Poultry meat quality is controlled by muscle fiber properties associated with body weight gain in the immediate pre- or post-hatch period. This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of branched-chain amino acids blend (BCAAb, 3 L-leucine:1 L-isoleucine:2 L-valine) in the pre- or post-hatch period on the growth performance and fiber characteristics of the Pectoralis major (PM) muscle in turkey poults subjected to early or delayed feeding. Newly hatched poults from eggs injected in ovo with BCAAb or received no injection were used in a 21-d study. Poults (n=192) produced without injection of BCAAb received a starter diet supplemented (BCAA) or not (C) with the BCAAb (2 g/kg) immediately or with a delay of 48 h (48BCAA and 48C) after hatching. Poults (n=36) produced with (IOBCAA) in ovo injection of BCAAb (2 mg /ml) received the diet and water immediately. The BCAA and IOBCAA poults had higher body weight than those of the C, 48C, and 48BCAA birds. The body weight of the C poults was higher than those of the 48C and 48BCAA birds. The BCAA poults had higher PM muscle weight than those of the C and 48C poults, while that of the IOBCAA poults was higher than that of the 48C poults. The IOBCAA treatment increased the protein content of the PM muscle meat, compared with the C and 48C treatments. The 48C treatment increased the type IIB fiber area and the type I and type IIA fiber percentages but decreased the type IIB fiber, compared with other treatments. The numbers of type IIB and total fibers in the IOBCAA poults were higher than those of the 48C birds. In conclusion, administering BCAAb in ovo or in a starter diet enhanced early growth performance and improved the fiber characteristics of the PM muscle in turkey poults.

Agriculture must be necessary and sustainable for the continuity of human beings. For sustainable agriculture, productive crops can be made with good irrigation in productive crops and conscious irrigation in good irrigation. A survey was conducted with 111 producers in the central district of Tokat province to determine the factors affecting conscious irrigation and conscious irrigation. In the research, first of all, the socio-demographic structure of the producers was determined: it was determined that the producers with an active working population had a low level of education. In the second part of the research, irrigation information was tried to be determined and it was observed that most of the producers were doing salman irrigation. In the third part of the research, irrigation awareness was tried to be determined by using the scoring method of the producers and it was determined that 24% of the producers were in the category with a high level of awareness. In the last part, the factors affecting irrigation awareness were determined with the help of the ordered probit model. As a result, it has been determined that there is a linear relationship between the level of awareness of the producers, their educational status and membership in the irrigation union.

Environmental destruction is dimensioned as one of the most important issues that the whole world is dealing with in the third millennium. For this reason, various policy instruments are developed and put into practice, both internationally and nationally. Although these policies cover all production and consumption areas, they also come to the forefront in terms of the agricultural sector due to their strategic importance. Environmental Agricultural Land Protection Program (ÇATAK), which came into effect in 2006, has been implemented in order to prevent environmental damage in the agricultural sector in Türkiye. In this framework, the production practices of grain producers benefiting from ÇATAK program supports in the Seyfe Lake region of Kırşehir province were examined in environmental terms. For this purpose, 100 producers were drawn into the sample and a survey study was conducted. The obtained data set was made into cross tables, interpreted and suggestions were made. The results were statistically supported by chi-square analysis. Accordingly, although it was determined that the producers did not implement practices that would cause environmental destruction intensively, it was observed that they needed to adopt the right methods from the right sources in the use of fertilizers and pesticides. In addition, it has been determined that the state does not have comprehensive knowledge about the agricultural policy instruments it has implemented. For this reason, it is considered important to implement training-extension activities frequently and dynamically.

Recently the demand for functional food components such as prebiotics, probiotics, and phenolic compounds are increased. Nowadays, β-glucan, dietary fiber, and biologically active natural polysaccharide, exhibit properties like a prebiotic effect and immune system support. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that daily intake of 250-500 mg β-glucan has several benefits on the immune system, showing low glycemic index, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose monomers connected with β-glycoside bonds, found in natural sources like yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), some edible mushrooms, algae, and cereal grains. β-Glucan is more resistant and preserves its stability during food processing technologies (drying, freezing, etc.). Especially, β-glucan originated from baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae) has many immunostimulatory properties, such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Also, the utilization of β-glucan in the food industry has increased regarding to their techno-functional properties like gelation, viscosity, solubility, and encapsulating agent. Therefore, this review highlights recently published research results on the functional properties, health benefits and clinical studies, the effects on the interaction with the other food compounds, and the potential food applications of β-glucans.

