Bu çalışma Tunceli (Pülümür ve Munzur) İl’inde yapılan amatör balıkçılığın güncel durumunu belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sahasında Ocak 2018 – Mart 2018 periyodunda amatör balıkçılık yapan 95 birey tesadüfi olarak seçilmiş ve gönüllülük esasıyla 38 soru içeren ankete katılımları sağlanarak orijinal veriler elde edilmiştir. Örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesinde Avrupa için belirlenen %4,8 değeri kullanılmıştır. Amatör olta balıkçıları ile yapılan anket çalışması sonucunda balık avlanma boy ve adetleri hakkında bilgisi olup olmadığı değişkenlerin dağılımı ki-kare testi ile belirlenmiş ve yanılma olasılığı α = 0,05 seçilmiştir. Sonuç olarak balık avlanma boy ve adetleri hakkında bilgisi olan ve olmayanlar karşılaştırıldığında eğitim durumu değişkeninde (χ2:9,434; p:0,009), aylık gelire göre (χ2:12,525; p: 0,006), avlanmada harcadıkları zamana göre (χ2:11,935; p:0,03), balıkçıların tercih ettikleri hedef türlere göre (χ2:14,903; p:0,001) ve balık miktarında yıllara bağlı olarak artış veya azalışa göre (χ2:11,248; p:0,04) istatistiksel olarak farklılık gözlenirken diğer değişkenlerde herhangi bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Tunceli İl’indeki amatör olta balıkçılığının genel durumunun belirlendiği bu çalışma bölgede ilk defa yapılmıştır ve daha sonra yapılacak olan çalışmalara bir öncü niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle amatör balıkçılık yapan kişilerin konu hakkında bilgilendirilmeleri ve sürdürülebilir balıkçılığın sağlanması açısından doğaya zarar verilmeden yapılması sağlanmalıdır.

Bu araştırma Temmuz 2011 ve Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup çalışmada Giresun sahillerinde denize dökülen Batlama Deresi’nde dağılım gösteren bazı balık türlerinin kas ve solungaç dokularındaki ağır metal birikimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz edilen balıklarda ağır metal birikimleri ortalama ppm olarak kas dokuda; Co: 1,47-1,64 Cr: 0,09-0,36, Cu: 0,92-11,0, Fe: 8,01-17,6, Mn: 1,46-2,20, Ni: 2,69-3.55, Pb: 1,83-2,63, Zn: 9,80-17,0; solungaçta; Co: 2,14-3,99, Cr: 0,20-0,58, Cu: 1,32-22,6, Fe: 52,2-140, Mn: 13,1-20,3, Ni: 7,85-13,6, Pb: 2,75-6,28, Zn: 37,5-80,8 düzeylerinde bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmada, kas doku için günlük ve haftalık alımlar hesaplanmıştır. Bu değerler uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından bildirilen sınır değerlerinin altında olduğundan, çalışmanın yapıldığı zaman, çalışılan türler ve metaller açısından bu bölgede yakalanarak tüketilen balıkların insan sağlığı üzerine herhangi bir tehdit oluşturmayacağı söylenebilir.

Turkish white cheeses after brine salting were subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 MPa for 5 and 15 min and the samples pressurized for 15 min were ripened in brine for 60 days. The effects of HPP on the salt distribution in external, middle and internal zones of cheese after pressurization and on the salt uptake of whole cheese block during ripening were investigated. HPP did not change the values of moisture, salt and salt in moisture in different zones of cheese. Furthermore, pressure holding time had no effect on salt distribution in cheese. The salt contents of un-pressurized and pressurized cheese samples were equilibrated on the 14th day of ripening, and then stabilized, with no high pressure effect. As a result, HPP at pressures up to 400 MPa did not significantly affect neither salt distribution after high pressure processing nor salt uptake during ripening. However, a slight increase in moisture at the pressures of 200-400 MPa on the 60th day of ripening, which was not significant, might warn further increases in moisture of white cheese for longer ripening periods than 60 days. Higher pressure applications may alter all those values in white cheese because of textural changes.

Multistoried agroforestry systems as a form of jackfruit-eggplant based is increasingly recognized as a promising option to counteract the catastrophic effects of climate change through providing multifaceted benefits. Unfortunately, farmers of Bangladesh did not manage their jackfruit orchard in a scientific manner. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the productivity and profitability of jackfruit-eggplant based agroforestry system after modification from a traditional jackfruit orchard during the period of July 2012 to December 2013. Five treatments covering four orientations of jackfruit tree and an open field was used as a control treatment. To observe the growth and economic performance of the system; soil moisture and temperature, DBH, number of fruits per tree, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, total yield, BCR, and LER were calculated following different established methods. The yield of jackfruit dramatically increased by 81% in the agroforestry system in compared to sole cropping, while eggplant shows inverse trend. Soil moisture was high in agroforestry system than that of control plot while soil temperature shows reverse pattern. Indeed, agroforestry system had some negative effects on growth performance of understorey crops. Despite, net return and BCR from jackfruit based agroforestry system were 5.58 lakh and 4.56, which was 66 and 45%, respectively higher than sole cropping systems. The LER of jackfruit-eggplant based agroforestry system was 2.17. Considering the main findings, we can elucidate that jackfruit orchards can be transformed to agroforestry system for maximizing production, generating income and conserving environment.

