Anaplasmosis, a vector-borne haemoparasitic disease, poses a significant threat to animal health. This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis in goats within the Chattogram district of Bangladesh. The research was conducted at the SA Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), involving observations of 202 goats. Blood samples were collected from the ear veins of 44 goats. Thin blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa, and examined under a microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests in SPSS Statistics version 26. The study found that goat rearing systems significantly influenced infection rates (P < 0.05). Anaplasmosis was more prevalent in goats displaying pale mucous membranes and symptoms such as fever or weakness (P < 0.05). To mitigate the disease, strategic control measures, including vector reduction and routine health monitoring, are recommended.

Consumers are shifting to a plant-based lifestyle worldwide as more sustainable and healthier alternatives. However, despite the increasing popularity of plant-based vegan products, scientific evidence on their nutritional quality and health effects is still lacking. This study assessed the nutritional and cytotoxic characteristics of the vegan and regular cheese varieties sold in the retail markets in Istanbul, Türkiye in terms of total protein content, amino acid profile, vitamin B, calcium, and in vitro cytotoxicity using Kjeldahl, LC-MS/MS, HLPC, ICP-MS, and in vitro MTS assay, respectively. Our findings showed that the protein content in the regular cheese varieties was 20.7%, while it was 13.3% in vegan tofu only. The ratio between essential and non-essential amino acids in the regular and vegan tofu cheeses was 36.0/64.0 and 38.0/62.0, respectively. Vitamins B6, B9, and B12 were detected in none of the varieties, and calcium levels were found to be 568.1 in the regular cheeses and 17.8 mg/100 g in the vegan cheeses. Besides, in vitro, MTS assay demonstrated that regular cheese Roquefort and vegan varieties significantly decreased the cell viability of the HTC-116 human colon cancer cell line. Overall, the current research highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the vegan cheese types better to understand their nutritional, pre- and clinical toxicity, and bioavailability characteristics in a dose and time-dependent manner using advanced techniques and improving the nutritional quality of vegan products remains a challenge for the food industry.

In this study, the regeneration of the Colchicum soboliferum species, one of the medicinal aromatic plants growing naturally in Türkiye, was examined by the somatic embryogenesis method. Within the scope of experiments on somatic embryogenesis, corms of the Colchicum soboliferum species were used as explant source. 16 media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg.L⁻¹), Benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹), and 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP) (0, 0.1, 0.5 mg.L⁻¹) as plant growth regulators were used in this regeneration research. Different ratios and combinations of Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media were tested. In the applications, the highest embryogenic callus formation was observed with a rate of 60% in Murashige ve Skoog (MS) media containing 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). The highest embryo formation, with a rate of 48.33%, was obtained in MS media containing 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ Benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg.L⁻¹ 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.1 mg.L⁻¹ 2-Isopentenyladenine (2IP). No growth was observed in the control application that did not contain plant growth regulators.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is widely recognized for its medicinal properties; however, the potential of Nepalese turmeric varieties, specifically Kapurkot Haledo 1 (KK1), Kapurkot Haledo-2 (KK2), and Sugandha, remains underexplored, particularly in relation to their processing outcomes and quality characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different blanching methods on these varieties' quality traits. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the experiment tested three blanching treatments: distilled water boiling (DWB), alkaline water boiling (AWB), and a control, with nine treatment combinations, each replicated four times. Statistical analysis showed that KK2 had the highest dry recovery percentage (23.51%), with DWB proving more effective than AWB. KK1 exhibited the most significant length shrinkage, whereas KK2 treated with AWB showed the least. In terms of diameter, KK1 and Sugandha showed the highest shrinkage, while KK2 treated with AWB demonstrated minimal shrinkage. For color quality, KK1 received the highest color score (6.75), followed by Sugandha and KK2, with AWB generally enhancing color ratings across the varieties. Significant interactions between turmeric variety and blanching method were observed. Specifically, KK1 with DWB achieved the highest dry recovery, similar to KK2 under AWB treatment. Additionally, Sugandha treated with AWB showed the least length shrinkage, and KK2 exhibited the lowest diameter shrinkage under both control and AWB treatments. Regarding oil content, KK1 and Sugandha retained the highest levels under control conditions, while KK2 with AWB showed the lowest ash content and the highest curcumin concentration in the control group. In summary, the findings suggest that the combination of KK2 with AWB or DWB yields optimal outcomes across multiple quality parameters, underscoring the effectiveness of these blanching methods as post-harvest processing techniques for enhancing the quality of Nepalese turmeric.

