In this study, challenges experienced by dairy cattle enterprises in Southwestern Uganda and the factors influencing their profitability were respectively analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression in STATA 15.0 statistical software. Eighteen questions relating to the challenges experienced by dairy producers in the study area were factor analyzed using principal components analysis with varimax rotation. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s measure of sampling adequacy was 0.643, above the commonly recommended value of 0.6, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (ꭓ² (153) = 1670.13, P<0.001). Using both the scree plot and eigenvalues greater than 1 to determine the underlying components, the analysis yielded five factors explaining a total of 67.42% of the variance in the data. These factors were investment constraints, productivity constraints, climatic and environmental conditions, veterinary and social security services, and marketing constraints, which explained 21.32%, 13.01%, 11.97%, 11.03%, and 10.097% of the variance after rotation, respectively. The factors hypothesized to influence the profitability of dairy enterprises were; daily milk yield per lactating cow, the prevalence rate of diseases, percentage of lactating cows to those raised on the enterprise, attendance of animal production training, the unit production cost of milk, and enterprise size according to the number of animals raised. Regression analysis results of these factors revealed that the unit production cost of milk, enterprise size, and daily milk yield per lactating cow were statistically significant. The estimated model had an R-squared value of 0.92. The recommendations emphasized in this study were reducing milk production costs, rational use of production resources, adopting improved cattle breeds, improving feeding by supplementing animal diets with concentrate feeds to increase milk yield, and general improvement in dairy herd management practices, including disease control strategies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary effects of fruit pulps (dried tomato, apple and grape) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. In this trial, 196 Lohmann sandy layers 25 weeks of age were distributed into four groups with seven replicates for 9 weeks. Trial groups fed following diets, control group basal diet (no additive), 4 % dried tomato pulp, 4% apple pulp and 2.5% grape pulp. Feed conversion rate was not affected by any addition of fruit pulps throughout the trial. The dietary inclusion of dried tomato pulp increased feed consumption, egg weight and egg production and decreased egg yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on day of 1 compared to the control. Egg yolk MDA level was decreased with the addition of 4% tomato and apple pulp to the diet, but increased with the addition of 2.5% grape pulp to the diet on the day of 28. Moreover, the addition of dried tomato pulp to the basal diet significantly increased egg weight and egg yolk yellow color (a). As a result, this study provides evidence that adding up to 4% tomato pulp to diets may be used without adverse effects on laying hens’ productivity and may improve egg quality characteristics by decreasing MDA levels in the yolk.

Today’s cities show an unplanned and rapid development in direct proportion to the development of technology. As a result of rapid and unplanned development, the natural silhouette of the cities has deteriorated and the proportion of reinforced concrete structures has increased day by day. For these reasons, putting green areas in the second plan causes some ecological problems for the city. The existence and sustainability of green areas are among the most important approaches that can reduce these problems. If we look at the concept of sustainability and its derivatives, the university campuses in the city give the appearance of a small city model and the green campus, sustainable campus, eco-campus, etc. that have emerged in recent years. Due to these concepts, in this study, “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus”, located within the provincial borders of Konya, was chosen as the study area. The aim of the study was to determine the shadow lengths created by the buildings in the “Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus” on the green areas and the new building or open green areas, and according to the light, shade and water requirements of the plants in the open green areas in line with the obtained data. Its contribution to ecological sustainability and green campus studies has been evaluated by revealing whether it is placed in areas with 2D (2D)-3D (3D) software and with different analysis techniques. In the light of the data obtained; It is seen that the shadow periods created by the buildings in Selcuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus are higher in December and February, and the shadow durations are less in other months. The shadow periods of the building’s immediate surroundings are longer than the open areas. It has been determined that the species in the vicinity of the building are adversely affected by this situation. Plants are exposed to the sun, especially in the summer months, so the water demand and consumption of plants increases.