Tomato comes as the most commonly produced, consumed and subject for trading in the world. Alongside fresh consumption, on the other hand it forms the most significant raw material source of food industry, especially for tomato paste, frozen and dried vegetable-fruit and canned food industry. Turkey's greenhouse vegetable production field for 2016 year is 675173 decars and Antalya forms 51% of this field. Tomato forms 61.72% of Antalya's greenhouse production. The main material of the research consists of interviews made with producers resided in 5 villages/towns, where greenhouse tomato production is carried out densely in Antalya city, Alanya district. In 48 villages and towns, greenhouse tomato production is carried out, according to the official records. In the chosen areas, 365 producers exist. 20% of these producers (73) form the sample size. In the research, it was determined that the producers' average agricultural land possession is 9.13 decars and in 40.53% of these areas they grew tomatoes. None of these producers are engaged in contractual growing. All of the yield is produced for the edible (as table-top item). After the harvest, all of the products are sold in the wholesales market in county and city. 7.89% of the producers have no information on soilless agriculture, as 10.52% of them think that it has no advantages and 73.36% of them recommend traditional agriculture.

Cypermethrin is a large spectrum action insecticide, globally employed to control pests in agriculture and some human and domestic animals ectoparasites. This study aimed to evaluate its toxicity and reproduction impairment in male guinea pig. Forty adult male guinea pigs were divided into 4 groups and orally submitted to 0, 92, 137.5 and 275 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. The weight of the liver increased significantly, while that of kidneys decreased significantly in treated animals compared to controls. Serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALAT, ASAT, total cholesterol, prostatic acid phosphatase increased significantly, while the testicular total protein level decreased significantly in groups given the insecticide relatively to the control. The testes weight, libido, serum level of testosterone, mobility, sperm count and the percentage of spermatozoa with entire plasma membrane decreased significantly in animals exposed to cypermethrin with reference to controls. The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa increased significantly in animals submitted to 137.5 or 275 mg/kg body weight (bw) of cypermethrin compared to control ones. On the testis histological sections of pesticide-treated animals, immature germinal cells were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Cypermethrin was toxic in male guinea pig and damaged reproductive parameters.

The present study aimed to determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Salvia multicaulis Vahl plant collected in Gaziantep province, Turkey. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using Rel Assay kits. Antimicrobial activity was determined with modified agar dilution method. The findings demonstrated that S. multicaulis had high antioxidant activity. However, it is recommended to avoid excessive consumption of the plant due to high OSI. It was also determined that plant extracts possessed antimicrobial potential. As a result, it was determined that the plant can be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial resource.

Blueberries have been drawn more attention in recent years for their antioxidant capacities and proposed health benefits. Pulsed ultraviolet (PUV) light is known for its disinfection effects on the surface of fresh fruits. This study’s aim was to examine the effects of PUV light on naturally present microbial load, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity of fresh blueberries. Fresh blueberry samples were treated for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s. Samples were stabilized at 13 cm away from the PUV lamp before treatment. Total Aerobic Plate Count (TAPC) and yeast and mold count reduction were observed the highest in samples treated for 90 s, 1.97 and 1.27 log CFU/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity levels were significantly different for treated samples for 60 and 90 s in FRAP analysis, whereas no differences were observed in results of DPPH analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity as antioxidant enzyme had no difference, however, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased by 50% with PUV treatment for 120 s. PUV light treatment of fresh blueberries for 90 s was determined as ideal exposure time among tested time intervals of this study. PUV light illumination can generally enhance antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity of fresh blueberries and decrease the population of natural microorganisms of fresh blueberries and similar small fruits.

The aim of study were to present relationships between birth weight of 94 Holstein calves with genotype structures of each sample’s Growth Hormone (GH) determined through PCR-RFLP method and to detect the population’s genetic variation by determining the genotype and allel frequency distribution. In the study, according to the analysis result, it was determined that Growth Hormone gene LL genotype was 41.9 kg, LL was 40.8 kg, and VV was 42.2 kg for the birth weight. A significant relationship between birth weight with GH genotypes could not be found. It was seen that the calf population is not stable according to Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test.

Since the national farmers' day on May 12, 2017 in Kaya, Burkina Faso, the debate on agriculture has been to establish the agricultural entrepreneurship through the concept of agriculture as a family business (ACEF). And it is from this perspective that this study was conducted to analyse the financing possibilities open to family farming and to deduce the constraints of the transition from family farming to enterprise farming. To do this, we used the exegetical method to characterize the existing agricultural formations, to identify the means of financing and the constraints of the agricultural transition. The agricultural sector is strongly dominated by family farming with low physical and financial capital. The means of financing are self-financing and external financing. However, the transition will not be without problems because there are technical and political constraints to overcome.