Particularly in the fruit juice industry, the remaining peels and pulp parts are not available for human consumption after the juices are used. It is possible to evaluate these wastes by adding them to poultry feeds. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers on the nutritional value of many fruit wastes and on the performance of poultry. Natural antioxidant content has been reported to have a positive effect on growth, microbial and immunological parameters when high fruit peels are used as feed additive in poultry feeding.

In this study, total phenolic compounds which possess health-promoting effects and provide basic nutrition were aimed to determine the alterations in different grapevine leaves. Total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method by using a spectrophotometer. At the result of the study, it was determined that contents of total phenolic in leaves collected from different grape cultivars were varied to cultivars and grape leaves had high phenolic compounds as berries. Therefore the grape leaves especially wine grapes such as Narince, Boğazkere ve Kalecik Karası may be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and food supplement at pharmaceutical and food industry.

In this study, the effects of Artemia sp. nauplii and micro capsulated feed on growth performance and survival rate of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) larvae were compared at the end of three weeks of rearing period. Length of goldfish larvae (4.82 mm) fed Artemia sp. (from 4 to 12/mL/day) were between 7.97 and 9.76 mm at the end of the trial while these values were between 6.80 and 7.21 mm for those fed microencapsulated feed (from 10 to 30 mg/L/day). On the other hand length of guppy larvae fed Artemia sp. (from 5 to 25/mL/day) were between 13.02 and 17.00 mm, whereas these values were remained between 11.98 and 12.38 mm for those fed microencapsulated feed (from 10 to 40 mg/L/day). A similar result was also observed in survival rates. Survival rate of goldfish larvae fed Artemia sp. were 88.91-97.61% in while those fed microencapsulated feed were 6.19-87.14%. On the other hand survival rate of guppy larvae fed Artemia sp. were 99.17-100.00% whereas those fed microencapsulated feed were 57.50-87.50%. Eventually, microencapsulated feed was not as successful as Artemia sp. on the growth and survival rate of larvae of both species.

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari:Phytoseiidae) and Euseius scutalis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are important predatory mites for citrus orchards in Turkey. The side effects of insecticides on these predatory mites have been rarely studied. In this study was investigated to the effect of tau-fluvalinate on A. swirskii and E. scutalis. The studies have conducted both laboratory and field. Field studies were carried out detecting of the side effects of tau-fluvalinate on the mixed stages of A.swirskii. and E scutalis. at Seyhan and Kozan districts in Adana, while laboratory studies were evaluated the side effects of tau-fluvalinate on the nymph stages of A. swirskii The studies were carried out following the standard guidelines which were adopted and issued by the IOBC-WPRS Working group ‘Pesticedes and Benefical Organism’. In the field studies, the effects of the pesticides were calculated according to the Henderson-Tilton formula. As a result of study, tau-fluvalinate was determined as toxic on predatory mites in the laboratory studies. Side effects of abamectin, one of the standard toxic acaricides, on predatory mites were found to be “T” (Toxic) according to IOBC class value. Side effects of tau-fluvalinate were found to be ’M’’ (Moderately Harmful) on 7th days while were detected to be “N” (Harmless) on 28th days according to IOBC class value in field condition. The fields studies at Kozan and Seyhan districts showed similar results.

This study aims to determine various relationships between liver, gonad and body weights of the two pipefish species caught in two breeding seasons from the Bafa Lake (Muğla) coasts between 2014 -2016. Using beach seine-net in the lake, a total of 208 pipefish specimens (79 Synathus abaster and 129 Synathus acus) were sampled. L-W relationship and Fulton condition factor were W = 2E - 0.94.01, 0.035 ± 0.009 in S.abaster specimens. Also LW relationships and condition factor were W = 8E-0.93.83 , 0.033 ± 0.01 in S. acus. On the other hand mean ± SD of HSI and GSI values were 2.18 ± 1.65 and 7.69 ± 7.12 respectively. In S.acus values 3.22 ± 3.13 and 5.49 ± 5.12 as well. The decrease in HIS and K values, provides sufficient information to claim that species in the lake spend all energy requirement obtained with proper feeding to growth and gonad development.

This research was performed to elucidate the effects of temperature on the degradation kinetics of anthocyanins in shalgam beverage. Shalgam beverage was produced according to traditional production method. Then, it was kept at three different temperatures (65°C, 75°C, and 85°C) for 12 hours, and the relevant quantities of anthocyanins were determined thereafter. The research revealed that degradation of the anthocyanins was well described with a 1st-order reaction kinetics model and the R2 values varied in the range of 0.9059-0.9715. Activation energy of the reaction was determined to be 48537 Joule/mole. The half-lives of anthocyanins at 65°C and 75° C, and 85°C were found to be 138.63, 136.72, and 51.57, respectively. Compared the half-life periods at different temperatures, anthocyanins were found to be more resistant at 65°C and 75°C than at 85°C.

