Bu çalışma, Şavak Akkaraman koyunlarının sütlerinde ve yemlerinde bazı kimyasal parametrelerin incelenmesi, ağır metallerden kurşun (Pb), kadmiyum (Cd), cıva (Hg), bakır (Cu) ve arsenik (As) düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve yemin, süt üzerindeki ağır metal içeriğine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süt örneklerinde kuru madde (%17,63), ham kül (%1,03), ham protein (%5,69), ham yağ (%5,62), yağsız kuru madde (%12,01), asitlik (%0,34 L.A.) ve pH (6,62) değerlerinin ortalamaları belirlenirken, yem örneklerinde ise kuru madde (%92,08), ham kül (%7,63), ham protein (%7,56), ham yağ (%2,00), ham selüloz (%22,82) ve nötral deterjan fiber (NDF) (%43,30) değerlerinin ortalamaları tespit edilmiştir. Şavak Akkaraman koyunlarına ait süt örneklerinde Cu düzeyi ortalama olarak 0,248 mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiş, ancak Pb, Cd, Hg ve As tespit edilememiştir. Yem örneklerinde ise Pb, Cd, Cu ve As düzeyleri sırasıyla 0,057, 0,021, 1,916 ve 0,040 ppm olarak belirlenmiş olup, Hg varlığı tespit edilmemiştir.  Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, kuru madde ile ham kül (r=0,684), kuru madde ile yağsız kuru madde (r=0,989) ve ham kül ile yağsız kuru madde (r=0,664) arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yem Pb ile yem As arasında (r = 0,938) ve süt ham yağ ile NDF arasında (r = 0,927) güçlü pozitif korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, literatürde bildirilen verilerle genel olarak uyumlu bulunmuş ve normal sınırlar içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Şavak Akkaraman koyun sütü örneklerinde tespit edilen Cu ve yem örneklerinde tespit edilen Cu ve As seviyesinin risk oluşturmayacak seviyede olması, bölgedeki çevresel kirlilik seviyesinin düşük olabileceğini ve koyun sütü tüketiminin halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir risk taşımadığını düşündürmektedir.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different foliar microbial fertilizer applications on yield and yield components of some cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cultivars (Akkız-86 and Karagöz-86). The research was conducted in 2022 growing season under Kayseri ecological conditions. When the results of the study were evaluated, average values of plant height varied between 80.294-84.668 cm, number of main branches per plant varied between 1.749-1.919 pieces/plant, first pod height varied between 44.326-50.012 cm, number of pods varied between 8.449-11.056 pieces/plant, number of seeds per pod varied between 4.925-5.591 pieces/plant; the highest value in unit area grain yield was obtained from Imed microbial fertilizer with 232.814 kg/da. It can be said that microbial fertilizers positively affect grain yield in cowpea plants.

This research paper identifies the Determinants influencing the adoption of modern agricultural technologies from the perspective of farmers in the Shirqat District, Salah Al Din Governorate. The adoption Determinants were categorized into three main domains: chemical technology constraints, biological technology constraints, and physical technology constraints. The study also examined variations in farmers' perspectives based on selected personal characteristics, including age, type of land ownership, possession of production tools and equipment, exposure to information sources, and attitude toward using modern technologies. Furthermore, the dominos were ranked in descending order based on the severity of adoption constraints. The study population included all 236 farmers in The Shirqat District who had adopted Delete modern agricultural technologies. A stratified sample of 47farmers, representing 20% of the population, was selected. A structured questionnaire was developed, consisting of two parts: the first part addressed farmers personal variables, while the second part contained 40 items related to adoption constraints, distributed across scale (high, moderate, low) was used for assessment, The scale size for the respondents ranged from (40-120) degrees. Data were collected through personal interviews, coded, and analyzed using SPSS software, employing statistical tools such as frequency distribution, range, percentage, arithmetic mean and variance. Data was collected from 10-11-2024 to 25-12-2024. Results showed that 87.24% of respondents fell within the moderate to high levels of adoption constraints, indicating a generally increasing trend. The domains were ranked by constraint severity as follows: chemical technology, biological technology, and physical technology. Significant differences were found in farmers' views based on most studied variable (age, land ownership, information exposure and attitudes). However, no significant differences were observed regarding possession of production equipment. The findings underscore the importance of considering these variable when designing agricultural extension and training programs. The study recommends enhancing access to information sources and promoting the use of proven, high-quality technologies to reduce adoption barriers and lower the financial burden on farmers.

