covid-19, wars and economic problems has been brought to the agenda: The Global Food Crisis. The possibility that people's economic and ecological conditions cannot reach enough and always the same amount of food is becoming increasingly unsettling. With these conditions, it is foreseen that people will include edible herbs in their natural habitats in their menus, as they did in the countryside from time immemorial. There are different studies on natural edible herbs in different disciplines, but there are very few studies evaluating these herbs from a gastronomic point of view. Studies such as the dissemination of traditional knowledge about natural edible herbs and the preparation of recipes for foods and beverages made with these plants are studies that can also find response in fields such as economy, sociology, tourism, health and agriculture. Carrying out all these studies in combination can also contribute to healty and gastronomy-themed tourism. For this reason, in our study, studies on natural edible herbs in Türkiye  were compiled and evaluated in a way to cover ancient times and today and different disciplines. As a result of the evaluation, natural edible plants that came to the fore in previous studies and our study were determined and information about the food parts of these plants, their usage areas and usage patterns were given.