In this study, it was aimed to make a breakfast spreadable Cornelian cherry nectar similar to marmalade. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DA100 strain, which has potential probiotic properties, was added to this nectar.  It was investigated whether this strain has an effect on various sensory properties of nectar. In the study, sensory and various chemical properties of nectar produced without probiotic microorganism were determined. Since the breakfast spreadable Cornelian cherry nectar produced in our study was not exposed to high temperatures for a long time, a very low HMF of 4.290 mg/kg was determined. Vitamin C was determined as 716.800 mg/L and total phenolic content was determined as 3156.64 mg GAE/100g. In the probiotic group, the microorganism viability, which was 1.5×1010 Log CFU/mL initially, was determined below approximately 1.5×106 Log CFU/mL at the end of 5 days. In addition, coliform bacteria and E. coli were not detected in any group during this period. Contrary to the texture score, the difference between the sensory evaluation results of the probiotic-added and the control group of breakfast spreadable Cornelian cherry nectar was significant in taste, bitterness, odor and sourness. An alternative to jams and marmalades, rich in vitamin C and phenolic content, limited HMF production, and a functional product with low sugar content were tried to be obtained, and when the results obtained are evaluated, the product is thought to be promising.

The study about the economic returns of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by the use of rhizobium seed inoculation and different phosphorus doses was conducted at Bharatpur, Chitwan, from February to May 2022. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and eight treatments. Treatments were set as factor A: seed inoculation i.e., un-inoculated and inoculated; and factor B: four different phosphorus doses (20, 40, 60, 80 kg ha­-1). The cowpea variety ‘Prakash’ was used. Results revealed that the application of seed inoculation provides the highest returns compared to an un-inoculated one; similarly, in case of phosphorus dose of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 gives the maximum economic returns compared to other phosphorus doses. Furthermore, the interaction of rhizobium inoculation with 40 kg ha­-1 gives the highest gross income (NRs. 216005), net return (NRs. 110829.39) and B: C (2.05) compared to all other single inoculation or phosphorus or interaction treatments ( 1 $ = NRs. 132.53) . From the result, it is concluded that the use of rhizobium inoculation along with 40 kg P2O5 ha­-1 would be economically profitable for the farmers under the Terai conditions of Nepal.

The maize breeding programs focuses on the development of homozygous parental lines for hybrid breeding to obtain heterosis. The Improvement of homozygous lines in a effective time is crucial for hybrid maize breeding. Objectives of this research were to obtain homozygous lines of maize in a short time by using of in-vivo maternal haploid (DH) technique and characterizing them morphologically. The experiments were carried out at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute(EMARI). Inducers, RWS, RWK-76 and their hybrid RWS X RWK-76 were used as male parent. As female parent, 56 F2 segregated material obtained by selfing of 66 F1 hybrids developed in maize breeding program of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute (EMARI) and 2 F2 segregated material selected from the open pollinated plants of 9 commercial maize variety. As a result of the experiment, 29 doubled haploid lines (DH) were developed. In the developed DH lines, days to tasseling, plant height, height of first ear , ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel per ear and thousand kernel weight varied as 57-78 days, 151-248 cm, 43-112 cm, 11.20-24.50 cm, 24-45 mm, 224-537 kernels/ear, and 180-320 g, respectively. In conclusion, in-vivo maternal DH technique is a highly effective method for obtaining homozygous lines

The aim of the study is to evaluate the ethanol extract of Rheum ribes root (RTE), as well as the root and young shoots (RYSE), for its chemical composition, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects. Total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of Rheum ribes extracts were determined using colorimetric methods. Mineral contents and vitamin values of samples were determined by ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of Rheum ribes extracts was determined on different cells using XTT assay. The cytotoxic effects of RTE and RYSE on cancer cells were evaluated with regard to apoptosis. According to results, mineral contents, vitamine A and C values were very high in both samples. Ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribes young shoot exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on all cancer cells compared to WI-38 cells, and the IC50 values of the extract in the cancer cells between 26.10 to 54.81 μg/mL. Ethanolic extracts of RTE and RYSE induced apoptosis on MCF-7 cells. The ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribes has effective cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. More research is needed to determine the cytotoxic effect mechanisms on cancer cells.