This study evaluated and compared the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities of Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender), Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort), Salvia officinalis L. (sage), and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) plants and their extracts. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, while α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays determined antidiabetic potential. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were measured via the Ellman method, and antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the micro-well dilution test. Among the tested extracts, H. perforatum extract and H. perforatum drug exhibited the most potent biological activities. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, H. perforatum extract displayed the highest inhibition (95.40%, IC₅₀ = 8 µg/mL), followed by H. perforatum drug (94.71%, IC₅₀ = 27 µg/mL). The strongest α-amylase inhibition was observed with the Soothing Complex Product (60.90%), following acarbose (74.61%). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity was noted in S. officinalis drug (99.39%) and H. perforatum drug (99.32%), while the DPPH assay showed significant activity for S. officinalis extract (46.99%) and α-tocopherol (46.99%). Antimicrobial testing revealed moderate antibacterial effects of F. vulgare drug against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans (MIC = 1250 µg/mL). Overall, H. perforatum extracts demonstrated strong enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential for medicinal and dermocosmetic applications. These findings provide valuable insights into the bioactivity of herbal extracts, supporting their potential use in over-the-counter formulations and new plant-based therapeutic products.

A threshold survey was conducted at five upazillas of Barishal district in Bangladesh namely Babuganj, Barishal Sadar, Banaripara, Agaljhara and Gouronodi to know the socioeconomic status of respondents, flock structure, feeding strategy, production performances and management practices of indigenous chicken. Primary data were collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics by using IBM SPSS version 20.0. Women were highly engaged (75.68%) in rearing indigenous chicken than male (24.32%). Average age of respondents in the study area was 35.32 year. Occupations of respondents were 69.52% housewife, 12.74% agriculture, 9.24% business, 4.84% students, and 1.82% day laborer. Educational qualification mainly primary (50.24%), high school (33.16%), college (3.62%), university (1.22%) and illiterate (11.14%). Average number of flock size was 24.05, where cocks 172, hens 4.26, pullets 4.04 and chicks were 15.89. The mean body weights of cocks were 1.40 kg, hens 1.33kg, and chicks were 24.91g. Egg production per bird per clutch was 13.07 and clutch number per year was 3.55. Rearing system of indigenous chicken was 75% semi intensive, 13.2% free range and 11.9 % intensive. Poultry houses were made by bamboo, wood, tin (22.5%), concrete, tin (19.5%), wood, net (51.9%), wire net, and tin (6.3%). About 31.3% respondents kept only chicken in the house and 68.8% used to kept bird miscellaneously. Highest percentages (90%) of farmers have facilities to utilized scavengable feed resources base (SFRB) around the surroundings. About 23.15% framers supplied commercial feed, 53.8% household grains, 15% hand mixed feed, and 5.6% SFRB where 2.5% supplied no feed to the birds. About 31.28% farmers supplied 50g feed per day. Only 31.9% respondents regularly vaccinate their birds. About 33.1% respondents used antibiotic to their flock. In present findings 73.1% flocks affected with various diseases where 31.9% affected with Newcastle diseases (ND), 36.9% Fowl Cholera and 31.3% with other diseases. Finally it can be concluded that better management practices, feeding strategies, disease control measures can utilize the merit of indigenous chicken.