The focus on ancestral seeds and Geographical Indications (GI) reflects a growing global movement to reconnect with traditional agricultural practices and cultural heritage. These practices emphasise environmental sustainability, agricultural biodiversity and food quality. Kavılca, an old emmer wheat variety from Ardahan, Türkiye, exemplifies these practices. Known for its resilience to harsh climates, low gluten content and rich nutrient profile, Kavılca wheat supports sustainable agriculture and preserves cultural traditions. By protecting these unique products, GIs help preserve agricultural biodiversity and heritage against modern monoculture practices. Similarly, ancestral seeds such as Kavılca wheat offer climate change adaptation advantages with minimal dependence on chemical inputs. They also provide superior nutritional benefits, making them a healthier alternative to modern wheat varieties. Overall, the cultivation of ancestral seeds such as Kavılca wheat is crucial in addressing challenges such as climate change, food security and biodiversity loss. These practices represent a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation that promotes sustainable and culturally rich food systems for future generations. The resilience of this crop to environmental challenges, combined with its nutritional benefits and cultural significance, make it an invaluable asset in addressing the modern agricultural and food challenges we face. This review article is designed by narrative review method. It analyses the importance of Ardahan Kavılca wheat, a Geographical Indication ancestral seed, and its journey from the field to the consumer.

In this study, the plants Melissa officinalis (Melissa), Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnus), Styrax officinalis (Styrax) and Echinops ritro (Echinops) were firstly used to prepare enriched bread and to study their effects on the shelf life of bread. Water and alcohol extracts of the plants were also prepared to determine their antibacterial and antifungal activities in-vitro. The focus is on their potential applications as natural preservatives in sustainable functional bread production. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Results showed that alcohol extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity than water extracts, with inhibition zones diameters ranging from 15-22 mm for alcohol extracts compared to 8-13 mm for water extracts. Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella Paratyphi A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, showed resistance, with inhibition zone diameters below 10 mm. However, alcohol extracts from Styrax and Elaeagnus achieved inhibition zone diameters of 12-15 mm against these pathogens. Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, showed promising results, with alcohol extracts zones averaging 20 mm and water extracts inhibition of zone diameters averaging 14 mm. Fungal inhibition zone diameters was effective, with extracts reducing Aspergillus niger growth by 85%. A shelf life experiment revealed that bread enriched with Elaeagnus and Melissa extracts remained mold-free for 7 days, while control samples developed mold within 3-4 days. Sensory analysis indicated that 80% of participants preferred the taste and aroma of Elaeagnus seed bread, with an average score of 4.5-5. The incorporation of medicinal and aromatics plants not only enhances bread flavour but also provides health benefits besides sell life of bread. These plants serve as valuable natural preservatives, improving nutritional value, extending shelf life, and inhibiting harmful microorganisms in sustainable bread production.

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate land consolidation studies carried out in Türkiye between 1961 and 2004. Data from 509 land consolidation and on-farm development services projects carried out in 33 provinces of Türkiye were examined using statistical analysis methods. It was determined that land consolidation projects significantly contributed to more efficient use of agricultural lands, reducing the number of parcels and reaching more suitable sizes of agricultural enterprises. The results show that the average consolidation rate of the examined projects was 35.76% and an average increase of 81.45% occurred in parcel sizes. In the regional evaluations, it was determined that the Black Sea Region had the highest consolidation rate. In contrast, relatively lower success rates were obtained in the Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia regions. These differences are related to land structure, property relations and agricultural enterprise sizes. It has been observed that technological developments, especially computer-aided mapping techniques and tools such as Geographic Information Systems, have increased the success of consolidation projects. As a result, it has been determined that land consolidation studies play a critical role in the sustainability of agricultural production. Still, more strategic planning should be made by considering regional characteristics. This study is essential for evaluating the historical development and impacts of land consolidation studies in Türkiye. It is also considered a guide for institutions carrying out consolidation studies.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of using Spirulina and Chlorella instead of fish meal on the growth, feed utilization, digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). For this purpose, 25% fish meal was added to the control diet, 25% Spirulina to the SP diet and 25% Chlorella to the CL diet as the main protein source. In the 3×3 planned experiment, fish with an average weight of 1.98±0.10 g were fed with isonitrogenous and isolipidic formulated diets until satiation for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, higher final body weight and specific growth rate were obtained in the groups fed with diets containing Spirulina and Chlorella (p<0.05) and feed conversion was not affected by the main protein source in the diet. Lipid content in muscle tissue of fish fed with control diet was lower than that of the group fed with Chlorella containing diet (p<0.05). Microalgae addition to the diets significantly (p<0.05) increased dry matter, protein and lipid digestibility, as well as protease and lipase activity. The results obtained showed that Spirulina or Chlorella in Cyprinus carpio diets increased growth, nutrient digestibility and activity of digestive enzymes, and therefore, based on these parameters examined, Spirulina and Chlorella could be used instead of the entire 25% fish meal in the diet.

