This study was carried out to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits in Saanen goats. For this aim, total of 274 Saanen goats and kids were investigated for growth and reproductive traits in South Marmara Region of Turkey. Fertility parameters were evaluated during two reproductive years. Saanen kids were measured from birth to 6 months of life. The average live weights at birth, weaning, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of age were calculated and determined as 3.05±0.04kg, 11.80±0.27kg, 12.26±0.08kg, 14.20±0.32kg, 17.41±0.45kg, 25.01±0.65kg, respectively. The effects of sex and birth type on live weights until 90th days of age; maternal age only on birth weight; month at birth on all of investigated days were found significant statistically. The pregnancy, birth rate per pregnancy (BRP), birth rate per mating (BRM), infertility, abortion, kidding rate (single, twin or triplet), survival rate (until weaning), number of kids per parturition (NKP), number of kids per mating (NKM) were found; 92.98%, 85.07%, 91.25%, 7.02%, 8.75%, 36.12%, 49.00%, 14.88%, 89.13% and 1.74±0.06, 1.42±0.07 respectively. The effects of maternal age on all rates (out of BRM and abortion rate); the year on birth, abortion, single kidding rate, survival rate and NKM were found significant for reproductive traits. The advanced reproductive performance and rapid growth rates were observed in Saanen goats. Environmental factors such as age, year, sex, birth type and month at birth were found significant on some growth and reproductive traits in Saanen. So consideration of these factors could be useful as a selection criteria in dairy goat breeding.

Most of the non-irrigated areas in the southeast of the Harran Plain are irrigated by groundwater. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of 13 underground irrigation water sources operating in the agricultural areas of Ohali village in southeast of Harran Plain in Sanliurfa province in terms of some quality characteristics and irrigation. In this context, the waters belonging to 13 underground wells were analysed and examined in terms of irrigation water quality. According to the results of the analysis, the electrical conductivity of water samples was measured between 1127-4090 µS/cm. The SAR value of irrigation water was found to be between 1.05-3.41 and the %Na value was between 16.2% - 31.8%. In the evaluation made according to four different classification systems, in general, waters 6, 7, 8 and 9 were determined as the worst quality in all classification systems. These waters are described “unsuitable” irrigation water. Considering that the plants which have high water consumption such as cotton and corn are cultivated in the region, it is foreseen that if the necessary precautions are not taken, the salinity in the soil will increase and yield losses will be high. It is imperative that these areas, which cannot be irrigated within the scope of GAP irrigation project, be irrigated with clean water as soon as possible. However, an appropriate drainage system must be installed in the area.

This study aimed to investigate appropriate seed rates for legume-turnip intercrops under different harvest stages. Turnip (Brassica rapa L. var. rapa) was sown with common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) and pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir) in 2014 with four different combinations (100% legume, 75% legume + 25% turnip, 50% legume + 50% turnip, 100% turnip) and catted in two different times when the beginning and end of the flowering of turnip. The study was conducted in Yozgat-Turkey with three replicates. Hay yield, protein yield, ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg, P, K, Land Equivalent Ratio, Competitive Ratio and Aggressivity characteristics were determined in view of the combinations. The results of this study, 50%HV + 50%T and sole pea harvested turnip was at the beginning of flowering stage were the best treatments. On the other hand, when harvest was done at end of the flowering of turnip 50%P + 50%T, 75%P + 25%T and 50%HV + 50%T intercropping were the high yielding treatment.

In this study, we investigated the effect of SNP haplotypes on insulin-like growth factor gene (IGF-1) related with weights of body, back, chest, leg and wing in the fifteen generation selected Japanese quail (C. coturnix japonica) lines according to the 5th week live weight. 8 SNP haplotypes were identified in the 167-bp DNA sequence of the IGF-1 gene coding region identified in a total of 108 individuals from three quail lines (control, high body weight: HBW and low body weight: LBW). ANOM (Analysis of Means of Analysis) was performed to determine the relationships between carcass components with SNP haplotypes and to compare quail genotypes. There were significant differences between the quail lines in terms of SNP haplotypes. As a result, it was determined that fifteen-generation selection in Japanese quails resulted in differences in insulin-like growth factor-1 gene and these differences were reflected in carcass components.

Herbal medicine also called botanical or phyto-medicine refers to using a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. It is becoming more main stream as improvements in analysis and quality control along with advances in clinical research show the value of herbal medicine in the treating and preventing disease. This study was focused on a traditionally prepared and used a product consist of an oil complex (olive oil, Nigella sativa seed oil, rosemary oil); which were researched antimicrobial effect of the product alone, and each oil by disc diffusion methods. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and yeasts were employed in the susceptibility tests. The antibiotics of imipenem and vancomycin were exploited as positive controls. While there wasn’t effect on Gram-negative bacteria, strong antimicrobial effects were observed on Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts. Nigella sativa seed oil was the most effective. There wasn’t antagonistic and/or synergetic effect for the oil complex product. Although essential oils may be assigned the same name, they may differ widely as antimicrobial agents due to the extraction method used, which may explain the distinctive antimicrobial results reported in different studies. This was the first study to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal effects of this herbal medicine.

