Et ürünleri günlük beslenmede büyük öneme sahiptir. Tüketici beğenisini et ürünlerinin fiziksel ve fonksiyonel özellikleri sağlamaktadır. Bu özelliklerinin yanı sıra insan sağlığına olan etkileri bakımından da bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada et ürünlerinin formülasyonlarının fonksiyonel özelliklere göre düzenlenmesi, işleme, depolama ve tüketim modifikasyonları ve fonksiyonel gıda olarak tanımlanan et ürünleri ele alınmıştır. Et ve et ürünleri; yağ asitleri, mineraller, diyet lifi, antioksidanlar ve biyoaktif peptitler gibi önemli besinleri diyete vermek için büyük potansiyele sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, bu bileşenlerle başarılı ürünler üretmek, stabilitelerini arttırmak ve lezzetli olmaları için yeni teknolojiler geliştirilmektedir. Kullanılan bileşenlerin doğal olması, yapılarındaki mevcut sağlığa faydalı bileşenlerin de diyet ile alınmasını sağlaması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Gıda ürünlerinin sindirim ile metabolizmaya katılması sebebiyle yapılan in vitro çalışmalar da doğal bileşenler ile geliştirilmiş et ürünleri için önemli bir değerlendirme kriteridir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı Giresun ilinde kırsal ve kentsel alanda yaşayan halkın tıbbi bitki kullanım alışkanlığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaca yönelik soruları içeren anket formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tıbbi bitki kullanım alışkanlığını %15,2 erkek, %30,4 kadın katılımcı sürekli kullanırım, %35,9 erkek, %18,6 katılımcı ise ihtiyacım olunca kullanırım şeklinde tanımlamıştır. Hem erkek hem de kadın katılımcıların %48,2’sinin tıbbi bitkileri hastalık tedavisinde ve sağlıklarını sürdürmek için kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin %25,4’ü, kadınların %25,9’ü tıbbi bitkileri aktar + marketten temin ettiği, erkek bireylerin %50,5’inin kadınların %48,7’sinin basın yayın yoluyla yapılan haberlerin bitkilerle tedaviye ilgilerini artırdığı, tıbbi bitkilerle ilgili bilgi edinme yöntemlerinin erkeklerde %31,9, kadınlarda %34,3 oranında büyüklerimden + arkadaşlarımdan + basın-yayın yoluyla kombinasyonunda yoğunlaştığı, en çok kullanılan tıbbi bitkinin erkeklerde (%5,6) ve kadınlarda (%5,5) nane bitkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca erkeklerin %9,5’inin kadınların %9,1’inin en çok tıbbi bitkilere başvurdukları hastalığın soğuk algınlığı olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bitkisel ilaçların tatlandırılması için erkeklerin %10,7’si şeker + bal + limon kombinasyonunu tercih etmiş, kadınların ise %10,7’si herhangi bir tatlandırmaya ihtiyaç duymadığını belirtmiştir. Tıbbi bitki hazırlamak için kullanılan materyalin cinsine erkelerin %30,4’ünün dikkat etmediği bu oranın kadınlarda %13,6 olduğu, kadınların %33,0’ının ise materyal olarak cam + porselen kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin %29,6’sının kadınların %33,0’ünün tıbbi bitkilerini mutfak dolabı + buzdolabında muhafaza ettiği, ambalaj olarak ise %24,9 oranında erkek bireylerin, %26,7 oranında kadın bireylerin naylon ambalaj + cam ambalaj kullandığı tespit edilmiştir.

The Covid-19 outbreak, which started to appear in China in December 2019, spread to the whole world in a short time and was declared as a pandemic by WHO. Pandemic and its quarantine do not only affect the usual lifestyle, economy, but also education. Countries thought that switching schools to distance education would reduce the virus and its spread would decrease. In our country, in the spring term of the 2019-2020 academic year, the transition from face to face education to distance education has been made. On April 6, Selcuk University started distance education. The purpose of this study; This is an online survey on Selcuk University Landscape Architecture Department students’ internet access, participation in classes and their satisfaction during the distance education process. In the light of the findings and results obtained, it is a guiding tool for lecturers and those working in the system infrastructure, in case of continuing distance education as a result of the prolongation of the process or planned to be created in the future.

In this study, it is aimed to reveal the place and importance of fish in nutrition by determining the fish consumption habits of Adiyaman University Kahta Vocational School students. The data were obtained from the questionnaire made with total 240 students in February 2020. The data were analyzed and interpreted by using rate and percentage methods as descriptive statistics. A total of 15 questions were asked to the students who participated in the research. In this study, it was determined that 70.42% of total students consume fish; the frequency of fish consumption was also determined as 34.34% once a month and 14.45% once a week. In the study, it was determined that the fish are preferred as the fried or grilled by students. In addition, it has been seen in the study that 84.05% of the students find that consuming fish is important for health, 36.54% of them do not have knowledge about the freshness criteria that should be considered while purchasing fish, 73.53% of them can easily reach fish and 94.41% of them do not consume water products other than fish. At the end of the study, it is concluded that the fish consumption rate and the frequency of consumption are not at the desired levels.