Küresel iklim değişiklikleri ve artan nüfus alternatif nişasta kaynaklarına yönelik araştırmaları artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, at kestanesi tohumlarından alkali ve ultrason destekli yöntemlerle nişasta üretimi gerçekleştirmek ve üretilen nişastaların morfolojik, termal ve fonksiyonel özelliklerini belirlemektir. Ultrason destekli yöntem nişastaların şişme gücü ve su/yağ tutma kapasite değerlerini yükseltmiş, sineresis değerlerini ise düşürmüştür. Örnekler minimum %6 ve %12 nişasta oranlarına sahipken jel oluşumu göstermiştir. Alkali ve ultrasonik yöntemlerle üretilen nişastaların amiloz içerikleri sırasıyla %25,41 ve %29,86’dır. Nişastaların termal bozunmasının en yüksek olduğu sıcaklıklar 221-343°C aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Ultrasonik yöntem nişastanın lmax değerini 523,0 nm’den 583 nm’ye yükseltmiş ve spesifik dönme açısını 59,90’dan 21,75’e düşürmüştür. Termogravimetrik veriler kütlenin %50’sinin alkali yöntem için 302-312°C ve ultrason destekli yöntem için 303-304°C aralığında kaybolduğunu göstermiştir. Ultrasonikasyon, ortorombik kristal yapıya sahip nişastaların yapısında kısmi bir değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Çalışmamız alternatif nişasta kaynakları ile ilgili kapsamlı bir çalışmadır. Üretilen nişastaların başta glutensiz ürün üretiminde ve jel yapısı istenen ürünlerde kullanılma potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.

In dairy farms, water is crucial for the health, productivity, and welfare of animals. Water is a fundamental component in all biological processes, and insufficient water intake can negatively impact milk production, reproductive health, and overall animal welfare. The water requirement for dairy cattle depends on various factors such as age, weight, milk yield, environmental temperature, and nutritional status. An adult dairy cow can consume approximately 80-150 liters of water per day. This requirement increases in high-yielding cows. Adequate water intake directly affects milk production, as approximately 87% of milk is composed of water. The quality of water is as crucial as its quantity. This study investigates the quality of drinking water in dairy farms within Niğde Province, Turkey, focusing on its implications for livestock health and productivity. Water samples were collected from 11 livestock enterprises, encompassing water tanks and troughs, and analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, nitrate (NO₃), nitrite (NO₂), and phosphate phosphorus (PO₄) concentrations. Results showed EC values averaging 0.803 dSm⁻¹, within acceptable standards for livestock, although high concentrations in certain tanks raised concerns regarding mineral content and potential health impacts. The pH ranged from 7.27 to 8.20, remaining suitable for all livestock classes. NO₃ concentrations averaged 21.834 mgL⁻¹, with no samples below the 10 mgL⁻¹ threshold, highlighting risks from prolonged exposure. In contrast, NO₂ concentrations averaged 0.251 mgL⁻¹, remaining within safe limits. PO₄ concentrations were minimal, averaging 0.056 mgL⁻¹, and posed no significant risks. The findings underscore the importance of periodic water quality monitoring in livestock farms to mitigate risks of contamination and ensure optimal health and productivity. These findings highlight the necessity for customized water management techniques to fit particular farm settings and advance our understanding of the complex effects of water quality on livestock performance.