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit is a member of the cranberry family, which contains many bioactive components. However, because of its bitter taste, the number of products it can be processed is limited. In this study, beverages were prepared by adding five different herbal teas (linden, sage, chamomile, green tea, artichoke peel) to cranberry nectar sweetened with apple juice concentrate. Brix, pH, antioxidant capacity, (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC), total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanin, color (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°) and in vitro bioaccessibility analyzes were performed in the beverages. Results of antioxidant capacity analysis were determined between 129.00±11.85 µmol TE/g DM- 365.42±2.62 µmol TE/g DM; 56.61±16.42 µmol TE/g DM – 103.39±2.36 µmol TE/g DM; 157.97±25.35 µmol TE/g DM – 276.82±22.81 µmol TE/g DM with DPPH, CUPRAC and FRAP methods, respectively. The total phenolic content was found between 655.35±24.17 mg GAE/100 g DM and 1165.09±30.69 mg GAE/100 g DM. The beverages containing green tea infusion (4.13±1.69 mg/kg) had the lowest total monomeric anthocyanin content, while beverages containing artichoke peel infusion (6.33±0.67 mg/kg) had the highest. In the samples analyzed after in vitro gastric digestion, an increase was observed in the total monomeric anthocyanin amount compared to the pre-digested samples, while a decrease was found in the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, in general. By adding herbal teas to cornelian cherry nectar, not only improved sensorial and nutritional properties of the fruit nectar, but also a new functional beverage was developed.

Processing tomato is an important agricultural crop worldwide suffering from genetic erosion due to a severe genetic diversity reduction and domestication hindrance. In Tunisia, some old underutilized tomato cultivars are increasingly being considered as genetic resources and are marginally used by small farmers constituting a real safety valve for the sustainability of the processing tomato value chain. Those tomato cultivars differ in their biometric, processing and functional quality attributes. Therefore, there is an increasing interest to examine their performances for processing and fresh market quality improvement. Recently, there was also a particular focus on improving the quality of fresh fruit via the introgression of high-pigment genes in processing tomato in order to obtain a high quality processed products. The results are important as large differences are highlighted and the main traits affecting tomato quality are also reported and clearly discussed. This suggest that maintaining of the existing genetic pools among cultivated tomato is as important as creating novel hybrids.

This proposal was initiated to assess the response of potato varieties (Dagim, Belete, Gudenie, Jalenie, Zengena, and Ater Ababa) to phosphorus application and use efficiency under screen house with plastic pots. There were seven phosphorous levels (150% recommended (3.9 g P pot-), 125% recommended (3.3 g P pot-), recommended (2.6 g P pot-), 75% of the recommended (2.0 g P pot-), 50% of the recommended (1.3 g P pot-), 25% of the recommended (0.7 g P pot-) and the control) per variety. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications with a total of 42 treatments at Adet Agricultural research center, Ethiopia. Most parameters studied significantly changed with varieties and P-rates. Belete variety and 2 g P pot-1 showed the highest values in soil available phosphorous (52.6 mg P kg-1 and 49.53 mg P kg-1, respectively,) and Belete variety and 3.9 g P pot1showed highest values in plant phosphorous concentration (3.48 mg g-1 and 3.98 mg g-1, respectively). The highest phosphorous uptake (PAE) (14.81 mg plant-1) was recorded in Belete variety. This variety could be considered as responsive cultivar. The highest phosphorous acquisition efficiency (PAE) (92.35 kg kg-1) was recorded in Belete variety, and phosphorous use efficiency (33.63 and 37.58 mg g-1) was recorded in Dagim and Ater Ababa varieties, respectively. Dagim variety can be used when external phosphorous applications become limited. Evaluation of the existing varieties of potato for their phosphorous use and uptake efficiency could potentially increase the future potato yield without excess P application

Microbial contamination in food and medicine is a situation that closely concerns human health. The fact that the microorganism causing the contamination have antibiotic resistance makes it difficult to eliminate the contamination. Deficiencies such as incorrect use of antibiotics or lack of new antibiotics have caused microorganisms to acquire multiple antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the microorganisms with high antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance mechanisms and biofilm production ability of MRSA has made it more resistant to the environment. In this study, disc diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial activities of Heracleum platytaenium and Lavandula spp. essential oils against MRSA, and the results were compared with commercial antibiotics. In addition, the effect of H. platytaenium and Lavandula spp. essential oils on the biofilm produced by MRSA was also investigated. In this study, it was determined that H. platytaenium and Lavandula spp. essential oils have antimicrobial activity against MRSA. It was found that H. platytaenium and Lavandula spp. essential oils have antibiofilm activity against MRSA. H. platytaenium and Lavandula spp essential oils can be alternative natural sources compared to commercial antibiotics in controlling infections from MRSA.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the treatment of tap water (control), sodium hypochlorite (SH), electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW), and hydrogen peroxide (HP) on the color, texture, and sensory properties of the Eruca vesicaria as a quality criterion. For this purpose, three different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 ppm) and three different times (1, 3, and 5 min) were applied in all three washing processes. There weren’t statistically significant differences in objective (color and texture) and subjective (sensory) results in all three washing processes in terms of both concentration and time. Thus, it was determined that these processes did not have a negative effect on the quality of green leafy vegetables.