The present research was conducted to determine the effect of season, lactation number and type score factors on the somatic cell count (SCC) in Black and White cattle raised in the Mediterranean climate zone. 1368 milk samples obtained from 128 cattle were analysed for SCC determination. Significant effects of season, lactation number and type scores on SCC were observed. The results indicate that the necessity to comply with the care and barn cleaning of the cows in the summer and the importance of the type characteristics in the selection programs may be effective in reducing the of SCC.

Dairy desserts, which have an important place in Turkish cuisine, are mild, more digestible and have high nutritional value than dough and syrup desserts. In recent years, studies for developing these products have increased due to the increase in consumer demand for low and zero fat products for many different reasons such as nutrition, health and weight control. However, the reduction of fat in food products often leads to undesirable changes in the structural properties of foods, which affects consumer preference. Fat in the formulation of such products, affects the appearance, texture, mouthfeel, and especially flavor. To eliminate the problems associated with the reduction of fat content in foods, whey protein-pectin complexes, λ-carrageenan, κ-carrageenan, short and long chain inulin mixtures, starch substitutes are generally used. Changes in fat content of dairy desserts with the use of substitutes affect color, rheology, texture, sensory perception, aroma release and perception. Milk fat content is effective on sensory detection, in vivo flavor and flavor release in semi-solid dairy desserts. The milk fat content (whole-fat, low-fat or non-fat) used in the production of dairy dessert affects the rheological and sensory properties of the product, the taste intensity perceived in the mouth, flavor release, flow behavior, flavor and viscoelastic properties. According to the reviewed literature, in dairy desserts with reduced fat content, the thickener type and concentration (starch, κ-carrageenan, carboxymethyl cellulose) have been determined to cause perceptible changes in the product’s color, flavor and texture, and may alter the physical and structural properties of the product. In this review, it was aimed to examine the aroma release and rheological properties of dairy desserts with reduced fat content by using fat substitutes.

Knowledge of root architecture is significant since it influences on pathways from, photosynthesis products, water and nutrient movement. This study purposed to elucidate root mass, root length, root/shoot ratio, root/total mass ratio and above-ground characteristics in Vicia pannonica Crantz., Carthamus tinctorius L. and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. with taproot and Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichon, X Triticosecale Wittmack, Avena sativa L. and Secale cereale L. with fibrous roots at 200 cm long tubes under field-grown condition. Crop harvesting is based on early and late growth stages of cereal crops. The results indicated that winter field crops had a wide range of differences with regard to root and above-ground traits at both growth stages. The root traits of field crop species varied considerably from 0.3 to 5.9 g and 2.4 to 11.9 g for root mass and 84.7 to 127.7 cm and 84.5 to 166 cm for root length at early and late growth stages respectively, while shoot mass was between 0.3–5.7 g and 5.5–29.8 g. Furthermore, the percentage distribution of root mass accumulated in 0-20 cm root length at early and late growth stages, ranged between 52.3 to 81.4 % and 27.7 to 75.2 %, respectively. The findings showed that crops with taproot had less root and shoot mass and shorter root length than cereals with fibrous roots at both growth stages. This study also significantly advances our understanding of root-shoot competition by comparing the agronomical traits of winter field crops with tap and fibrous roots at different growth stages.

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is one of the important antioxidants, which naturally present in seminal plasma of fish. On the other hand, whether its effect may improve sperm quality following cryopreservation process still remains its uncertainty. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse the effect of different extenders supplemented with different ascorbic acid concentrations on post-thaw motility and fertility of frozen-thawed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm. Selected sperm samples were pooled and diluted at 1:3 ratios with two different extenders (E) composing such as (E-1) 300 mM glucose, 10% egg yolk and 10% DMSO and (E-2) 0.6 mM sucrose and 10% DMSO. Each extender was supplemented with vitamin C at 1, 5 and 10 mM concentrations. Following dilution, the sperm was loaded into 0.25 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour. The straws were then plunged into liquid nitrogen for storage. Fertilization was carried out using the dry fertilization technique. Highest post-thaw motility (50±5.77) and fertilization (56±1.00) results were obtained with the extender-1 (E-1) containing 10% DMSO concentration. In conclusion, the present study indicated that addition of ascorbic acid to the extenders improved rainbow trout sperm motility resulting higher fertilization of the eggs.

Propolis is a special resin and wax material collected from the leaves and shells of trees, buds and shoots of plants by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). In recent years, many researchers have studied the chemical composition, biological activity and pharmacological properties of propolis. The colour, odour and pharmacological properties of the propolis composition also vary as the composition changes depending on the plant, region, season and bee colony. Flavonoids, aromatic acids, phenolic acids and esters are the main compounds responsible for the biological activity of propolis. A number of studies have been conducted on the use of propolis or its active ingredients in the treatment of cancer. It has been observed that the use of propolis did not cause side effects according to in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Propolis should be extracted with different compounds for use in biological assays. The most commonly used compounds for extraction are ethanol, methanol, oil and water. A number of studies have been carried out showing the antitumor effect of propolis in cell culture and animal tests. The search for new drugs derived from natural products, which may function as chemotherapeutic agents and have low side effects, has increased in recent years. Combination with antioxidant therapy may improve the side effects of chemotherapy on leukocytes, liver and kidney, thus increasing the effect of chemotherapy with dose increase.