The level of pollution has reached the dimensions that threaten human health, with the rapid urbanization and the increase of energy consumption especially in developing countries. Every year in the world, millions of people lose their lives because of air pollution. Heavy metals have a separate precaution in pollutants, especially in terms of human health, because they can remain intact in nature for long periods of time, they tend to bioaccumulate and some are toxic or carcinogenic even at low concentrations. Therefore, monitoring of heavy metal pollution and determination of risky areas is very important. Biomonitors are the most commonly used methods for monitoring heavy metal pollution. However, determining which organelles are more suitable for monitoring the metal is essential in order to ensure that the monitoring is reliable. In this study, it was aimed to determine the variations of the concentration of Ba, Na, Al, B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn elements depending on the traffic density in leaves, seeds and branches of Tilia tomentosa which are grown in areas with heavy, low dense and non traffic areas. As a result of the study, it was determined that the heavy metal concentrations in leaves and seeds except Fe were increased due to traffic density. This situation can cause serious problems for human health, especially since the leaves and seeds of linden individuals grown in traffic-intensive areas are consumed as tea.

Various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors negatively affect the productivity of the crop. Among these, a new disease known as Faba bean galls (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production and productivity in highland areas of central and northern Ethiopia. Thus, field experiment was conducted in Lay Gorebela and Mush to assess the efficacies of fungicides for the management of faba bean gall under natural infection. Six fungicides were evaluated alongside control in randomized complete block design in three replications. Fungicides showed different levels of efficiency at both locations in both seasons. In 2014/15, the highest percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were calculated from control plots at both locations. At Lay Gorebela, higher grain yields were recorded from Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP and Triadimefon 250 g/L sprayed plots whereas plots sprayed with Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP gave higher yield at Mush. Similar trends in percent severity index and grain yield were observed with control treatment in 2015/16. Percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were negatively correlated with grain yield and positively correlated with each other at both locations and seasons. Partial budget analysis indicated as Triadimefon 250 g/L and Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP were cost-effective. The chemical treatment could be used as a short-term control strategy, and a component in integrated management of faba bean galls.

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to determine dry and humid periods according to the cumulative probability method at different time scales. . In this study, the rainfall data between the years of 1980-2018 belonging to of Kayseri Meteorology Station was simulated by CLIGEN stochastic climatic data generator. SPI indices calculated by using observed and simulated precipitation were evaluated with the statistical methods at the time scales of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- months. The SPI values of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- month which are observed and simulated with CLIGEN are close to each other and the performance of the model is very high in calculating the SPI values of these time series. However, as the time period increased, the model's representative ability decreased.

Fusarium graminearum species complex is the major Fusarium head blight disease pathogen in worldwide. Fusarium head blight disease lead to damages on small grain cereals. The identification of the F. graminearum species complex is important for improving disease control and management. Traditional identification methods such as macroscopy and microscopy analysis need to be supported by biochemical and genetics assays. Thus, DNA sequencing-based methods is one of the most preferred, reliable, low priced in the identification methods. In the study, 54 F. graminearum isolates obtained from diseased wheat, barley and corn fields in Turkey and Iran were identified by morphological characteristics and then characterized by species-specific SCAR marker. β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3 genes amplified, purified and then sequenced. The merged multiloci length was obtained as last of all 2215 bp. These sequencing results was used to multiloci genotyping assays. Last of all, 20 isolates were determined as F. graminearum sensu stricto by multiloci genotyping analysis. Remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum or Fusarium sp. . The findings are important in terms of revealing the first-time identification in Turkish and Iranian isolates as F. graminearum species complex members by amplification four (β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3) highly conserved DNA regions.

Bu araştırma, bazı yonca çeşitlerinin çimlenme döneminde farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarına gösterdiği tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2019 yılı Mart ayında Sakarya Üniversitesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki materyali olarak; Azurre, Delta, Emiliano, Emiliano (kaplamalı), La Bella Campagnola ve Neptune çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada altı farklı tuz konsantrasyonu seviyesi (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol) uygulanmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde 2 faktör ve 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada; çimlenme yüzdesi, sapçık uzunluğu, kökçük uzunluğu, tuza tolerans indeksi, yaş sapçık ağırlığı, yaş kökçük ağırlığı, kuru sapçık ağırlığı, kuru kökçük ağırlığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, tuz konsantrasyonlarının incelenen tüm özellikler üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli derecede etki ettiğini göstermiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça tüm özelliklerde elde edilen değerlerin azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında incelenen özellikler açısından, Emiliano kaplamalı çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonunun 50 mmol’dan daha fazlasının, incelenen özellikleri önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkilediği ve en düşük değerlerin 200 mmol dozunda ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Çeşit ×Tuz konsantrasyonu etkileşimleri incelendiğinde; tuz tolerans indeksi en yüksek değerler Emiliano kaplamalı × 50 mmol etkileşiminde tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tuzluluk problemi ile karşı karşıya kalınan topraklarda Yonca tarımında Emiliano çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha toleranslı olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.