Son yıllarda sürdürülebilirliğin bir bileşeni olan sorumlu tüketim kapsamında sade yaşam tarzı ve kuşaklar arasındaki farklılıklar ilgi konusu olmuştur. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçlarına hizmet eden sorumlu tüketim bağlamında gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı bir toplumun yapısı hakkında bilgi verme adına önemlidir. Her ne kadar gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı toplumsal yapı hakkında bilgi vermekle birlikte kuşaklardaki farklılaşmalar gönüllü sade yaşam tarzlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, X, Y ve Z kuşaklarına göre gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmektir. Çalışmada 21 maddeden oluşan Gönüllü Sade Yaşam Ölçeği ve 6 adet sosyo-demografik sorular kullanılarak yüz yüze ve sosyal medya aracılığı ile Türkiye-Sivas ilindeki 414 kişiden anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Kuşaklar ile gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı arasındaki farklılığın anlamlılığını test etmek için Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, X kuşağı gönüllü sade yaşam tarzını Y ve Z kuşaklarına göre daha çok benimsediği anlaşılmıştır. Buna benzer olarak Y ve Z kuşağı karşılaştırıldığında ise Y kuşağının Z kuşağına göre gönüllü sade yaşam tarzını benimsediği ortaya konuldu. Sonuç olarak X ve Y kuşağının gönüllü sade yaşama daha duyarlı olmasının nedeni tarihsel arka planındaki toplumsal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmış olması, zor zamanlarda yetişmiş olmaları ve hayat tecrübelerinin Z kuşağına göre fazla olması ile ilgili olarak açıklanabilir.

Tarımsal üretim faaliyetleri ile ortaya çıkan yan ürünler nispeten daha zor ölçülebilir oldukları için oluşturdukları zararlı atıklar yakın zamana kadar göz ardı edilmiştir. Günümüzde artık karbon ayak izi ölçümlemeleri ile tarımsal üretim ile açığa çıkan zararlı atıkların belirlenebilmesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Tarımsal faaliyetler sonucu ortaya çıkan atıkların geri kazandırılması, tarımsal üretimin ve çevrenin sürdürülebilirliği açısından üzerinde önemle durulan bir konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Konya ilinde hayvansal üretim faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkan sera gazı (gübre ve enterik fermantasyon kaynaklı) miktarları, bitkisel üretimimde doğrudan (yakıt esaslı) emisyon değerleri, biyogaz enerjisi potansiyeli, biyokütle enerji potansiyelleri hesaplanmıştır. Hayvansal üretim (süt sığırı, koyun) faaliyetleri sırasında ortaya çıkan sera gazı miktarları toplam 1,578,108 ton CO2e.yıl-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bitkisel üretimde (buğday, arpa, ayçiçeği, mısır, şeker pancarı) CO2 emisyonu değerleri geleneksel tekniklerinin uygulanması koşulunda toplam 120,564 ton, koruyucu tarım tekniklerinin uygulanmasında ise toplam 36,175 ton olarak hesaplanmıştır. Biyogaz enerjisi potansiyeli, gübre toplanabilirlik oranları dikkate alınarak hesaplandığında toplam 259,780,000 kWh.(m3)-1.yıl-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Biyokütle enerji potansiyelleri ise toplam 4,508.05 GWh olarak bulunmuştur.

The aim of this paper was to systematically reviewing the selected feed factors. A worldwide food demand, including animal-derived food is highly predictable to increase at 60% by 2050, particularly in developing countries. By 2030, an annual meat consumption is also estimated to grow from 25.5 to 37 kg per person. In some parts of the world; however, such a growing demand isn’t currently matching with a comparable growth in the local production. For example, by 2050, around 40% of an animal-sourced food could be imported by African countries. Although such insufficiency of an animal-sourced food is generally due to that of the farm-animals’ low productivity, this is specifically believed to be because of the poor quality and inadequacy of the feeds. Both anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and mycotoxins are the main factors that can contribute to the low quality and less efficiency of the feeds. Although some have beneficial effects, at their low concentrations, anti-nutrients are generally accountable for the harmful effects on the nutrient absorption. For example, up to 50, 23 and 10% of proteins and amino acid digestibility, in non-ruminant animals are reduced by the presence of trypsin inhibitors (TI), tannins and phytates, respectively. Feeds that are toxic for the mono-gastric animals may not be toxic to the ruminants. Soaking/roasting followed by pressure cooking is one of the best treating mechanisms to reduce those of the harmful effects of ANFs. Supplementation of the feeds with typical microbial enzymes, particularly when they are in a combined state enables also to reduce the negative effects of ANFs. A quarter of the world’s crops are being contaminated by the molds and fungi, and hence aflatoxin is an inevitable contaminant. Consequently, when animals eat these contaminated feeds, with aflatoxins the milk, eggs and meat could have the safety concerns to the human consumers. Due to that of some weak regulatory standards, the South-East Asian and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries remain at a high risk of aflatoxin contaminations. In addition to that of the carrying-over impacts of aflatoxins, ANFs and mycotoxins are the main factors that are reducing the feed quality and efficiency, in animal production.