Recent years, the increased consumer awareness on healthy food consumption and interest on traditional foods has affected goat milk and goat milk products demand positively. In this study it is aimed to identified the consumer behaviour and consumption tendencies on goat milk and goat milk products. In this context, it was designed a face-to-face survey and conducted to 518 individuals in the two south-east located cities of Turkey, Adana and Mersin. The results show that, almost 50% of the customers are consuming goat milk and its products in different forms. It is also determined that, price, health, nutrition value, digestion convenience and availability are the most effective factors on goat milk and its products consumption and purchase behaviour. Within the goat milk products, consumers are mostly preferring to consume goat cheese and they are mainly using supermarkets as the place of purchase.

Peynir üretimi ile eski zamanlardan bu yana önemli bir yere sahip olan Kırklareli ilinde önemli ticari potansiyele sahip olan iki farklı peynir, Kırklareli Beyaz Peyniri (KBP) ve KBP ve KEKP üretiminde belli oranlarda koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı kullanılmaktadır. Kırklareli peynirlerini ayırt edici kılan temel bazı özellikler mevcuttur. Bu özellikleri coğrafi yapı ve iklim koşullarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan doğal bitki örtüsünün getirdiği etki, peynir hammaddesi olan sütün taşımış olduğu farklılıklar, son olarak ve en önemlisi ise üretim yöntemi ve olgunlaşma sürecinde yer alan temel farklılıklar ile belirtildiği gibi süregelen tarihsel ustalık şeklinde özetlemek mümkündür. KBP ve KEKP taşıdığı farklılıkları bir zincir gibi hayvan beslenmesinden, süte, sütten peynire yansımaktadır. İlin botanik kompozisyonunu oluşturan türlerin oranları hayvanların yemini oluşturmaktadır. Botanik özelliklerine göre Kırklareli meralarında yaygın olan bitkiler buğdaygiller (Poaceae), baklagiller (Fabaceae), geniş yapraklı otlar (Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae vd.) ve çalılardır (Fagaceae vd.). Bu 3 farklı bitki grubunun süt ve peynir üzerine farklı şekillerde etkileri bulunmaktadır ve protein miktarı, yağ oranı vb. gibi en temel kalite kriterlerini etkilemektedir. Bunların dışında sütün mikrobiyal yükünün çok düşük olması ile başlayan ve üretim koşullarının getirdiği birçok farklılık ta mevcuttur. İlde üretilen sütlerin AB kriterlerine uygun olması, öncelikle düşük pastörizasyon sıcaklığı gibi çok önemli bir avantajı beraberinde getirmektedir. Üretimlerinde yalnızca inek sütü kullanılabileceği gibi koyun sütü, keçi sütü ve inek sütü karışımı da kullanılabilir. Karışım oranları ise %30-%45 koyun sütü, %25-%40 keçi sütü, %15-%30 inek sütü şeklindedir.

Pesticides have both acute and chronic effects on humans and all other warm blooded living things. In pesticide applications, few of the amount used reaches the target organisms, whereas the rest mixes into the ecosystem and leads to the deterioration of the ongoing natural balance. Therefore, growing attention has been given toward the development of alternate environmentally friendly pesticides/insecticides that would aid an efficient pest management system and also prevent chronic exposures leading to diseases. In this context, plant-derived natural products are considered valuable candidates to reverse this negative trend. Botanical pesticides are relatively safe, degradable, and are readily available sources of biopesticides. Neem is an ideal alternative candidate as a natural non-synthetic plant pesticide. The neem products have been obtained from several species of neem trees in the family Meliaceae. Array of more than 300 bioactive compounds in the neem tree makes it a unique plant with potential applications in pest and vector management. Botanical pesticides, such as neem, have limited persistence in the environment, and ultraviolet light, temperature, rainfall and other environmental factors can degrade neem. Unlike toxic synthetic insecticides, neem materials do not kill the pest, but incapacitate or neutralize it via cumulative behavioural, physiological, and cytological effects. In spite of high selectivity, neem materials affect more than 400 harmful species including insect pests, phytophagous mites, mites, and ticks affecting man and animals, parasitic protozoans, noxious molluscs, plant parasitic nematodes, pathogenic fungi, and harmful bacteria and fungi. Neem ingredients affect insects in various ways such as repellent, antifeedant, toxic, fecundity and growth regulatory effects. This review presents an overview of recent advances in research on the environmental impact of neem products and their use and effectiveness as a biopesticide.

Due to rapidly increasing population and urbanization, agricultural lands are shrinking. However, environmental problems and pollution are constantly increasing. This poses a threat to agricultural production and food access. In order to overcome these threats, the use of fully controlled indoor production systems called plant factory is becoming widespread. The management of plant nutrition and monitor of environmental conditions is very important for production in the plant factory. Plant production is sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, it is necessary to make accurate measurements in order to ensure the correct climatic conditions. The high cost of control systems designed for this purpose is a problem for producers. In this study, a mini plant factory prototype and control system are presented which is developed by using open source hardware and software. In addition, the temperature, relative humidity and light measured by the low-cost sensors were compared with the reference devices and the system performance and stability were investigated.