Owing to the prevailing climate change which has drastically reduced the duration of the wet season that supports naturally cultivated maize in a typical rainforest ecology of Ife, Southwestern (SW) Nigeria, this study determined the climatic factor(s) favouring maize yield in the agro-climatic zone. Grain yield data obtained from five maize varieties grown in 42 environments, at Ife – Teaching and Research Farm of Obafemi Awolowo University, along with weather data captured electronically and automatically at the Farm, were analyzed using variance, correlation, regression, and path coefficient analyses. Grain yield was a significant correlate of solar radiation (r = 0.58**) and soil temperature (r = 0.39*). Subsequent stepwise multiple regression analysis isolated total solar radiation as the single most important causal factor for increased yield, albeit, with a low R2 = 34%. Fitting the regression model up to quartic level did not increase the R2 value. Other climatic factors affecting grain yield included minimum temperature, heat unit, and maximum air relative humidity, all acting indirectly through total solar radiation. At this and similar agro-ecologies, maize must be planted from March to early April and late July to August for the early and late season crops, respectively.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin orta güney bölgesinde yer alan Konya, Kayseri ve Niğde illerinde yaşayan kırsal gençlerin göç etme eğilimleri ve tarıma bakış açıları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada 48 köy muhtarı, 15-29 yaş aralığındaki 308 genç ve 308 hane reisi ile yüz yüze anketler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Göç Davranış Indeksi (GDI) ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre gençlerin %37,0’si kırsaldan göç etmeyi düşünürken, %58,1’i göç etmeyi istememekte, %4,9’u ise kararsızdır. Gençlerin göç etme niyetleri ile; eğitim, yaş, cinsiyet, hane reisinin göç niyeti ve tarımsal gelirin yeterliliği gibi faktörler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Göç etmek isteyen gençlerin büyük bir kısmı göç ettiği yerde tarım dışı alanlarda çalışmayı planlamaktadırlar. Gençlerin göç etme şekli, çalışma planı, ailenin göç kararına yaklaşımı gibi unsurların göç davranışlarında belirleyici rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre gençlerin kırsalda kalması için sosyal güvenlik sorunun çözümlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bölgede tarım sektörünün önemini kaybetmemesi için kırsal alanın daha cazip hale getirilmesi, tarıma dayalı sanayinin geliştirilmesi ve kırsal ile entegre hale getirilmesi, iş ve sosyal imkanların artırılması önem taşımaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidinin soğukta muhafazası sırasında bazı biyoaktif bileşiklerde meydana gelen değişimler belirlenmiştir. ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidi meyvelerinin suda çözününebilir kuru madde (Sçkm) / titreedilebilir asit oranının (TEA) 6.5 ve üzerinde, çeşide özgü meyve kabuk rengini 2/3 oranında aldığı dönemde derim yapılmıştır. Derimi yapılan ‘Nova’ mandarin çeşidi meyveleri, Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsüne ait soğuk hava depo ünitesinde 5 (±0.5)°C ve %85-90 nem oranında 75 gün süresi boyunca depolandı ve depolama sırasında 15 günde bir depodan alınan örnekler analizlenmiştir. Meyve örneklerinde toplam antioksidant, toplam fenol, toplam flavanoid, toplam antosiyanin ve C vitamini analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, muafaza süresince başlangıca göre, toplam fenol, toplam flavanoid toplam antosiyanin ve C vitamininde artış, toplam antioksidant içeriğinde ise azalmalar tespit edilmiştir

In this study, the effects of season and genotype on bee venom (BV) yield and content were determined. For this purpose, BV was collected from Muğla Ecotype colonies every 15 days in spring (April-May 2022), summer (June, July, August 2022) and autumn (September, October, November 2022). BV yields and contents of the colonies were determined according to the seasons. In addition, melittin, apamin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were detected in BV harvested from Carniolan F1 (6 pieces) and Muğla Ecotype (6 pieces) colonies. The average bee venom yield (BVY) obtained in Muğla Ecotype colonies was determined as 45.5±2.69 mg, 33.9±2.12 mg and 23.4±2.29 mg in spring, summer and autumn, respectively and the differences between the groups were significant. The effect of season on BV content was statistically insignificant, while the effect of genotype on BV content (melittin) was found to be significant. The average melittin ratio of BV produced from Carniolan F1 colonies and Muğla Ecotype colonies was determined as 56.41±1.64% and 66.39±1.84%, respectively. As a result, it was determined in this study that season was effective on BVY but did not affect the content, and the melittin ratio, which constitutes more than half of the BV, was affected by the bee genotype

Rice blast, aused by Magnaporthe oryzae B.C.Couch, is considered as the main fungal disease in rice fields in Burkina Faso. This study aimed to assess the essential oils of Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum gratissimum and Lippia multiflora on mycelial radial growth and inhibition rate of the fungus using the contact and fumigation methods. For each essential oil, six doses were used : T0 (0 µl/ml), T1 (0.1 µl/ml), T2 (0.6 µl/ml), T3 (1.2 µl/ml), T4 (1.8 µl/ml) and T5 (2.4 µl/ml). In both tests, two treatments of synthetic fungicides namely Tma (mancozeb) and Taz (azoxystrobin) at recommended doses of 6.67 µl/ml and 3.33 µl/ml respectively. The results showed that in the contact method, essential oils of L. multiflora, O. americanum,C. schoenanthus and O. gratissimum inhibited 100% (0 cm of diameter) the fungus mycelial radial growth at doses of T3 (1.2 µl/ml), T5 (2.4 µl/ml), T2 (0.6 µl/ml) and T2 (0.6 µl/ml) respectively. As for the fumigation method, oils of L. multiflora, O. americanum,C. schoenanthus and O. gratissimum inhibited mycelial radial growth of the fungus by 100% at doses of T2 (0.6 µl/ml), T5 (2.4 µl/ml), T4 (1.8 µl/ml) and T3 (1.2 µl/ml) respectively. Mancozeb and azoxystrobin treatments inhibited radial mycelial growth by 100% and 74.1% respectively. These essential oils can be used to control rice blast in the field. The use of these essential oils in rice blast management may also help to reduce environmental pollution caused by synthetic fungicides.”